SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The Norwegian Medical Association has built a new headquarters in the centre of Oslo. The site is one of the very oldest in the city and has a long history because of its many different functions--it has been a cemetery, riding ground, church site and petrol station. The interesting history of the site is described in this article.
Władysław Szymonowicz doctor of medicine distinguished professor of histology, a world over appreciated scientist, doctor of medicine Władysław Szymonowicz lived in 1869-1939. He finished his High School in Lwów, then was studding on Medical Faculty of Jagiellonian University in 1887-1893. As an assistant at Physiology Department conducted investigation on adrenals, together with Prof. Napoleon Cybulski--department's head. The results were published in some dissertations i.g. "On symptoms after excision of adrenals in dogs and effects of its extracts". In 1895 he gained Ph.D. degree on histological topic: "Morphological and Physiological view on adrenals" and after that he promoted to a higher post--private docent degree. In February 1897 he was appointed to an assistant professor in histology and embryology on Medical Faculty of Lwów University. From the 1st of April 1898 he was a head of the department of Histology and Embryology and a head of Histologico-Embryological Institution. Lwów's period belonged to the most fruitful time of Prof. Szymonowicz's life. One of his essential achievements was scientific description of manual on histology and microscopic anatomy. This work reached 12 editions in some languages like German, English, Italian, Spanish and Polish. The next years Prof. Szymonowicz devoted for storing and studding materials on nerves endings and published the series of original dissertations concerning the development of nerves endings in human skin and animals. The last two years of his life he spent at his home, Piłsudskiego str. 18. He died on 10th March 1939, buried in his family vault on Lyczakowski's Cemetery in Lwów.
Cemeteries without grave goods permit conclusions on the social structure of the underlying population by morphologic skeleton characteristics alone only very restrictedly; though, this social structure may manifest itself in varied nutritional habits, which mirror for their part in the trace element spectra of the skeletal material. A proportional interrelation between Sr-Ca-ratio in food and Sr-Ca-ratio in bone exists, the proportionality factor (observed ratio = OR) being known; the same goes for Ba. This linearity is not given any longer concerning the interrelation between nutritional habits, i.e. the shares of the single food stuffs, and the trace element concentrations of the food and by that of the bone. This makes the use of statistic procedures (cluster analysis) upon the initial trace element data unreliable, so reconstruction of the actual nutrition is necessary. Suitable equation systems do not only supply the wanted individual nutritional habits, but also indicate the metabolism of other trace elements.
Accurate rib sequencing is of importance to both forensic anthropologists and human osteologists, but until recently there have been few traits used to aid in the seriation of ribs within a human burial. This study examines two measurements (head to tubercle length and superior costotransverse ligament crest height) for the purpose of aiding rib identification and seriation in human skeletal remains. A sample of 344 ribs from 43 individuals from the 19th century Anglican Church cemetery of St. Thomas in Belleville, Ontario were used for the current study. While the head to tubercle length appeared unreliable for rib seriation, the superior costotransverse ligament crest height may provide an alternative technique for assessing rib sequence. More importantly though, the method provides a basis on which the identification of the central ribs can be made.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the rheumatic conditions found in skeletal remains of Amerindian ancestry disinterred from a 16th century Mexican cemetery. METHODS: A physical anthropologist and 2 rheumatologists surveyed the recovered skeletal remains. RESULTS: We examined the skeletal remains of 443 subjects. We found 19 cases of Pott's disease, 17 of osteoarthrosis in various anatomical locations, 2 spondyloarthropathies, probably ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, one probable septic arthritis in the stemoclavicular joint, and 2 compression fractures of the spine. We found no cases of gout or rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the presence of rheumatic conditions in colonial Mexico. Studying the remains of these populations can provide useful information about the origin and evolution of different rheumatic conditions.
Sex determination presents a difficult problem in archaeology and anthropology in cases of fragmentary or juvenile remains, and where grave goods are absent. Here, a molecular genetic analysis of the sex of human remain from the Early Medieval cemetery at Nefedievo, North Russia, was carried out and the results were compared with archaeological and anthropological data. Teeth without cavities (15 samples) and bones (9 samples) were used as the ancient DNA source. The repetitive sequences in DYZ1, DYZ3, DXZ3 loci, and a unique sequence in the first intron of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin, were amplified. Sex was determined in 87.5% of the samples by archaeological criteria, in 95.8% of the samples by anthropological methods, and in 79.2% of the samples by DNA analysis. PCR allowed the sex of infant's remains to be identified in individual where the sex could not be determined by anthropological methods and in three remains where sex could not be inferred from archaeological data. Uneven preservation of nuclear DNA loci was evident.
