Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Biomedical Engineering”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Vivian Richard Ebsary, A.M. biomedical engineer, inventor, philanthropist.

Vivian Ebsary was an inventor, designer and manufacturer of varied pieces of medical equipment, particularly those involving pumps. These included hypothermia machines and the heart-lung cardiopulmonary bypass machines used in Australian and New Zealand hospitals from the mid 1950s until well into the 1970s. Ebsary also designed and manufactured anaesthetic machines, a hyperbaric unit, scoliosis implant equipment, a chairlift and many other devices for use in the general community. This paper presents an overview of his life's involvement with medicine and medical technology in Australia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vascular biomaterials: from biomedical engineering to tissue engineering].

Biomaterials are already widely used in medical sciences. The field of biomaterials began to shift to produce materials able to stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level. The combined efforts of cell biologists, engineers, materials scientists, mathematicians, geneticists, and clinicians are now used in tissue engineering to restore, maintain, or improve tissue functions or organs. This rapidly expanding approach combines the fields of material sciences and cell biology for the molecular design of polymeric scaffolds with appropriate 3D configuration and biological responses. Future developments for new blood vessels will require improvements in technology of materials and biotechnology together with the increased knowledge of the interactions between materials, blood, and living tissues. Biomaterials represent a crucial mainstay for all these studies.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the contribution of biomedical engineering and technology to the understanding and the management of arterial hypertension.

There are several reasons why arterial blood pressure, i.e. the pressure within the large arterial vessels, is out of the physical parameters of the human body, one of the most frequently measured. Firstly, arterial blood pressure is a physiologically meaningful parameter, since it represents the driving pressure generated by the heart which maintains blood perfusion in the periphery. Secondly, it is a clinically important parameter: a decline of arterial blood pressure (e.g. in shock) may represent a life-threatening emergency which requires prompt recognition and correction; elevated blood pressure (hypertension) on the other hand is a very common condition, which bears a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and can be controlled with appropriate pharmacological means. Thirdly, but not lastly, arterial blood pressure is easily measurable with a fair degree of accuracy by the standard manual sphygmomanometric method and, more recently, by non-invasive automatic techniques. This paper discusses some of the aspects related to arterial blood pressure measurement, in which, in the author's opinion, medical engineering and technology are expected to provide useful advancements. Two major areas will be considered. The first regards the methodologies for arterial blood pressure assessment; the second the identification and acquisition of information additional to blood pressure which would be helpful for a better understanding of blood pressure measurements and/or of risk profiling. For the purpose of this brief paper, we shall mainly use examples and reasonings from our own experience.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New adventures in biomedical engineering: radiation safety program management.

As biomedical/clinical engineers expand their managerial expertise into nontraditional areas, it makes sense that they pursue areas where their formal training in physics and mathematics can be applied. Radiation safety requires having the educational background to understand atomic structure, the nature of radioactivity, mathematics, biology, chemistry, and instrumentation. Program management requires having the administrative experience to manage people, data, files, documentation, and budgets. Radiation safety program management also requires an understanding of how best to prepare for a surprise inspection, similar to but technically more specific than other inspections and surveys previously experienced by the BME/CE professional.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1981

Biomedical engineering aspects of spinal cord stimulation.

Problems of spinal cord stimulation for modification of motor performance are discussed, based on presentations by representatives of the major stimulator manufacturers. Addressed were problems of electrode fixation, durability, energy requirements, and size. Trade-offs involved in the design and manufacture of various systems were also discussed. Design features and parameters identified were small size, totally implantable, good control of stimulus current, rates of stimulation variable from 20 to 1,400 Hz, current range of 2-12 mA, and a pulse width of 100-500 ms. Improvements are needed in all aspects of system performance, but particularly with respect to lead durability and electrode design. Future units may utilize feedback of physiological parameters for more optimal stimulus control.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1975

The biomedical engineer and the doctor.

The appearance of engineers with special training in biology has occurred only in the past fifteen years, and the spectacular contributions they can make to patient care have been confined mainly to the years since solid-state electronic circuitry became available. It is timely to review the relationships between them and the clinicians, and to indicate the growing interdependence they have on each other. The three points at which their interests converge most noticeably are: 1. in the collection, storage and display of data, 2. in the maintenance of electrical safety and the proper functioning of apparatus, and 3. in the design of electro-medical equipment.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1980

Biomedical engineering specifications for epidural spinal cord stimulation to augment motor performance.

Stimulating electrodes were placed in the posterior portion of the epidural space in the upper thoracic spinal region in 28 patients with upper motor neuron disorders. Parameters of stimulation commonly used for chronic stimulation were a 200 microsecond pulse width, 22 Hz repetition rate, and 5 ma amplitude. Using a 16 gauge Touhy needle, platinum electrodes were passed between the posterior vertebral processes into and up the spinal epidural space to upper thoracic locations. Passive implanted receivers, powered and controlled by external RF transmitter/pulse-generator devices, were employed to provide the stimulus current to the electrodes. A description of available systems, problems and diagnosis of problems, and future directions is presented. This is based on studies in patients with stimulation systems implanted for more than six months.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2000

Using a multidisciplinary team approach in biomedical engineering senior design.

