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PubMed1992

Forage availability x heifer phenotype interactions for Brahman-Hereford F1 yearling heifers grazing humid pasture and semiarid rangeland.

Yearling heifer growth data were obtained during 4 yr for 524 heifers allotted to either humid bermuda grass pastures (Overton) or semiarid rangeland (Uvalde). Each year, heifers were allotted on April 15 to four forage availability levels (400 to 2,800 kg of DM per 100 kg of BW at Uvalde and 80 to 260 kg of DM per 100 kg of BW at Overton) maintained by varying the stocking rate monthly until mid-October of each year. Forage availability and yearling heifer characteristics (weight, condition score, and height at hooks, taken on April 15) were treated as continuous variables in regression analyses. Final heifer weight, height, and condition responses to increased forage allowance were related to yearling phenotypes differently for the two locations. Generally, at Overton, forage availability influenced final characteristics to a greater extent than did yearling variables, whereas the trend was the opposite at Uvalde. At Uvalde, the yearling characteristic that had the largest effect on performance was height at hooks. Yearlings with large frames benefited from increased forage allowance by accumulating body fat at a faster rate than those with small frames. In contrast, at Overton, the yearling characteristic that had the largest effect on performance was condition. Fat heifers responded to increased forage availability to gain even greater advantages in fatness at the expense of potential growth in height and, thus, achieved early maturation. Yearling phenotypes were more broadly adapted to arrays of forage availability for humid, improved pastures than for semiarid rangeland.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1994

The effect of supplemental lysine and threonine on growth and development of yearling horses.

Thirty-nine Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were used in two 112-d experiments to determine the effect of lysine and threonine supplementation on growth and development. Yearlings were individually fed three dietary treatments that consisted of a pelleted concentrate containing corn, oats, and soybean meal fed to appetite twice daily and Coastal bermuda grass hay group-fed at a rate of 1 kg/100 kg BW. Three concentrates were tested: (A) basal, (B) basal plus .2% lysine, and (C) basal plus .2% lysine, and .1% threonine. Feed intake, weight, withers height, girth, hip height, body length, and hoof growth (Exp. 1) were recorded every 28 d, and initial and final radiographs taken for estimating bone mineral content. Final croup fat thickness was measured ultrasonically in Exp. 1, and initial and final croup fat measured in Exp. 2. Blood samples were taken every 28 d for determination of serum urea N and protein in Exp. 2. Average daily feed intake (as-fed) was 8.8 +/- .14, 9.0 +/- .13, and 9.2 +/- .13 kg (P < .09), ADG was .57 +/- .02, .64 +/- .02, and .67 +/- .02 kg/d (P < .02), and girth gain was 9.7 +/- .49, 10.1 +/- .46, and 11.3 +/- .47 cm (P < .05) for Treatments A, B, and C, respectively. Gain:feed ratios in Exp. 1 were 70.5, 70.8, and 75.5 g/kg (P > .10) and in Exp. 2 were 61.7, 70.8, and 70.2 g/kg (P < .10) for Treatments A, B, and C, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1987

Effect of magnesium and potassium on microbial fermentation in a continuous culture fermentation system with different levels of monensin or lasalocid.

