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PubMed2004

[Male climacteric syndrome (andropause)].

The concept of male climacteric syndrome or andropause was advanced 55 years ago based on the fact that some men aged over 50 would present similar clinical symptoms as menopausal women. Since then, many related concepts have been presented to describe this specific period of time in men's life, and controversies have never ceased on this concept and its implication. To represent this unique phenomenon in a very general manner, such terms as male climacteric syndrome (andropause), late-onset hypogonadism, and partial androgen deficiency in the aging male (PADAM) are extensively used in clinical practice at the present time. But strictly speaking, these terms differ significantly, each representing a specific physiological condition. Out of different objectives, researchers might use some of the concepts to design their experiments or summarize related data. But it is very important for them to clarify real intentions and particular characteristics of selected research objects, so as to choose and use a proper concept.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of the cardiovascular risk among climacteric women attended at a family health program].

The objective of this study has been evaluating the cardiovascular risk among climacteric women attended at a Family Health Program from June to September 2003. The cardiovascular risk was assessed through the Framinghan Score. The incidence of dyslipidaemias was of 61% with hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia rates of 41% and 21%, respectively. The average cardiovascular risk was of 3,5 % (+/-3,2) being higher among post-menopause women (p=0,04). These results reinforce the importance of the assistance to climacteric women in the health services in Brazil, what would contribute to the reduction of the female mortality rates.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Hyperinsulinemia and insulin-resistance in climacteric women with metabolic syndrome].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the peculiarities of carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism in climacteric women with metabolic syndrome (MS). The subjects of this case-control study were 124 women. The main group consisted of 62 women with MS according to A TP III classification; the control group included 62 women without MS. Anthropometric parameters, blood levels of glucose and immunoreactive insulin, and lipid exchange indices were measured. Thirty-three patients in the main group were obese, and 12 had an excessive body weight; in the control group these conditions were found in 6 and 23 patients, respectively. Patients in the main group developed insulin resistance (IR) significantly more often than the controls did (33 and 15 cases, respectively); the frequency of arterial hypertension, differed significantly between the groups, too. High incidence of IR and carbohydrate dysmetabolism in climacteric women suffering from MS is associated with lipid exchange disturbances, the latter being an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low and ultra low-dose estrogen therapy for climacteric symptom control--preliminary report.

INTRODUCTION: Recent clinical trials have caused physicians to reconsider the use of hormone therapy (HT). Low-dose therapy has been proposed for those patients who tolerate standard doses poorly. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate low-dose and ultra low-dose estrogen therapy (ET) for vasomotor symptom control. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty five healthy postmenopausal women with moderate to severe climacteric symptoms were recruited. Symptoms were evaluated at baseline and three months after the beginning of treatment by a modified Kupperman's index (KI). Endometrial thickness was assessed with pelvic ultrasonography. Patients were randomly assigned to one of these therapies: I) Esterified conjugated estrogens (ECE) 0.156 mg/day (ultra low-dose) (n = 18) or II) ECE 0.312 mg/day (low-dose) (n = 17) for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was done with student's t test for independent and paired samples. RESULTS: In groups I and II, the abandon rate was 33.3% and 47.0%, respectively. No differences were found among the groups in general data nor in KI. The KI at the end of the study was 47.8+/-37.9 and 48.9+/-33.2 for group I and group II, respectively, for a mean decrease of 32.1% and 37% without differences between the groups. When comparing each group separately, KI decreased in group 1, but without statistical significance. In group II there was significant decrease in KI. Endometrial thickness increased from 2.5+/-1.0 to 4.2+/-1.7 mm in group I, and from 3.5+/-1.3 to 6.0 +/-1.4 mm in group II. CONCLUSION: low dose and ultra-low dose ET were useful in decreasing climacteric symptoms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Treatment of climacteric urogenital disorders with an estriol-containing ointment].

Estriol containing cream for treatment of climacteric urogenital complaints was used. After 4 weeks local treatment with Ovestin cream atrophy of vaginal epithelium and chronic vaginitis stopped or significantly decreased. During the treatment the ratio of superficial and intermedier cells in the vaginal epithelium increased and the vagina showed a decrease of pH. The subjective complaints relating to the estrogen deficiency (vaginal burning and dryness, itching, dyspareunia and urinary dysfunctions) ceased. Side-effects and complications during the treatment were not found. The cream can easily be used and it is well tolerated. Estriol containing cream is suitable for the treatment of chronic vaginitis and cystitis developed on the base of climacteric epithelium atrophy of urogenital system. Its introduction to the local therapy is necessary because the majority of population of women are interested in it.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

[Practical questions about organizing a gynecologic outpatient clinic for climacteric-osteoporosis patients].

