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PubMedDate not supplied

[Transformation of phospholipids by cabbage phospholipase D in mixed micelles containing 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate].

We compared the activities of cabbage phospholipase D during hydrolysis and transesterification of phosphatidylcholine in mixed micelles of surface-active compounds with various physicochemical properties. Mixed micelles of phospholipids and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (ratio, 1:2) were among the best substrates. Hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation were studied in micelles containing 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. Mixed micelles of phosphatidylcholine and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate may serve as a new substrate for measurements of phospholipase D activity and preparative isolation of phospholipids using this enzyme.

Brassica↗
PubMed1977

Structure of inclusion bodies of cabbage black ring virus.

Inclusions in cells of Nicotiana glutinosa infected with a horse-radish strain of cabbage black ring virus (CBRV) were investigated on ultrathin sections. Large amorphous inclusions contained cellular constitutents showing usually no pathological alterations. Lamellar inclusions (bundles, circular inclusions, pinwheels), closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum, occurred frequently in areas of cytoplasm showing no vesiculation. Sac-like structures composed of concentric lamellae were observed in the cytoplasm or intruding into the vacuole. Spherosomes containing each a single crystal were found very often in the cytoplasm. Masses of virus particles in a parallel arrangement were usually located at the tonoplast.

Inclusion Bodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Effect of UVC light on growth, incorporation of thymidine, and DNA chain elongation in cells derived from the Indian meal moth and the cabbage looper.

After exposure to 10 or 20 J/m2 UVC light, cells of the UMN-PIE-1181 line, an embryonic cell line derived from the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, exhibited a rapid and prolonged depression in the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine, whereas cells of the TN-368 line, an ovarian cell line derived from Trichoplusia ni, the cabbage looper, showed only a slight drop in incorporation and a rapid recovery after exposure to 10 or 40 J/m2 UVC light. The extent of this depression was not correlated to the amount of cell killing by UVC light in these cell lines or in IAL-PID2 cells. Blockage of fork progression was correlated to the depression in thymidine incorporation. TN-368 cells exhibited little blockage after exposure to 10 or 20 J/m2 UVC light, whereas UMN-PIE-1181 cells exhibited significant blockage at these fluences. Photoreactivation did not entirely relieve blockage, depression in thymidine incorporation, or cell killing, indicating that, although the (5-6) dimer appears to be the major lesion responsible for these effects, other lesions such as the (6-4) photoproduct may play a role.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The distribution and viability changes of the Agrobacteria in the vacuum infiltrated plants of Chinese cabbage].

To understand further the mechanism of agrobacteria transformation by vacuum infiltration, the distribution and viability changes of the agrobacteria in infiltrated Chinese cabbage( B. rapa ssp. chinesis) plants were investigated by histochemical staining and bacteria plating techniques. Results revealed that there were different quantities of Agrobacteria in different organs, among which the most quantity occurred in flowers, especially in ovules. The Agrobacteria lied in the space between cells and concentrated in the vascular bundle no matter the type of the organs examined. The CFUs (colony forming unit) of the Agrobacteria derived from the flowers were always the most in every experiment. The viabilities of the agrobacteria in the plants declined dramatically along with the elongation of the time after plant infiltration in all organs, but there were still 10(3) CFUs per gram fresh tissue in the flowers after 15 days of infiltration. These results may explain the fact that the ovules were the targets for the Agrobacteria mediated vacuum infiltration transformation.

Brassica↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of the protocol for constructing transgenic plants of the white cabbage brassica oleracea var. capitata].

The strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101, which contains the pBar vector carrying the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (bar) under the control of the 35SCMoV promoter and NOS 3' terminator, was used for genetic transformation of four white cabbage lines, Ges-3, Drv-2, Zmu 7, and Meg 2. The effect of different concentrations and combinations of phytohormones was studied, which allowed for choosing the cultivation conditions that provided a 63-78% regeneration efficiency. It was demonstrated that concerted action by natural and synthetic cytokinins is necessary for the lines studied. Overall, 26 transgenic plants were obtained using the optimized protocol for agrobacterial transformation. The transgenic nature of these plants was confirmed by PCR and dot-blot hybridization.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1990

Plant regeneration from Ri T-DNA transformed roots of cabbage.