Two continuous culture fermentation experiments were used to determine ruminal microbial fermentation in the presence of monensin (Exp. 1) or lasalocid (Exp. 2) with different dietary concentrations of Mg and K. In each experiment, eight 500-ml continuous culture fermentors were supplied with late-cut coastal bermuda grass (80%) and cellulose (20%) as substrate during five trials with two levels of Mg (.07 and .14%), K (.6 and 2.5%) and either monensin (Exp. 1; 0 and 20 mg/kg) or lasalocid (Exp. 2; 0 and 20 mg/kg) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (each trial served as a replication). Substrate was added every 8 h (5 g/fermentor) for 5 d and digesta samples were collected every 2 h for 6 h and at 20 h for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis on d 6. In Exp. 1, monensin decreased (P less than .05) the acetate:propionate ratio (A:P) from 2.98 to 2.22. A Mg X monensin interaction was observed for the molar percentage of acetate and propionate (P less than .05). There was a 4.8% reduction in acetate (mol/100 mol) when monensin was fed with .07% Mg and a 12.6% decrease (P less than .01) when fed with .14% Mg compared with diets not containing monensin. Propionate (mol/100 mol) increased 14% when monensin was fed with .07% Mg and 32% (P less than .001) when fed with .14% Mg compared with diets not containing monensin. Potassium did not affect VFA concentrations in the presence of monensin or Mg. In Exp. 2, lasalocid decreased (P less than .01) the A:P ratio from 3.53 to 2.86.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Effects of frequency of offering and type of supplemental forage on intake and digestion in calves consuming endophyte-infected fescue hay.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of frequency of offering and type of supplemental forage on intake and digestion in calves consuming endophyte-infected fescue hay (I). In Exp. 1, five Holstein steers, averaging 128 kg body weight (BW), were used in a 5 X 5 Latin square experiment. All steers were given free access to I in the afternoon. Morning meals consisted of 1) ad libitum access to I daily (control), 2) .5% BW of Bermuda-grass hay (BG) daily, 3) 1.0% BW of BG every 2nd d, 4) 1.5% BW of BG every 3rd d and 5) 2.0% BW of BG every 4th d. Steers receiving BG consumed less (P less than .01) I and more (P less than .01) total dry matter (DM) than did steers given I alone. Within treatment, I intake was similar (P greater than .10) among days of the feeding cycle without BG. Organic matter (OM) digestion was lower (P less than .05) with than without BG. In Exp. 2, 12 beef calves (Angus and Hereford X Angus; 6 mo of age, 155 kg initial BW) were used in a completely randomized-design experiment. Calves were given ad libitum access to I daily (control) or to BG or wheat hay (WH) on d 1 and I the following 3 d. Hay (I, BG or WH) intake d 1 of the feeding cycle was higher for BG and WH than for the control treatment (16 and 45%, respectively) and higher for WH than BG (25%; P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1988

Digestion of hay protein in different segments of the equine digestive tract.

Mature ponies fitted with permanent ileal cannulas were used in a 3 X 3 Latin square experiment to quantify prececal, postileal and total tract digestion of hay protein. Coastal Bermuda grass (CB), containing 11.7% crude protein, and two qualities of alfalfa, containing 15.0% (low-protein alfalfa; LA) and 18.1% (high-protein alfalfa; HA) crude protein, were fed in coarsely chopped form at 2% of body weight daily. Total tract apparent digestibility of the N in HA (73.8%) was higher than that in CB (57.0%; P less than .05) and was slightly higher than that in LA (66.1%; P less than .10). Nitrogen in LA was apparently more digestible than that in CB (P less than .05). Apparent prececal digestibilities of N in LA and CB were 1.3% and 9.6%, respectively, and were lower (P less than .05), or tended to be lower (P less than .10), than the 21.0% observed for HA. In relative terms, an average of 9.4% of the total N digestion occurred in the upper tract when CB and LA were fed, whereas 28.5% of total N digestion occurred in the foregut when HA was fed. There was a slightly higher concentration of total plasma free amino acids (P less than .10) at 1 h postfeeding when horses were fed alfalfa. Also, N retention was higher when ponies were fed HA (P less than .05) than when LA or CB were fed. Apparent postileal N digestibility was 52.5% for CB, 65.7% for LA and 66.9% for HA. Differences were not significant, and the large intestine appeared to compensate for the inefficiency of N digestion in the upper tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

The influence of mineral supplementation on growth and skeletal development of yearling horses.

Forty-six Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were used in two experiments to evaluate the effect of mineral supplementation on growth and skeletal development. In the first experiment, concentrate and bermuda-grass hay diets providing 2.82 Mcal DE/kg (estimated), 13.0% CP, .62% Ca and .43% P on a DM basis were supplemented with trace minerals (TM) by adding 0, .5 or 1.0% TM premix to the concentrate. The TM content of the three diets (concentrate and hay) in mg/kg DM were: Fe 150, 162 and 176; Mn 56, 60 and 64; Zn 36, 53 and 69; and Cu 7, 8 and 11 for the low, medium and high TM levels, respectively. No effects of TM intake on feed intake, weight gain or body measurements were detected, but bone mineral deposition was increased by the high TM intake (P less than .02). No gross skeletal abnormalities were detected. In the second experiment, a basal diet with Ca and P concentrations near NRC (1978) recommendations was supplemented with no TM, TM or TM + Ca + P. The basal diet had TM concentrations similar to the highest TM levels in the first experiment. The two groups fed added minerals consumed more concentrate and total feed (P less than .1) than those receiving the basal diet. Weight gain was increased by the TM supplementation (P less than .1). There was no other diet effect on growth or development of the animals. Colts gained more height than fillies did (P less than .05). Results of these two experiments suggest that TM supplementation may have a positive effect on bone mineral deposition in yearling horses, but only when the TM content of the natural diet is below NRC (1978) recommendations.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1991

Energy balance and size and number of ovarian follicles detected by ultrasonography in early postpartum dairy cows.

Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 52) were fed one of six diets consisting of a totally mixed ration (corn silage, corn grain, soybean meal, dried distillers grains, and whole cottonseed) plus either alfalfa hay, alfalfa cubes, or bermuda-grass hay fed chopped as a component in the mixed ration or separate as long hay. Predicted energy balance was calculated from DM intake, milk yield and composition, and BW. On d 25 postpartum, ovarian status was programmed by injecting 25 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha and treating cows for 15 d with an intravaginal device containing 1.9 g progesterone. Before d 25, number of class 1 follicles (3 to 5 mm; detected by ultrasonography) decreased with increasing days postpartum, and number of class 3 (10 to 15 mm) and class 4 (greater than 15 mm) follicles increased. The number of class 1 and 2 follicles (6 to 9 mm) decreased with increasing energy balance, and number of class 3 follicles increased with energy balance. Before d 25, predicted energy balance explained treatment differences in the number of follicles within each size class. After d 25, energy balance did not affect the average number of follicles per cow, but diet affected the number of follicles within each class. Predicted energy balance and dietary treatments influenced number of follicles at different times after calving. These results identify the importance of diet and energy balance to follicular and ovarian function in postpartum lactating dairy cows.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1991

Feed intake and digestion by Holstein steers fed warm or cool season grass hays with corn, dried molasses, or wheat middlings.

This study determined the effects of adding a small amount of dried molasses to supplemental corn and of supplementing with corn, wheat middlings, or corn-wheat middlings mixture on intake and digestion by Holstein steers fed warn or cool season grass hays. Eight steers (175 kg BW), in two simultaneous Latin squares, were fed, once daily, bermuda-grass (72% NDF) or ryegrass-wheat (58% NDF) hay ad libitum, alone or with approximately .05% BW of dried molasses (with 31% roughage), 5% BW of ground corn, or both. Adding dried molasses to corn decreased feed intake but did not affect digestible OM intake. Total tract digestion of fiber from bermudagrass tended to be enhanced by adding dried molasses to corn. Eight steers (193 kg BW) were used in an experiment with the same design in which similar forages were fed alone or with corn (.5% BW), wheat middlings (.63% BW), or .25% BW of corn plus .31% BW of middlings. Feed intake for both grasses was similar among supplements. Wheat middlings depressed total tract fiber digestion more than corn with both forages. Supplementation with corn depressed fiber digestion slightly more with ryegrass-wheat than with bermudagrass, but wheat middlings had a slightly greater depressing effect on fiber digestion with bermudagrass. Associative effects of mixing corn and wheat middlings in OM digestion and digestible OM intake were negative for bermudagrass and positive for ryegrass-wheat. Interaction among characteristics of basal forage and concentrate modulated feed intake and digestion by ruminants.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2004

Molecular characterization of polygalacturonases as grass pollen-specific marker allergens: expulsion from pollen via submicronic respirable particles.

Grass pollen belong to the most important allergen sources involved in the elicitation of allergic asthma. We have isolated cDNAs coding for Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens, belonging to a family of pectin-degrading enzymes (i.e., polygalacturonases). The corresponding allergens, termed Cyn d 13 and Phl p 13, represent glycoproteins of approximately 42 kDa and isoelectric points of 7.5. rPhl p 13 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Immunogold electron microscopy using rabbit anti-rPhl p 13 Abs demonstrated that in dry pollen group 13, allergens represent primarily intracellular proteins, whereas exposure of pollen to rainwater caused a massive release of cytoplasmic material containing submicronic particles of respirable size, which were coated with group 13 allergens. The latter may explain respiratory sensitization to group 13 allergens and represents a possible pathomechanism in the induction of asthma attacks after heavy rainfalls. rPhl p 13 was recognized by 36% of grass pollen allergic patients, showed IgE binding capacity comparable to natural Phl p 13, and induced specific and dose-dependent basophil histamine release. Epitope mapping studies localized major IgE epitopes to the C terminus of the molecule outside the highly conserved functional polygalacturonase domains. The latter result explains why rPhl p 13 contains grass pollen-specific IgE epitopes and may be used to diagnose genuine sensitization to grass pollen. Our finding that rabbit anti-rPhl p 13 Abs blocked patients' IgE binding to the allergen suggests that rPhl p 13 may be used for immunotherapy of sensitized patients.