The author established a climacteric-osteoporosis outpatient clinic at his department of obstetrics and gynecology among the first ones in Hungary. On the basis obtained with the care of 3000 patients the author outlines the most important duties connected with such a clinic. In his opinion it is of special importance to screen women with several risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis,--supply these women at risk with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and to care them,--include diseases which contraindicate HRT before starting it, --work out rational cooperation between the interested specialties and to delimit the duties,--make the rules of direction of patients clear,--supply osteoporotic women treated by rheumatologists with HRT, --use uniformed diagnostic and therapeutical protocol, --inform the women population and to prepare the specialists and family doctors and to take part in their further education. According to experiences of the author HRT is especially effective to stop climacteric complaints and to prevent and treat osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Urinary, climacteric and sexual symptoms one year after treatment of endometrial and cervical cancer.

Data regarding urinary, climacteric and sexual symptoms among women before and one year after treatment of endometrial (n = 30) and cervical cancer (n = 26) were selected by a questionnaire, survey of medical records and semistructured interviews. The results were compared with similar data from hysterectomized women (n = 30). Urinary and climacteric symptoms were frequent in all three groups of women one year after treatment. In the cancer group the occurrence of urinary incontinence was significantly more frequent among women with vaginal dryness than among those without. Sexual symptoms were common in the endometrial and cervical group but not in the hysterectomy group one year after treatment. The results from medical records were not always in accordance with the results from questionnaire. Finally, the prospective interview study proved an appropriate method for collecting relevant data concerning the women's sexual life.

Adult↗
PubMed1951

A psychosomatic approach to the climacteric.

Two major aspects of the climacteric in women are endocrinological changes with their effects upon the sympathetic nervous system, and psychological factors leading to anxiety with its effect upon the sympathetic nervous system. Depending upon the circumstances in each case, the interruption of the vicious cycle thereby established may require hormonal therapy, psychotherapy, or both. The mere correction of hormonal imbalance may fall far short of effective treatment.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1983

Effects of a continuous estrogen-progestogen therapy for climacteric symptoms on circulating sex steroids and gonadotrophins.

Twenty-six peri- and postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were given each day for 1 year a tablet containing 2 mg 17-beta-estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate. Blood samples were collected before, after 3 months and after 12 months of treatment and were analysed for their gonadotrophins, estradiol, estrone, testosterone, androstenedione content and for their SHBG binding capacity. Serum levels of estrone and androstenedione before treatment were found to be higher in the perimenopausal than in the postmenopausal group. An increase of serum estrogens concomitant with a decrease of gonadotrophins was noted. The estrone/estradiol ratios after 3 and 12 months of treatment were 5.3 and 4.7, respectively. A decrease in the serum concentration of testosterone and androstenedione was recorded during treatment. The reduction of gonadotrophins, especially LH, might have been responsible for the reduction in circulating androgens. The reduction of serum levels of androgens during the present long-term replacement therapy could be of metabolic importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The pre-climacteric patient].

In spite of menstrual bleedings during premenopause FSH-concentration in blood increases significantly, however, without reaching post-menopausal amounts. Sometimes it is correlated with climacteric symptoms. FSH increases already 10 years before menopause, whereas LH does not change. Responsible for that is the partial reduction of follicular function, especially the loss of inhibin. Just during this time contraception is very important. Sometimes a therapy with sex steroids is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Menopause in rhesus monkeys: model for study of disorders in the human climacteric.

Hormonal and menstrual patterns were studied in rhesus monkeys 22 years of age or older. Sustained elevations of serum gonodotropins, low circulating levels of estradiol and progesterone, associated with oligomenorrhea or amneorrhea, were similar to changes reported for peri- and postmenopausal women. During the menopausal transition, pituitary FSH appears to be modulated independently of LH. These observations suggest that the rhesus monkey may be a suitable model for study of disorders afflicting women in the climacteric.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester: influence of an estrogen-progestogen regimen in climacteric women.

