Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Baltimore”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a population-based study in Washington, DC and Baltimore, Maryland.

A population-based study of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) revealed that 20 child residents of Washington, DC and Baltimore, Maryland were hospitalized with HUS from January 1979 through September 1983. The number of cases peaked during the summer and fall; none occurred during the winter. Incidence of hospitalized cases was higher in Whites and girls than in Blacks or boys, and the average annual incidence was 1.08 cases/100,000 children less than 5 year old. This study demonstrates that HUS is not unique to the West Coast, as previously suggested.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1986

A comparison by race/ethnicity of narcotic addict crime rates in Baltimore, New York, and Philadelphia.

In an effort to provide timely information concerning the criminal activities of narcotic addicts in three different metropolitan areas, male narcotic addicts attending methadone maintenance/detoxification centers in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City participated in extensive, confidential interviews conducted between May 1983 and April 1984. The information obtained focused on the amounts and types of crimes committed during the addict's longest period of active addiction to opiates, their derivatives and synthetics, as well as his first period of nonaddiction. Crimes committed were placed in one of five categories as follows: Theft, Violence, Drug Sales, Deception/Forgery, and Other. Several different measures of criminal activity were utilized, all embodying the concept of crime-days per year at risk. Such crime-days measures involve annualizing, i.e., the number of crime-days accumulated by each subject in each category during a specified time at large in the community is expressed as crime-days per year at risk by taking the ratio of crime-days to total days at large and multiplying by 365. Addicts were compared by race/ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) within cities as well as by race/ethnicity across cities using one-way analysis of variance procedures. Addict crime rates were also compared for the period of active addiction and nonaddiction. Several mean differences by race/ethnicity within city, as well as by race across cities, were noted. Moreover, crime rates tended to be higher during the period of active addiction. In this sense, then, drugs may be said to "drive" crime.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nitrite inhalants: patterns of abuse in Baltimore and Washington, D.C.

Nitrite inhalants, as drugs of abuse, have received a new prominence in the literature since their use has been associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma and possibly other manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Changes in patterns and prevalence of use have not been investigated since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. We have examined the abuse patterns of nitrite inhalants (poppers) in several different groups. The use of poppers among drug abusers in the Baltimore-Washington, D.C. metropolitan area has remained constant over the past 5 years, with the prevalence of use being approximately 11% for recreational drug users and 22% for heavy abusers. Self-reported use by a homosexual group had decreased over the same time period. Sixty-nine percent of the homosexual sample had experience with nitrities, but only 21% had used them in the 6 months prior to being surveyed. The mean interval since last use was 25 months, and since peak use, 4.1 years. Among substance abusers, nitrites appear to be a drug whose use starts late, with the mean age of first use being 25.6 years compared to 14.6 years for glue, 17.6 years for marijuana, and 18.5 years for heroin. We found both heterosexual and homosexual groups utilize nitrites primarily to "get high," but homosexuals more often use them during overt sexual activity. Experience with amyl nitrite was much more prevalent than that with the butyl derivative in both populations. We conclude that the prevalence of nitrite abuse among drug users has not changed as a result of the AIDS epidemic, but such use appears to have decreased within the homosexual community.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Prospective seroepidemiology of hantaviruses and population dynamics of small mammal communities of Baltimore, Maryland.

We used a prospective seroepidemiological study, in conjunction with a mark-release-recapture protocol, to investigate the transmission of hantaviruses in four rodent species from Baltimore, Maryland, from June 1984 to June 1986. A total of 1,208 captures of 762 rodents provided 984 individual blood samples. The antibody prevalence, as determined by frequency of reciprocal indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers greater than or equal to 32, was 33.9% in rats (Rattus norvegicus, n = 466), 28.3% in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus, n = 67), 1.4% in house mice (Mus musculus, n = 146), and 1.2% in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus, n = 83). Populations of all rodents were maximal during the fall and winter months, but population trends were not clearly associated with periods of virus transmission. The mean incidence of seroconversion to a Hantavirus for rats was 12.06/100 rats/month, but incidence rates could not be established for other species. Rats which seroconverted were generally sexually mature animals, and there was evidence of transmission throughout the year. Animals which seroconverted to a Hantavirus achieved high IFA titers, and remained seropositive for the duration of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment work simulator: biomechanical and physiological norms for three attachments in healthy men.