Allergens↗

PubMed2005

Fibropapillomatosis in stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the eastern United States (1980-98): trends and associations with environmental factors.

We examined data collected by the US Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network on 4,328 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) found dead or debilitated (i.e., stranded) in the eastern half of the USA from Massachusetts to Texas during the period extending from 1980 to 1998. Fibropapillomatosis (FP) was reported only on green turtles in the southern half of Florida (south of 29 degrees N latitude). Within this region, 22.6% (682/3,016) of the turtles had tumors. Fibropapillomatosis was more prevalent in turtles found along the western (Gulf) coast of Florida (51.9%) than in turtles found along the eastern (Atlantic) coast of Florida (11.9%) and was more prevalent in turtles found in inshore areas (38.9%) than in turtles found in offshore areas (14.6%). A high prevalence of FP corresponded to coastal waters characterized by habitat degradation and pollution, a large extent of shallow-water area, and low wave energy, supporting speculation that one or more of these factors could serve as an environmental cofactor in the expression of FP. A high prevalence of FP did not correspond to high-density green turtle assemblages. Turtles with tumors were found most commonly during the fall and winter months, and the occurrence of tumors was most common in turtles of intermediate size (40-70-cm curved carapace length). Stranded green turtles with tumors were more likely to be emaciated or entangled in fishing line and less likely to have propeller wounds than were stranded green turtles without tumors. Turtles with and without tumors were equally likely to show evidence of a shark attack. The percent occurrence of tumors in stranded green turtles increased from approximately 10% in the early 1980s to over 30% in the late 1990s. Fibropapillomatosis was first documented in southernmost Florida in the late 1930s and spread throughout the southern half of Florida and the Caribbean during the mid-1980s. Because green turtles living in south Florida are known to move throughout much of the Caribbean, but are not known to move to other parts of the USA or to Bermuda, the spread and current distribution of FP in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean can be explained by assuming FP is caused by an infectious agent that first appeared in southern Florida. Aberrant movements of captive-reared turtles or of turtles that are released into areas where they were not originally found could spread FP beyond its current distribution.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Evaluation of hepatic changes and weight gains in sheep grazing Kochia scoparia.

Sixteen Western Whiteface ewes were divided into 2 groups to determine the effects of plant maturity on liver function and weight gains. They were allowed to graze a greater than 95% pure stand of Kochia scoparia for 72 or 55 d. Four additional sheep (controls) were placed on weedy Bermuda grass pasture with the same water supply as the kochia-fed sheep. Body weights were determined on June 5, 1996 and on removal from the kochia pasture. Blood samples were collected at approximately 7-d intervals for serum chemistry profiles. Kochia scoparia plant samples were also randomly collected at 5-6 w intervals, oven dried, identified by date of collection and stored for later nutrient, oxalate, nitrate and sulfate analysis. Liver biopsies were performed pre-, mid- and post-study to assess morphologic changes. An almost exclusive diet (> 95%) of Kochia scoparia resulted in minimal elevations in serum GGT, suggesting mild hepatocellular injury, but was not associated with overt hepatic lesions or clinical disease. Other serum chemistry measurements were within normal ranges. Unlike for other domestic animal species, Kochia scoparia may be a useful grazing forage for sheep, offering little risk of toxicosis.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

Putting a premium on medical staffs. A novel way to insure physician liability (and loyalty).

The physician malpractice insurance crisis is having an adverse financial impact on both hospitals and their medical staffs. Innovative hospitals are exploring ways to create insurance arrangements to cover the professional liability of their medical staffs. Hospital risk managers often have theorized that if the same insurer covered both hospitals and their staff physicians, providers and their patients would benefit. These programs--often referred to as "channeling" or "channeled programs"--use a common risk management program, common claims administration, and a common claims defense for insured hospitals and their medical staffs, reducing costs, unfavorable verdicts, and, thus, premiums. Unfortunately only a few commercial carriers now offer such a program. Some hospitals and systems have therefore turned to "captive" insurance companies to provide the benefits of a channeled program. Hospitals or systems and their medical staffs can establish a captive (i.e., a controlled insurance company designed to insure its owners and their affiliates) either offshore (typically in a tax-free jurisdiction such as the Cayman Islands, Barbados, or Bermuda) or onshore (typically in a state with facilitating legislation). The Tax Reform Act of 1986, together with the Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986, generally tips the regulatory balance in favor of onshore captives by allowing these entities to operate as risk retention groups (RRGs).