The relative fatty acid compositions of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester were studied during continuous treatment with an estrogen/progestogen combination. All 26 women who participated suffered from climacteric complaints and were given one tablet daily containing 2 mg of 17 beta-estradiol, 1 mg of estriol, and 1 mg of norethindrone acetate. Blood samples were taken before treatment and after 3 and 12 months of treatment. In serum lecithin, a decrease (p less than 0.01) in stearic acid concomitant with an increase of linoleic (p less than 0.05) and arachidonic (p less than 0.01) acids was recorded. The most evident changes noted in cholesterol ester were decreased levels of stearic (p less than 0.01), oleic (p less than 0.05), and arachidonic (p less than 0.001) acids. Polyunsaturated acids of the n-6 series are precursors for prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In the present study an increase of dihomo-gamma-linolenic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids in serum lecithin was found after treatment, and theoretically this finding may have an impact on the prostacyclin-thromboxane balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Silastic implants releasing estrone in the treatment of climacteric complaints.

A study on continuous low-dose estrone treatment achieved with two different silastic implants is presented. In the study estrogen treatment was supplemented with the addition of progestin in three different modes of application. The measurements of plasma estrone and estradiol concentration showed a 3- to 6-fold and a 2- to 3-fold increase, and that of FSH a decrease of 25%. The measurements of plasma estrone gave concentrations of 200-400 pg/ml and plasma estradiol was 70-200 pg/ml with uncovered estrone-releasing implants after 4 wk of treatment. The ratio of plasma levels of estrone/estradiol was around 3. The initial high estrone concentration after implantation could be eliminated by covering the rods with a thin layer of neutral silastic material. Plasma FSH and LH concentration significantly depressed when the estrone treatment was combined with levonorgestrel-releasing implants. The insertion of estrone-releasing implants alone and in combination with the cyclic treatment with norethindrone perorally, or with a norgestrienone-releasing silastic vaginal ring suppressed only the plasma FSH concentration. The climacteric complaints disappeared in a few days in every patient treated with uncovered estrone-releasing implants. Because it is easy to remove when required, the treatment with estrone-releasing silastic implants can be regarded as being safe for the patients.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1980

A placebo-controlled trial of ethinyl oestradiol and norethisterone in climacteric women.

A placebo-controlled trial has shown that 15 microgram of ethinyl oestradiol is as effective as 25 microgram daily in reducing both menopausal symptoms and the urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline. Norethisterone 5 mg daily also showed a significant reduction in the climacteric symptoms but was less effective than either of the ethinyl oestradiol doses.

Calcium↗
PubMed1980

An oestrone-releasing vaginal ring in the treatment of climacteric women.

Post-menopausal patients were treated with a new form of oestrogen administration by using two types of oestrone-containing vaginal rings. It was observed that oestrone was absorbed from the vagina as demonstrated by elevated plasma concentrations of oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2). In 3 out of 4 patients the ratio of E1/E2 was 4-5 in the first plasma samples collected after the initiation of the treatment. After the first week of treatment this ratio had dropped to 0.8-1.5, which indicates an increase and stabilization in the conversion of oestrone to oestradiol within 1 wk of treatment. The high levels of plasma oestrogens were associated with a decrease of plasma gonadotrophins and the disappearance of climacteric symptoms. The first type of ring tested resulted in a high initial burst of oestrone release, as evidenced by high concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol during the first 2 wk. In the second type of vaginal ring the high initial oestrone release was not present and the plasma oestrone and oestradiol levels were stable. The patients tolerated the treatment well, and after gaining experience, easily accepted this route of self-administration. It seems that the vaginal silastic ring is an effective steroid-delivery system in post-menopausal women. As judged by plasma oestrone and oestradiol profiles, it seems that the second type of ring was preferable to the first one as an intravaginal releasing device.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Serum bile acids and lipids during treatment of climacteric symptoms with natural oestrogen--progestin combinations.

Climacteric symptoms of 21 women were treated for 6 mth with sequential combination preparations containing natural oestrogen (oestradiol and oestriol) and norethisterone acetate as progestin. There were no significant changes during the treatment period in the serum alanine aminotransferase activity or concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. The concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid was, however, significantly decreased after 6 mth treatment. It thus appears that the above natural oestrogen--progestin combinations do not have adverse effects on hepatic function and lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Climacteric symptoms in an African community.

Climacteric symptoms were studied in a rural community in Zimbabwe. The incidence of symptoms was found to be similar to that described among westernized societies. A positive correlation was observed between various "metabolic" type symptoms and the number of years that had elapsed since the menopause.

Black People↗