Under Criterion 4, the Professional Component of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Criteria 2000, a curriculum culminating in a major design experience is required. In addition, under Criterion 3, program graduates must demonstrate an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams. This paper describes some team related issues in senior design at University of Connecticut (UConn) with National Science Foundation (NSF) Senior Design Projects to Aid Persons with Disabilities and industry-sponsored projects. While these Criteria can both be satisfied in a senior design course sequence, it is not the most desirable method to achieve satisfactory results. Effective teamwork involves skills that may be learned in classes and training sessions. It is best achieved through team experiences in a series of courses, ideally beginning the freshman year.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2002

Biomedical engineering analysis of glass impact injuries.

This article outlines the history, development, and safety aspects of glass and its use in motor vehicles. It traces the manufacture and describes the characteristics of laminated and tempered glass. It further compares the differences in injuries caused by impact with laminated and tempered glass. The development, use, and results of high penetration resistance (HPR) laminated glass for windshields are examined. Head and neck injuries from impact with glass and glazing structures are delineated. Results of studies with laminated and tempered glass are presented. The probability and severity of injuries occurring secondary to partial or full ejection of vehicle occupants are discussed, and the differences between the performance of laminated and tempered glass are highlighted. Current research to quantify head and neck injury parameters caused by glass impact during rollover is described. The biomechanics of head and neck injury assessment and the development of injury prediction parameters and reference values, respectively, are reviewed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Teaching for adaptive expertise in biomedical engineering ethics.

This paper considers an approach to teaching ethics in bioengineering based on the How People Learn (HPL) framework. Curricula based on this framework have been effective in mathematics and science instruction from the kindergarten to the college levels. This framework is well suited to teaching bioengineering ethics because it helps learners develop "adaptive expertise". Adaptive expertise refers to the ability to use knowledge and experience in a domain to learn in unanticipated situations. It differs from routine expertise, which requires using knowledge appropriately to solve routine problems. Adaptive expertise is an important educational objective for bioengineers because the regulations and knowledge base in the discipline are likely to change significantly over the course of their careers. This study compares the performance of undergraduate bioengineering students who learned about ethics for stem cell research using the HPL method of instruction to the performance of students who learned following a standard lecture sequence. Both groups learned the factual material equally well, but the HPL group was more prepared to act adaptively when presented with a novel situation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whitaker Lecture 1996: microcirculation, biomedical engineering, and artificial blood.

The development of artificial blood requires the understanding of how blood behaves at the level of the microcirculation. A number of measuring systems have recently become available that allow analysis of the transport properties of blood and the microvessels in terms of pressure, flow, the dynamics of their diameter changes, and the rate and manner of oxygen delivery. Findings from this technology have led to the development of an analytical framework with which to assess the consequences of altering the physical properties of blood and to verify quantitatively theoretical predictions. Results show that blood viscosity and oxygen-carrying capacity are directly related, and must be jointly modified in a prescribed manner to maintain tissue oxygen delivery. The use of optical techniques to assess flow and oxygen delivery in experimental animal models show that the consumption of oxygen by the microvessel wall is an important determinant of tissue oxygenation. Furthermore, the viscosity of blood and/or the mixture of blood and an artificial substitute must achieve a viscosity that is close to normal. Low blood viscosity is not necessarily beneficial, unless blood flow velocity rises to maintain the shear stress at the wall needed for the generation of local vasodilators. Manipulating physical properties of currently available modified hemoglobins by mixing them with conventional plasma expanders yield fluids that may provide optimal blood replacements.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1997

A WEB based approach in biomedical engineering design education.

As part of the accreditation process for university engineering programs, students are required to complete a minimum number of design credits in their course of study, typically at the senior level. Many call this the capstone course. Engineering design is a course or series of courses that bring together concepts and principles that students learn in their field of study--it involves the integration and extension of material learned in their major toward a specific project. Most often, the student is exposed to system-wide analysis, critique and evaluation for the first time. Design is an iterative, decision making process in which the student optimally applies previously learned material to meet a stated objective. At the University of Connecticut, students work in teams of 3-4 members and work on externally sponsored projects. To facilitate working with sponsors, a WEB based approach is used for reporting the progress on projects. Students are responsible for creating their own WEB sites that support both html and pdf formats. Students provide the following deliverables: weekly progress reports, project statement, specifications, project proposal, interim report, and final report. A senior design homepage also provides links to data books and other resources for use by students. We are also planning distance learning experiences between two campuses so students can work on projects that involve the use of video conferencing.

Biomedical Engineering↗