OBJECTIVES: The Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator is routinely used by occupational therapists in functional capacity evaluation. Currently, there is a lack of normative data for various attachments on this instrument. The purposes of this study were to (a) establish norms for the biomechanical and physiological responses during three tasks on the BTE work simulator, namely, wheel-turn, push-pull, and overhead-reach; (b) compare these responses during the three tasks, and (c) examine the interrelationships of these responses during the tasks. METHOD: Twenty healthy men completed five testing sessions: (a) task familiarization on the BTE work simulator to identify the work intensity, which was perceived as hard on the Borg scale; (b) an incremental arm ergometer exercise test to determine their peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) and peak heart rate (pHR); and (c) one of the three tasks on the BTE work simulator for 4 min in each of the next three sessions. RESULTS: Analysis of variance indicated that torque, work, and power during the overhead-reach were significantly higher (p = .000) compared with the wheel-turn and push-pull tasks. However, no significant differences (p > .05) were observed among the tasks for the VO2 and HR, which were approximately 50% and 70% of pVO2 and pHR respectively. Although there was a significant relationship (p < .05) among tasks for the torque, work, and power, the common variance ranged only between 38% and 67%. The relative pVO2 was significantly related to work (p = .028) and power (p = .027) only during the push-pull task but not the wheel-turn and overhead-reach tasks. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that occupational therapists should include as many tasks as possible when designing functional capacity evaluation test batteries, and that there is no consistent relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and performance of various tasks on the BTE work simulator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Gender differences in work performance on the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment work simulator.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to (a) establish biomechanical and physiological normative data for healthy young women performing three tasks on the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment work simulator (BTE): wheel-turn, push-pull, and overhead-reach; and (b) compare these data with previously reported values for healthy men of a similar age group. METHOD: Twenty women completed five test sessions: (a) task familiarization on the BTE to determine the work intensity that was perceived as hard on the Borg scale, (b) incremental test on an arm crank ergometer to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO2) and peak heart rate (HR), and (c) one of the three tasks in random order for 4 min during the next three sessions. Physiological responses were monitored with a metabolic cart interfaced with an electrocardiogram. RESULTS: Torque, work, and power during the three tasks were significantly higher (p < .05) in men than in women. The absolute VO2 (L.min-1) during these tasks was higher in men, but when the VO2 was calculated relative to body weight (ml.kg-1.min-1), no significant (p > .05) gender differences were observed. Computation of energy expenditure relative to body weight and power output (cal.kg-1.W-1) indicated that women expended significantly (p < .05) more energy than men. No significant (p > .05) gender differences were observed for VO2 and HR when the values were expressed as a percentage of their respective peaks. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicated that (a) the functional work capacity is significantly lower in women than in men, (b) women are less efficient than men when the energy expenditure is expressed per unit of body weight and power output, and (c) the relative physiological stress in men and women is similar under these conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validity of the baltimore therapeutic equipment work simulator in the measurement of lifting endurance in healthy men.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the criterion validity of the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator by comparing endurance time, oxygen uptake (VO2), and heart rate measured during real and simulated lifting tasks and to derive a regression equation for predicting actual lifting endurance from measurements on the work simulator. METHOD: Twenty healthy male volunteers repetitively lifted and lowered a load of 40 lb using the BTE work simulator and actual weights at a laboratory workstation. Postures, location, and frequency of lifts were kept constant. Endurance (defined as the time taken for the rating of perceived exertion to increase 2 units on the Borg scale) was measured under both conditions. VO2 and heart rate were also recorded, using standard physiological procedures. RESULTS: The mean values for endurance time, steady-state VO2, and heart rate were significantly different between the real and simulated tasks (p < .05). Correlation of endurance time between the two tasks was significant (r = .71, p < .05). Step wise regression analysis resulted in the following equation for predicting real endurance from simulated time measurements: predicted real time = .34 simulated time + 3.29; r = .71; SE = 1.00 min. CONCLUSION: The BTE work simulator tends to overestimate real lifting endurance performance in healthy men. The lower physiological stress during the simulated task suggests a significant difference between the real and simulated loads. Occupational therapists should exercise caution when using the results of the BTE work simulator during functional capacity evaluations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Training public school teachers in population dynamics: An evaluation of the urban life-population education workshops in Baltimore.

Nine population education workshops were held for city school teachers in Baltimore, Maryland during the 1972-73 academic year. The original program schedule was modified two times, at the end of the third workshop and the sixth. Each change resulted in fewer formal presentations, more teacher discussions and greater teacher involvement in the workshop program. From the ideas generated by the workshops, curriculum units suitable for elementary and secondary school students were produced. An evaluation of the program showed that teachers' knowledge of selected demographic concepts and facts increased between the pre-workshop period and the post-workshop period. The changes were greater in the later workshops. The changes in knowledge were statistically significant. While there was some regression to pre-test levels, the teachers retained a substantiol portion of the knowledge they received when measured a second time after the workshop. High school teachers showed greater effective changes in knowledge than lower grade teachers. However, interest in population education appears to be wide-spread among all teachers including lower grade teachers. It is suggested that in the future, programs in population education consider conducting separate workshops for teachers of the same or similar grade level.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

The Baltimore Alliance for the Prevention and Control of Hypertension and Diabetes: a model for developing a colorectal cancer community outreach program.