Financial Management↗

PubMedDate not supplied

"Decknamen or pseudochemical language"? Eirenaeus Philalethes and Carl Jung.

It is impossible to investigate the historiography of alchemy without encountering the ideas of the "father of analytical psychology", Carl Jung. Jung argued that alchemy, viewed as a diachronic, trans-cultural entity, was concerned more with psychological states occurring in the mind of the practitioner than with real chemical processes. In the course of elucidating this idea, Jung draws on a number of alchemical authors from the early modern period. One of these is Eirenaeus Philalethes, the pen name of George Starkey (1628-1665), a native of Bermuda who was educated at Harvard College, and who later immigrated to London. A careful analysis of Starkey's work shows, however, that Jung was entirely wrong in his assessment of this important representative of seventeenth-century alchemy. This finding casts serious doubt on the Jungian interpretation of alchemy as a whole.

Alchemy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical efficacy of in vitro allergen-specific IgE antibody test in the diagnosis of allergic children with asthma.

Asthma is a very common respiratory allergic disease in Taiwan. The aims of this study were to investigate the allergen-sensitized profile and its relationship with serum total IgE levels in allergic asthmatic children in Taiwan. Moreover, the number of allergens to be tested for the most efficient and effective diagnosis of allergic diseases was also examined. Total IgE and IgE specific for a panel of common aeroallergens were assayed in 200 serum samples of asthmatic children using Pharmacia CAP system (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). House dust mites Der p (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), Der f (Dermatophagoides farinae), and Bt (Blomia Tropicalis) had the highest sensitized rates at 82.5%, 82.0%, and 72%, respectively. Candida albican (14.0%) and Bermuda grass (8.0%) were the most common sensitized fungus and pollen in our subjects, respectively. The accumulated sensitized rate (10%) for pollens was lower than those of fungus (21.5%) and house dust allergens (84%). The average serum total IgE of the allergen-negative asthmatic children (n=30) was significantly lower than that of children with at least one allergen sensitized asthma (n=170) (377.9 +/- 123.6 vs. 1117.8 +/- 235.7 IU/ml, p<0.05). The level of total IgE was significantly correlated with the concentrations of mite-specific IgE antibodies, but not with the numbers of allergen sensitized. In addition, the detection rate was 84% when the 4 most common allergens (Der p, Der f, Dog dander, and cockroach) were tested, similar to the result after testing for all 12.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Formation of heteroaromatic nitrogen after prolonged humification of vascular plant remains as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

In the search for the mechanisms involved in the immobilization of organic nitrogen in humified remains of vascular plants, the efforts of the present investigation were directed toward the examination of the transformation of nitrogenous compounds during the peat and coal stage by means of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. While accumulation of heteroaromatic-N is not detected in most of the studied peat layers, a clear shoulder in the chemical shift region of pyrrole- or indole-N is observed in the solid-state 15N NMR spectrum of material from the deepest (and thus oldest) peat layer underlying the sapropel from Mangrove Lake, Bermuda (10000 years). This points to the assumption that transformation of nitrogen occurs between an advanced stage of peatification and an early stage of coalification. The observed sudden alteration in nitrogen functionality indicates that continuous accumulation of newly synthesized or selectively preserved biogenic structures is not responsible for the presence of heteroaromatic-N in these fossilized deposits. It seems rather likely that abiotic conditions, occurring during advanced sediment maturation, have an effect on the observed N transformation. With increasing coalification, pyrrole-type-N becomes the dominant form in the macromolecular coal network. Pyridine-type-N was only detected in a coal of anthracite rank.