Ri T-DNA transformed roots were induced out on hypocotyl segments of cabbage infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. After cultured for four months on solid MS medium without hormones, some parts of a few of transformed roots were dedifferentiated into callus clumps, and then redifferentiated into shoot buds. On solid MS medium supplemented with kinetin, shoot buds were differentiated directly from transformed roots without callus formation. Among several concentrations of kinetin, 14 microM gave rise to the best results for differentiation of shoot buds. In liquid MS medium, 4.5 microM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) also showed the increase in the number of shoot buds from transformed roots. All of these shoot buds were able to grow further, root out on root induction medium, and develop into young plants.

Adenine↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of actinomycin D on the production of viruses by the protoplasts of Chinese cabbage infected in vitro by the yellow mosaic virus of turnips].

Chinese Cabbage (Brassica sinensis L. var. Cantonner) protoplasts were infected by Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) and inoculated in the presence or absence of actinomycin D. Virus production was determined 40 hrs. after inoculation, the time required for the virus replication cycle to be terminated. While actinomycin D had no effect on TYMV production when present at a concentration of 1 microng/ml, a 50 to 80% inhibition of virus production was noticed at concentrations of the order of 5 to 10 microng/ml, and the inhibition reached 90% with 25 microng/ml.

Dactinomycin↗
PubMed1980

Determination of residues of fensulfothion and its metabolites in Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish , and turnips.

A method was developed using a selective nitrogen-phosphorus detector to determine the combined total residues, as the oxygen analogs, of fensulfothion (O,O-diethyl O-[p-(methylsulfinyl)-phenyl] phosphorothioate) and its 3 metabolites. The procedure was used to determine harvest residues in Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish, and turnips treated with 2 application rates of fensulfothion. Residues found after application of 2 oz active ingredient (AI)/100 lineal ft of row ranged from 0.026 ppm for Japanese radish to 1.543 ppm for turnip greens. When the application rate was doubled, the amount of residue found was approximately doubled.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1978

Gas-liqiid chromatographic determination of pydrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, in cabbage and lettuce.

Pydrin, alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate, a synthetic pyrethroid ester, is extracted from vegetables with acetonitrile, partitioned into petroleum ether before cleanup on a Florisil column, and analyzed by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Recoveries of 88-102% at 0.01 ppm, 99-102% at 0.1 ppm, and 98-104% at 1.0 ppm were obtained from fortified cabbage and lettuce samples. The method appears applicable to detection of the residues of Pydrin in the foliage of many types of crops.

Brassica↗
PubMed1994

Extinction of Vibrio cholerae in acidic substrata: contaminated cabbage and lettuce treated with lime juice.

Lime juice killed millions of Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor, Inaba, present on cabbage and lettuce contaminated in the laboratory. The lethal effect was evident within 5 min of exposure to lime juice. No vibrios could be recovered at dilution 1:10 using alkaline peptone water (APW) and thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-saccharose agar (TCBS). More than 99.9% of the initial inoculum was effectively destroyed. The number of vibrios killed by lime juice was 2 to 6 logarithms greater than the maximum infecting dose, and 4 to 8 logs greater than the minimum infecting dose for cholera El Tor. The time interval needed for killing was smaller than the usual waiting time for serving food in homes and restaurants. The addition of lime juice to non-acidic foods, beverages and water, is strongly recommended to prevent infection with cholera vibrios and other acid-sensitive microorganisms. This measure is particularly important for rural and slum populations in the tropics and subtropics.

Cholera↗
PubMed1993

[Staining for Helicobacter pylori on gastric mucosa with dye from red cabbage during endoscopy].

Helicobacter pylori has a high urease activity and produces ammonia from urea, resulting in elevation of mucosal pH. Based on this characteristics of H. pylori, we have developed a method for staining H. pylori under endoscopy using dye from red cabbage (San-red RC, San-Ei Chemical Ind., Osaka), a pH indicator, safe for clinical use. After administration of a proton-pump inhibitor and an H2-receptor antagonist, the dye solution, mixed with 2% urea, was sprayed over the mucosa by endoscope. Change in color of the dye was found in some areas infected with H. pylori. The change in color reflects urease activity or amount of ammonia. This method may be useful to find the distribution of H. pylori in the mucosa and to examine the H. pylori-infected mucosa pathophysiologically.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1977

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alpha-isopropyl-4-chlorophenylacetate residues in cabbage.

