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PubMed1991

Update--Cuba: on the road to a family medicine nation.

Beginning with an overview of developments during the last 30 years, this article focuses on the current Cuban plan to convert the country into a family practice nation by creating a new primary care system. The new system is based on the training and placement of no less than 20,000 family physician and nurse teams to cover the entire population by 1995. Cuba has come a long way in 30 years, as demonstrated by major health indicators.

Cuba↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemic human fascioliasis. Cuba 1983. VI. Clinical study of 40 children in the Hospital Provincial of Sagua la Grande].

We studied forty children with "Febrile-eosinophilic-Syndrome". They presented Fasciola Hepatic infection confirmed by: Fever, high eosinophils and abdominal pain. 82% used to eat watercress. All of them had positive biopsies-laparoscopies-intradermo-reaction and also reaction to Fasciola antigen. We present the results of and epidemic in Cuba during 1983.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of humoral antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in the population of Cuba].

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to study the levels of humoral antibodies to capsid (VCA) and early (EA) antigens of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in sera of 322 normal subjects living in the province of Habana and varying in ages from several months to 93 years. The results suggest that the population of Cuba, like in other countries, is widely infected with EBV, although the pattern of spread of this infection has some specific features. In particular, the infection rate of the pediatric population (3--4 and 5--9 years) is moderately high, 73% and 65%, respectively, whereas in adult population it is rather low (62--86%) despite the tropical location of the country. In all the age groups examined, geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibody to VCA were also lower than in comparable groups of population from other countries. The observed high GMT of VCA antibody in persons over 55 years and a considerable increase in the number of positively reacting sera and sera with high antibody titers (greater than or equal to 1 : 160) agree with the data by other workers and appear to be due to reduced immunological defence of the cellular type in elderly people. Antibody to EBV EA were found in all the age groups examined, although in a small per cent. The subjects with high antibody titers to this antigen (greater than or equal to 1 : 40) were found more frequently in the two youngest age groups (0--2 and 3--4 years) which appears to be due to large amounts of virus usually occuring in the period of primary infection. The analysis of infectious mononucleosis incidence for 5 years (1972--1976) in various age groups of Habana province population indicates a general low level of incidence. Two small peaks in 3--4 and 15--19-year groups corresponded to increased GMT values of antibody to EBV EA in these particular age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Biologicals production by recombinant DNA technology in Cuba.

During 1981 we started an intensive programme for the development of biotechnology in Cuba. The first project was related to the production of leucocyte interferon and the cloning an expression of these genes in prokaryotic and yeast cells. These products are currently obtained in large amounts and their physical and chemical characterization are presented. The use of mammalian cells in culture for the production of recombinant proteins has also been carried out. The results obtained with the expression and amplification of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in CHO cells are discussed and compared with that obtained in yeast. The construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus carrying the HBsAg was also achieved. The specific transcripts were characterized and the Ab levels tested in animals. The results presented here indicate that the host system is a very important aspect to be taken into consideration and in some cases mammalian cells appear to be the best choice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cuba: on the road to a family medicine nation.

Beginning with an overview of developments during the last 30 years, this article focuses on the current Cuban plan to convert the country into a family practice nation by creating a new primary care system. The new system is based on the training and placement of no less than 20,000 family physician and nurse teams by 1992. Cuba has come a long way in 30 years, as demonstrated by major health indicators.

Cuba↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of renoureteral lithiasis using extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Experience in Cuba].

Herein we present our experience in 5,000 cases of reno-ureteral lithiasis submitted to treatment at the Extracorporeal Lithotripsy Unit of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in Havana, Cuba, from April 1986 and during a period spanning 30 months. Treatment was exclusively by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 85.5% of the patients and in combination with other procedures in 14.5% (endoscopic maneuvers in 5.9%, percutaneous nephrostomy 4.4%, open surgery 3.6%, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy 0.6%). Complications were observed in 7% of the cases: ureteric obstruction (6.4%) with or without infection, perirenal hematoma (0.4%), and obstructive anuria (0.2%); acute urinary infection of different clinical types, some of which were very severe, were observed concomitantly in 2.6% of these patients. Two months following treatment, 86% of the cases were completely stone-free. At 6 months 96.2% were completely stone-free; the remaining 3.8% were classed as residual lithiasis. The pathologic conditions that put patients at high therapeutic risk and the possible complications that could arise were identified. The efficacy of the Dornier HM-3 lithotripter and the health care system that permits its extensive use are highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rheumatic fever in Cuba].