Many diseases that account for the majority of morbidity and mortality in African Americans are also associated with racial disparity. Such diseases include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and violent injuries. Epidemiologic associations find the excess burden for these diseases to be rooted in biological, psychosocial, and socioeconomic factors. Community-based efforts often function in isolation, attempting to have impact on diseases that affect local residents; unfortunately, such programs cannot be comprehensive in their approach. Foreseeable gaps allow morbidity and mortality to continue to exist. The Baltimore Alliance for the Prevention and Control of Hypertension and Diabetes (the Alliance), based at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, provides an infrastructure where successful community-based programs that target hypertension and diabetes join together in collaborative effort. The Alliance creates an association that supports community-based efforts, helping improve the efficiency and efficacy of such programs. Such associations can help close gaps, enabling programs to have a more comprehensive impact on communities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2001

Research to support household and community IMCI. Report of a meeting, 22-24 January 2001, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy combines improved case management of childhood illness with aspects of nutrition, immunization, disease prevention, and promotion of growth and development. The household and community component of IMCI was formulated to reach the numerous sick children who are ill and often die at home without ever being treated by a trained healthcare practitioner. In January 2001, USAID (Child Health Research Project and BASICS II) and the CORE Group sponsored a meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, to determine the research needed to implement household and community IMCI effectively. This paper summarizes the presentations at that meeting and highlights the research and programme priorities expressed using the three-element approach devised by the CORE Group and USAID (BASICS II and Child Survival Technical Support Project). Research priorities to improve partnerships between health facilities and the communities they serve (Element 1) include finding ways to increase community involvement and management of health facilities, establishing accurate costs for community IMCI services, and formulating cost-recovery mechanisms tailored to local circumstances. Programme priorities in Element 1 include establishment of systems for maintenance of an adequate supply of essential equipment and medicines, while retaining access for the poor and ensuring adequate referral mechanisms for severely-ill patients that include monitoring and incentives for the performance of health workers. Research priorities to increase appropriate, accessible care and information from community-based care providers (Element 2) consist of activities to design simplified IMCI guidelines for use by community health workers (CHWs) and volunteers and evaluation of the impact of using these guidelines on morbidity and mortality. Also a priority item in this category is experimenting with ways to teach mothers and families to care for sick children at home and strategies to improve the practice of medicine in the private sector. More research is also needed to improve the quality of nutritional and preventive health counselling given by CHWs and to find ways to make community IMCI interventions sustainable. Programme priorities in Element 2 include efforts at the national level to establish policies to improve care by traditional and private care providers and to define the position of volunteer workers in the national health system. Research priorities to integrate promotion of key family practices critical for public health (Element 3) are focused on determining which interventions are the most effective in reducing child morbidity and mortality at the household and community levels, finding the best methods of delivering these interventions, and implementing these and scaling up in essential service packages. Particular issues in child health, needing urgent attention from the research and programme communities, are HIV/AIDS and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Simulated aircraft disaster instructional exercise at Baltimore-Washington International Airport.

A major, simulated aircraft disaster exercise was held in September of 1974 at the Baltimore-Washington International Airport in Maryland. The significant aspects of community involvement and specialized airport emergency planning were tested during this simulation. This paper presents an evaluation of the experience of the various elements in this exercise. The critical matter of having a system of runners to substitute for a failure within the mobile command post is stressed. Also, the importance of adequate telephone facilities for communication with the fire/rescue stations and community hospitals is highlighted. Many other small and seemingly unimportant items are found to be of considerable significance during the handling of disasters. A strong case is made for periodic disaster simulations to maintain an efficient broadly-based apparatus for handling such disasters, should they occur.

Aviation↗
PubMed2003

Controversies across continents. Report from the MS Forum Symposium, September 2002, Baltimore, USA.

The personal views of speakers from North America and Europe concerning the diagnosis and management of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) were presented at an MS Forum symposium before ACTRIM/ECTRIMS Meeting in Baltimore, USA. There were more areas of agreement than controversy and the overall impression was that MS is managed similarly across the continents. Four topics were discussed: diagnosing the clinically isolated syndrome; guidelines for using disease-modifying therapy; people who fail to respond to disease-modifying treatment; and treating the patient with rapid deterioration to disability.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Fasting respiratory exchange ratio and resting metabolic rate as predictors of weight gain: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging.