A gas-liquid chromatographic method is described for residues of a synthetic pyrethroid, Sumicidin (alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alpha-isopropyl-4-chlorophenylacetate), on cabbage. The plant material is Soxhlet-extracted with hexaneacetone (1+1) and subsequently cleaned up on Florisil with benzene-ethyl acetate (9+1) eluting solvent. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis was performed on a 0.5 m x 2 mm stainless steel column containing 3% OV-101+3% Apiezon L on 80-100 mesh Gas-Chrom Q, with tritium electron capture detection. Sumicidin recovery was 97% when added at the 0.5 ppm level. Routine Sumicidin residue monitoring data are presented.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1977

Glucosinolates and derived products in cruciferous vegetables: gas-liquid chromatographic determination of the aglucon derivatives from cabbage.

A procedure is described for identifying and quantitatively determining the glucosinolates found in edible cabbage. The intact glucosinolates are extracted and their aglucons are released into solvent after a special enzymatic hydrolysis step. The resulting isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones are separated by a gas-liquid chromatographic procedure that allows the individual aglucons to be identified and their amounts to be estimated by comparison with an internal reference.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1997

Promoter sequences of two homologous pectin esterase genes from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) and pollen-specific expression of the GUS gene driven by a promoter in tobacco plants.

The promoter regions of two genomic clones, GBAN215-6 and GBAN215-12 from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis), were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of their promoter regions were compared with that of the Bp19 pollen-specific gene of Brassca napus. High nucleotide sequence homologies were observed among these three genes in the region between 210 bp upstream and the putative transcription start site. A sequence motif TGTGGTG, which is similar to that of the PB core motif (TGTGGTT) of two tomato pollen-specific genes, LAT52 and LAT56, was present in these two cloned genes. To determine regulatory sequences responsible for the anther-specific expression of the gene BAN215-6, two recombinant plasmids, pBPE3 (-274- + 109) and pBPE4 (-816- + 109) containing different lengths of the promoter fused with the GUS gene, were constructed and introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The result showed that the 383 bp (-274- + 109) of the BAN215-6 promoter region was sufficient for the anther-specific expression of the GUS gene. The GUS expression in a tobacco plants transformed with these constructs was first detected in uninucleate microspores and persisted at in vitro germinated pollen tubes. The expression level was increased during anther development, reaching the highest level in mature pollens.

Brassica↗
PubMed1997

Hinnavin I, an antibacterial peptide from cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae.

We have previously isolated four antibacterial peptides from the immune haemolymph of the fifth instar larvae of cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae [Yoe, S. M., Bang, I. S., Kang, C. S., and Kim, H. J. (1996) Mol. Cells 6, 609-614]. They were induced by live, nonpathogenic gram negative bacteria. One of these novel antibacterial peptides was named hinnavin I. Hinnavin I is heat stable; its activity was retained after 60 min incubation at 100 degrees C, being effective against gram negative and/or gram positive bacteria. Hinnavin I and lysozyme II showed a powerful synergistic effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth. Amino acid composition was analyzed and the molecular weight was determined to be 4,139.94+/-10.91 Da by the ESI mass spectrometer. To elucidate the primary structure of hinnavin I, the amino acid sequence of this peptide was determined by N-terminal sequencing techniques. The amino-terminal half of the molecule was rich in charged amino acids and was hydrophilic, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half was hydrophobic.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Identification of the BrSK gene family in flowering Chinese cabbage and functional characterization of BrSK2 subfamily involvement in heat stress.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) kinases are evolutionarily conserved regulators of plant development and stress signaling, yet their contributions to thermotolerance in cool-adapted Brassica crops remain poorly understood. Here, we identified 16 BrSK genes in the Caixin (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis) genome, all harboring intact catalytic motifs indicative of functional kinase activity. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed preferential accumulation of BrSK transcripts in stem apices and floral organs during reproductive transition, while promoter analysis identified abundant heat- and abiotic stress-responsive cis-elements. Under heat stress, BrSK21, BrSK22, and BrSK23 displayed striking genotype-specific expression dynamics. BrSK21/22/23 transcripts were stably suppressed in the heat-tolerant cultivar '49-19' but transiently declined before rapidly rebounding in the heat-sensitive 'Liuye 50', mirroring RNA-seq profiles. Protein-protein interaction assays (Y2H, BiFC, and LCI) demonstrated specific associations between BrSK kinases and BrHSFA1. Functional validation via VIGS revealed that silencing of BrSK21 significantly enhanced thermotolerance, with triple silencing of BrSK21/22/23 conferring additive protection, indicating functional redundancy within the BrSK2 subfamily. Collectively, these findings establish the BrSK2 subfamily as negative regulators of heat tolerance in Caixin, likely via modulation of BrHSFA1 expression. This work identifies high-priority targets for molecular breeding of climate-resilient Brassica vegetables.

Plant Proteins↗