On the basis of 238 male and 230 female skeletons, derived from a Medieval cemetery from Gruczno, Northern Poland, limb bones' proportion was determined. Substantial differences (d > 1 standard deviation) were established in 30% of the individuals, which, according to the relative relations among the separate bones, were divided into 6 groups. For separate individuals of each group a body height was calculated on the basis of Pearson's regression equation (Rösing 1988) as well as separately their arithmetic means for single limb bones and for two bones. The analysis of the absolute differences (the average and maximum values) among all the reconstructed body heights show that the calculated body height depends on the limb proportion. The degree oft the dependence does not seem to depend on the limb proportion group because the most significant differences for both sexes are connected with other proportion groups. The differences in the reconstructed body height are larger for the female skeletons.
P. carinii causes pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. New studies are suggestive of the de novo infections. Although P. carinii is believed to be ubiquitous it has not been detected directly from outdoor air. Therefore, outdoor air samples (n = 20) of 5 m3 were collected onto gelatin filters (pore size: 3 microns) on a cemetery using a suction pump (Sartorius MD8). Five samples were silver-stained, five samples were stained with an indirect immunfluorescence test kit, the remaining ten samples were stained with the combinations of the two individual stains. In a total of 100 m3 outdoor air one cyst resembling P. carinii was detected by the methenamine silver stain. Other cells not resembling P. carinii were found with a silver stained cell wall and positive fluorescence. The natural reservoir of P. carinii remains unknown. The indirect immunfluoresence which is common in the clinical laboratory is probably not specific enough for environmental samples.
Ancient Mesopotamia (southern Iraq) in 2000 B.C. was the home of the biblical figure Abraham and his people. An analysis of skeletal material from cemeteries in the ancient cities of Ur (birthplace of Abraham) and Kish shows a homogeneous, short-lived population that suffered severe dental attrition (95 percent of inhabitants), periodontal disease (42 percent) and caries (two percent). Many oral congenital and neoplastic lesions were noted Skeletal (dental) evidence indicates the population suffered from extensive disease and nutritional deficiency. Of special note was a possible case of endodontic treatment. The people of Abraham had modern dentition but relatively poor dental health. It is probable that Abraham, if in truth he existed, left Mesopotamia because of the threat of famine, as evidenced by biblical record, geologic strata and dental analysis.
The analyses of the pattern of dental disease in the Late Medieval Serbian population from cemetery excavations in the archaeological site Grachanica were based on the study of tooth wear, ante-mortem tooth loss, caries, hypoplasia, alveolar resorption, abscesses and calculus. The total sample of all available skeletons with almost complete permanent dentition numbers 45 individuals. Dental sample comprises 178 maxillary teeth and 337 mandibular teeth. The presence of dental caries was scored taking into consideration the size of the lesion (four degrees) and its position on the tooth. The degree of tooth wear was graded into one of four categories: atrition of enamel only; atrition involving dentin; atrition up to the level of fissure at the occlusal surface of the molar teeth, and exposure of the pulp chamber. The cystic defects within the alveolar bone were recorded according to their aetiology, size and position. Radiographic study had not been done in order to detect periapical destruction, so the presence of such destruction was recognizable in advanced stages associated with the appearance of fistula penetrating the compact alveolar bone usually at the buccal side. The condition of the alveolar crest resorption, as the evidence of periodontal disease, was graded into three categories, and the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar crest was measured. The analysis of dental pathology profile consisted of the two reporting methods: individual count method (prevalence of disease based on the number of individuals affected) and tooth count method (distribution of lesions frequency on tooth type and class). The Grachanica dentition exhibits a dental pathology profile typical of agricultural medieval populations in this region. Tooth wear was the most frequent, affecting 95% of individuals. Dental caries and ante-mortem teeth loss exhibit also high frequency (51% and 69%). Dental pains of low prevalence include abscesses (13%) and enamel hypoplasia (20%). In the material examined, the carious process was responsible for pulp exposure to infection in all cases of abscess formation. The results obtained suggest that food processing technology and nature of diet allowed use of abrasive in the food and that oral hygiene was at the low level. On the other hand, there were not a lot of people who were subjected to stress-induced growth disruptures. The findings reported here contribute to understand how dietary change and life conditions are related to the changing patterns of dental diseases in medieval populations.