The authors followed 775 men (aged 18-98 years) participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study in Aging for an average of ten years. Resting metabolic rate and fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured by indirect calorimetry on their first visit and related to subsequent weight change. Deviations from the predicted value of resting metabolic rates (predicted from their estimated fat-free mass) were calculated. Average weight change was 0.07 kg (s.d. 6.4 kg); 122 men (15.3%) gained more than 5 kg and 40 (5.2%) more than 10 kg during the follow-up. After adjustment for initial age, body mass index, fat-free mass, and duration of follow-up, RER, but not RMR or deviations from predicted RMR, was positively related to weight change (P less than 0.001). Major weight gain (from at least 5 kg to at least 15 kg) was related to initial RER in non-obese men only (initial body mass index less than 25 kg/m2). From Cox proportional hazard regression analyses the adjusted relative risk of gaining 5 kg or more in initially non-obese men with a fasting RER of 0.85 or more was calculated to be 2.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-5.32) compared to men with a fasting RER less than 0.76. It was concluded that a relatively high fasting RER is a weak but significant predictor of substantial weight gain in non-obese white men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Longitudinal study of homosexual couples discordant for HIV-1 antibodies in the Baltimore MACS Study.

Thirty-six sexually active couples serologically discordant for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), within the Baltimore Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were assessed to determine whether evidence of HIV-1 infection could be detected in the HIV-1-antibody-negative partners and whether factors associated with lack of transmission of HIV from the seropositive to the seronegative partner could be ascertained. Six HIV-1 seropositive couples and 18 seronegative couples were followed concurrently for comparison. None of the seropositive subjects had an AIDS-defining illness at entry into the study, and all subjects were followed for 1 year. A separate evaluation of unprotected anal receptive and insertive intercourse between discordant couples indicated high-risk activities for a median of 40 months, as reported by the HIV seropositive partner. Despite this finding, none of the HIV-1 seronegative men in discordant couples had evidence of HIV-1 infection by viral culture, p24 antigen testing, or polymerase chain reaction for HIV-1 DNA. Discordant seronegatives and seropositives did not differ from concordant seronegatives and seropositives in numbers of circulating CD4, CD8, and natural killer lymphocytes or in prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus, type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, or cytomegalovirus, except that discordant seronegative men were less likely than their seropositive partners to have antibodies to herpes simplex virus, type 2. The reason for the apparent lack of HIV-1 infection in seronegative discordant individuals remains unexplained and did not appear to be associated with type of sexual activity, T-lymphocyte subsets or natural killer cells, or early stage of HIV-1 disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment Work Simulator: reliability and validity at three work intensities.

To determine test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment Work Simulator (BTE), 30 male volunteers, 18 to 30 years, performed three criterion tasks at light (CL), medium (CM), and heavy (CH) levels of intensity and three corresponding simulated tasks (SL, SM, SH), all of which were repeated on a subsequent session. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously during these tasks. Correlation coefficients between trials of the same task for VO2 (r = .74-.87) and HR (r = .58-.78) indicated significant test-retest reliability. Although criterion-simulation correlation coefficients were significant, consistently high criterion validity was found only at CL-SL (VO2, r = .81 and .83; HR, r = .88 and .95). The nature of the task may have influenced CM-SM correlations. It also appears that subjects underestimated the amount of resistance required on the BTE to simulate CH. Caution is urged in making judgments about a subject's abilities to do real work at medium and heavy intensities based only on test results from the BTE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The oral health of adults in the Baltimore SMSA study area.

This study, carried out in the region including Baltimore, Maryland, USA followed the pattern previously reported in the studies in Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Germany and Japan (Int. dent. J. 1976, 26, 317). In this area dental care is provided predominantly by payment of fees for service in private practice. Details are given of the oral health status in terms of caries, periodontal disease and loss of teeth for a group of 1142 adults aged between 35 and 45. Using the WHO stepwise regression analysis the significance of the previously reported predictors for each of the variables examined was determined. Finally a comparison is made between the present findings and those from an earlier National Health Survey carried out between 1960 and 1962. This suggests that while the caries situation may have improved over the past fifteen years, periodontal disease and loss of teeth have increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The IAIMS initiative at the University of Maryland at Baltimore.

With support from the National Library of Medicine, the University of Maryland at Baltimore is creating an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) that will serve as a prototype for academic health centers. A campus-wide undertaking, the IAIMS initiative at Maryland is characterized by its functional comprehensiveness and its planning model. The resulting strategic plan is serving as a guide in the ongoing model development within an interdisciplinary Hypertension Center.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiologic observations on infection with Toxoplasma gondii in three species of urban mammals from Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined in three species of domestic and commensal mammals, from Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Crude prevalences of infection were 14.5% in cats (N = 650), 32.2% in dogs (N = 233), and 49.5% in Norway rats (N = 109). Oocysts identical to T. gondii were detected in 0.5% of cat feces. Cats and rats showed antibody prevalence rates which were strongly age-(or some age-related variable) dependent, with the highest rates associated with older animals. Antibody prevalence increased in dogs up to three years of age, then declined slightly in older animals.

Age Factors↗