Biotransformation↗

PubMed2002

An analysis of skin prick test reactions in asthmatics in a hot climate and desert environment.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that allergens are very important sensitizing agents in patients with asthma. Respiratory disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are common in the United Arab Emirates, (UAE). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between allergen specific IgE antibodies and skin test reactivity in patients with asthma in hot climate and desert Arabian country. DESIGN: A hospital-based prospective study conducted. SETTING: Tawam Teaching Hospital, Al-Ain, UAE. PATIENTS: 327 adult patients recruited with respiratory, dermatologic and ophthalmologic diseases of suspected allergic origin who attended Tawam Teaching Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, Al Ain, UAE, during three years from 1996 to 1998. METHODS: Skin Prick Test (SPT) and radioallegosorbent tests (RAST) were performed on 327 patients for common allergens. The blood sample was taken for measuring specific IgE concentration. RESULTS: There were 327 UAE patients of whom 117 (35.8%) were males and 210 (64.2%) were females. The population sample had a higher prevalence of diagnosed asthma among females (48.1%) than in males (36.7%). Skin prick testing showed that 244 patients (74.6%) had positive results, and 83 patients (25.4%) were found to be skin test negative. 44% had a positive family history of asthma. The twelve most common reactions in the United Arab Emirates were: Mesquite (45.5%), Grass Mix (40.7%). Cottonwood (33.1%), Bermuda Grass (31.3%), Kochi (25.8%), Acacia (25.6%), Alfalfa (22.9%), Chenopodium (19.6%), Date palm (13.8%), Cockroach (14.7%), house dust (11.9) and Dust mite (9.5%). Total IgE level (> 100 kU/l) was strongly associated with history of wheeze (p = 0.019), asthma (p = 0.01) and allergic rhinitis (p < 0.0001), atopy (p < 0.0001) and the presence of specific IgE antibodies to grass pollen (p < 0.0001), mite (p = 0.008) and cockroaches (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that hypersensitivity to pollens, house dust, dust mite and cockroach was common. The family history, environment, and airborne allergens are identified to be risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases in Arabian Gulf Countries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Lactic acid-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of a steer adapted from hay feeding to a high-grain ration.

A mature, rumen-cannulated steer fed Coastal Bermuda grass hay for 8 weeks was adapted to a high-grain ration by stepwise increases in grain over a period of 4 weeks. The grain rations had concentrate-to-roughage ratios of 40:60, 70:30, and 85:15 and were fed for 10, 7, and 11 days, respectively. Numerical estimates of lactate-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of the steer the last 3 days each ration was fed were made by colony counts. Lactate-utilizing bacteria were identified as Megasphaera elsdenii, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Maximal numbers of lactate-utilizing bacteria were observed in the ruminal fluid of the steer during feeding the concentrate-to-roughage ration of 70:30.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2003

[Shelf acetabuloplasty in Legg-Perthes-Calve disease].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the contribution of shelf acetobuloplasty for the treatment of Legg-Perthes-Calve disease. MATERIAL: Eighteen children with Legg-Perthes-Calve disease were operated on between 1992 and 2001. Mean age at diagnosis was 7 years 2 months, and mean age at surgery was 8 years 5 months (range 5-13 years). Mean motion was limited -25 degrees in abduction and internal rotation preoperatively. The radiological classification was: 2 Catterall II Herring B with signs of risk for the head, 8 IIB, 1 III C, 2 IV B, 3 IV C, and 2 at the sequelar stage. Mean excentration was 6.5 mm and mean overhang was 10.2 mm. METHOD: The indication for surgery was aggravation of the excentration or advanced revascularization. An iliac graft was embedded in the supralimbic and covered with a rectus femoris tendon which, left continuous, provided elastic support. A bermuda cast was used in 17 cases and immediate weight-bearing in 11. The patients were hospitalized 36 hours. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were reviewed at mean follow-up of 3 years 2 months (2 lost to follow-up). There were no complications. Clinically, the patients were pain free. Three patients had persistent limping 10 moderate limitation of motion, and three had severe stiffness. Radiologically, head covering was good in 15 cases, and joint congruency was achieved in 15 (11 of which were concentric). Shelf acetabuloplasty was considered useful in 12 cases, not useful in 1 after complete lysis of a poorly positioned graft, and of uncertain usefulness in 3 (including 2 cases treated at the sequalar stage). DISCUSSION: Femoral osteotomy for varisation and pelvic osteotomy for reorientation or enlargement of the acetabulum are effective but have certain drawbacks (limitation of abduction, leg length discrepancy, reintervention to remove material). The excellent integration of the shelf graft at mid-term is a good sign of correct head-acetabulum adaptation, with radiological and clinical results similar to other techniques. Joint stiffness and limping are observed in very severe forms where the prognosis depends on the stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: The patients in this series have not yet all reached maturity. Shelf plasty is a rapid, easily-performed, and safe means of enabling weight-bearing in Legg-Perthes-Calve hips undergoing excentration and beginning revascularization.

Acetabulum↗