Rheumatic fever--is a social disease; it's incidence is connected with the sensitivity of the patients and infection--group A streptococcus. Such factors as social and economic conditions, accessibility of public health services and environmental factors may influence the spread of streptococcus. In the last decade the mortality rate (rheumatic cardiac failure) decreased in the Republic of Cuba from 4.2 x 10(5) in 1968 down to 2.1 in 1985. It's incidence was within 2.1 and 6.0/1.000 (children at an age of 5-14 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Some aspects of the history of dentistry in Cuba].

Some aspects that are wanted to outline in relation to the history of stomatologic teaching and practice in Cuba, during its conquer and colonization, as well as during the mediated republic and revolutionary stage, are briefly reviewed.

Cuba↗
PubMed1989

The health status of Cuba: recommendations for epidemiologic investigation and public health policy.

The health status of Cuba is described in comparison with Costa Rica and, in some instances, the United States. Recommendations are made for epidemiologic studies and for specific health policies to lower death rates from diarrhea and enteritis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and injuries. Rapid expansion of training and research in epidemiology and biostatistics is emphasized, and specific goals for health outcomes for the year 2000 are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus in Cuba.

This article describes the National AIDS Prevention and Control Program in Cuba and presents the results of serologic studies of HIV prevalence. As of 30 May 1988 2,224,748 individuals (approximately one-third of the Cuban population plus 32,750 foreigners) of sexually active age from high-risk and other population groups had been screened to detect HIV antibody. Among resident Cubans a total of 227 HIV infections were found, indicating a prevalence of 0.01 seropositives per 100 people tested. The seroprevalence of HIV among blood donors is on the order of one infection per 50,000 people, and appears to have declined since 1986. The seroprevalence of HIV among groups at risk is relatively low compared to that found among similar groups in other countries.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiological surveillance and control of poliomyelitis in the Republic of Cuba.

Organization and performance of Poliomyelitis Epidemiological Surveillance and control in Cuba are described. Since the first vaccination campaign the average of vaccinated population is of 90% and over. Annual and cyclic epidemic peaks disappeared after oral polio vaccination. During 20 years only 7 sporadic cases were diagnosed; the last one in 1979. Surveillance of disease and immunity of infant population was carried out by clinical examination, isolation techniques for Polio and other enteroviruses and by testing neutralizing antibodies in 0-4 years of age population samples from 1963 to 1979. Satisfactory high antibody levels have been maintained up to date after using different combinations of Polio viruses in vaccines and by having regulated the dose intervals. Subsequent virologic investigation in children under age 3, from nurseries of several provincial capitals, leads us to think that there is no Poliovirus circulation in the country. Behavior of the disease and the laboratory finding indicators reveal very successful results in Poliomyelitis elimination programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal infection in Cuba].

The results of the epidemiological analysis of the morbidity rate in meningococcal infection for 1976-1984 are presented. The maximum rise of morbidity rate, equal to 14.4 per 100000 of population, was observed in 1983. Primarily, the rise of morbidity rate in 1979 was induced by meningococci of two serogroups: C (44.6%) and B (36.4%). The vaccinal prophylaxis of the population, carried out in 1979 with the use of polysaccharide vaccine A + C, did not affect morbidity caused by group B meningococci. The isolation rate of these organisms reached 98.7% from patients and 81.0% from carriers. The characteristic feature of the epidemic process of meningococcal infection in Cuba was a considerable increase in the number of patients under 1 year of age and the absence of seasonal fluctuations in morbidity rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[1st finding of the Ancylostoma braziliense nematode (Gómez de Faria, 1910) in Canis familiaris in Cuba].

According to the results obtained by investigators who have been devoted up to date to the study of dog helminthiases in Cuba dog ancylostomiasis is produced by Ancylostoma caninum. Now, Ancylostoma braziliense (Gómez de Faria, 1910) has been found in two dogs from the Havana province. The knowledge of the invasion extension as well as of the intensity of infestation should wait for the exhaustive study of the collected material.

Ancylostoma↗
PubMed1986

[Sources of cattle infection with atypical mycobacteria and the frequency of their isolation from healthy slaughter animals in Cienfuegos Province, Cuba].

Studied were a total of 322 samples of water, feed, and grass vegetation with soil from a region where there were records of unspecific tuberculin reactions with cattle. Investigations were also carried out on viscera and lymph nodes of 120 slaughtered cattle. It was found that the atypical acid-fast mycobacteria were widely spread in some regions of Cuba: 42.5% were found in grass samples, 37.5%--in soil samples, 35.0%--in water ones, and 9.6% in feed samples. Atypical mycobacteria were isolated in 35.0% of the cases with internal organs and lymph nodes of slaughtered healthy animals. Established were as many as ten species of such bacteria, prevailing being M. aquae B, M. aquae A, M. smegmatis, and M. phlei. Suggested is the preparation of an allergen from selected strains of atypical mycobacteria to carry out differential tuberculin tests where suspected tuberculin reactions were recorded in the practice.

Abattoirs↗