Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Appetitive Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

NPY-leptin: opposing effects on appetitive and consummatory ingestive behavior and sexual behavior.

Many studies have indicated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates and leptin inhibits food intake. In line with this, intracerebroventricular injection of NPY (10 microg) stimulated and leptin (10 microg) inhibited intake of a sucrose solution when female rats were required to obtain the solution from a bottle. However, NPY inhibited and leptin stimulated intake if the solution was infused intraorally. Thus NPY stimulates the responses used to obtain food but inhibits those used to consume food, and leptin has the opposite effects. To test the specificity of these responses the sexual behavior of male rats was examined. NPY-treated males showed minor deficits in sexual behavior but chose to ingest a sucrose solution rather than copulate with a female if offered the choice. By contrast, leptin-treated males ingested little sucrose and displayed an increase in ejaculatory frequency if given the same choice. It is suggested that NPY is not merely an orexigenic peptide, but one that directs attention toward food. Similarly, leptin may not be an anorexic peptide, but one that diverts attention away from food toward alternate stimuli.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hippocampal lesions block behavioral effects of central but not of peripheral pre-test injection of arginine vasopressin in an appetitive learning task.

The effects of peripheral and central administration of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) were examined in intact or hippocampal-lesioned mice, when administered just before the retention session of an appetitive visual discrimination task. All the subjects underwent a partial learning of this task and were tested 24 days later when a partial forgetting occurred in controls. In Expt. 1, intact mice received AVP just before the test session either subcutaneously (s.c., 1 microgram) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 1 ng). Both routes of administration resulted in an enhancement of the retention performance. In Expt. 2, bilateral lesions of the dorsal hippocampus were carried out 2 days after the end of initial learning. The lesions did not modify retrieval performance on the 24th day. In additional groups, AVP was injected in pre-test situation in lesioned animals. An s.c. AVP injection induced the same improvement of retrieval as observed in intact mice. On the contrary, i.c.v. administration of AVP accentuated forgetting in lesioned animals. In other words, hippocampal lesions reversed the effects of i.c.v. pre-test administration of AVP. The results are analyzed in terms of different mechanisms for both routes of administration of AVP.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Tiagabine reduces ethanol reward in C57BL/6 mice under acute and chronic administration regimens.

Three experiments conducted on male C57BL/6 (B6) mice examined the effects of subcutaneous injections of the GABA uptake inhibitor, tiagabine, on appetitive (lever responding) and consummatory behavior (fountain contacts) of food restricted B6 mice for 12% ethanol and water rewards (Exp-1), and for food reward (Exp-2) delivered on a fixed ratio 4 schedule of reinforcement. Effects of acute injections (1,3,6,9 mgkg) and chronic administration (6,9 mg/kg) was examined. Exp-3 examined tiagabine effects on the voluntary consumption of continuously available 12% ethanol, and on the interactive effects of tiagabine and ethanol on motor activity of non-food restricted B6 mice. Results of Exp-1 and Exp-2 indicated that tiagabine can reduce appetitive behavior for ethanol reward with no evidence of tolerance upon chronic exposure. Tiagabine doses that reduced ethanol reward had less effect on behavior maintained by either water or food, and had no effect on motor activity. In contrast to the absence of tolerance to its effect on appetitive behavior for ethanol, mice rapidly developed tolerance to tiagabine's initial reduction of the consummatory response for ethanol (Exp-1), and the intake of freely available ethanol exceeded pre-tiagabine levels after several daily injections (Exp-3). Importantly, mice developed tolerance to tiagabine's sedative effect after three daily injections and its sedation was not enhanced when combined with ethanol, an effect consistent with the lack of a tiagabine + ethanol interaction previously reported for humans. The results of the experiments suggest that in addition to reducing alcohol withdrawal symptoms, tiagabine might also reduce the potency of ethanol-conditioned cues that drive appetitive behavior for ethanol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1999

Scopolamine disruption of behavioral and hippocampal responses in appetitive trace classical conditioning.

Twelve young rabbits (3-6 months; Oryctolagus cuniculus) were classically conditioned in a trace jaw movement paradigm (300 ms tone, 450 ms trace, 200 ms intraoral water) after implantation of electrodes into area CA1 of dorsal hippocampus. Rabbits were divided into two groups and administered either 0.5 mg/kg scopolamine hydrobromide (HBr) or 0.5 mg/kg scopolamine methylbromide (MBr) subcutaneously before daily training sessions. Rabbits given HBr took significantly more trials to reach a behavioral criterion of eight conditioned responses in any nine consecutive trials than rabbits given MBr (P = 0.03). Conditioned, but not unconditioned, rhythmic jaw movement responses of the HBr group were of a lower frequency (Hz) than those of MBr rabbits (P = 0.02). The magnitude of hippocampal conditioning-related responses across the first 3 days of training was significantly smaller for HBr rabbits than for MBr rabbits (P = 0.02). These effects of central cholinergic blockade are similar to those reported for undrugged aging rabbits trained in the same paradigm (Seager MA, Borgnis RL, Berry SD. Neurobiol. Aging 1997;18(6):631 639).

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Positive and negative motivation in nucleus accumbens shell: bivalent rostrocaudal gradients for GABA-elicited eating, taste "liking"/"disliking" reactions, place preference/avoidance, and fear.

Microinjection of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol in the rostral medial accumbens shell in rats elicits appetitive eating behavior, but in the caudal shell instead elicits fearful defensive treading behavior. To further test the hypothesis that rostral shell muscimol microinjections produce positive motivational states, whereas caudal shell muscimol produces negative states, we measured behavioral place preference/avoidance conditioning and affective hedonic and aversive orofacial expressions of taste-elicited "liking" and "disliking" (gapes, etc.) in addition to fear and feeding behaviors. Farthest rostral muscimol microinjections (75 ng) caused increased eating behavior and also caused positive conditioned place preferences and increased positive hedonic reactions to the taste of sucrose. By contrast, caudal shell microinjections elicited negative defensive treading and caused robust negative conditioned place avoidance and negative aversive reactions to sucrose or quinine tastes. Intermediate rostral microinjections elicited effects of mixed positive/negative valence (positive appetitive eating behavior but negative place avoidance and negative taste reactions at mid-rostral sites, and sometimes positive eating simultaneously with fearful defensive treading more caudally). These results indicate that GABAergic neurotransmission in local microcircuits in nucleus accumbens mediates motivated/affective behavior that is bivalently organized along rostrocaudal gradients.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between self-stimulation and sniffing in rats: does a common brain system mediate these behaviors?

The relationship between brain self-stimulation and brain-stimulation induced sniffing behavior was examined at three brain sites (frontal cortex, hypothalamus and lower brain stem). In the first experiment, sniffing was elicited in the prefrontal cortex and pontine reticular formation (PRF) of anesthetized rats. These sites corresponded to reported self-stimulation sites. In non-anesthetized animals (Expt. 2), all self-stimulation sites in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) and lateral hypothalamic-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) also supported sniffing. In the PRF, this was also the case except for one subject which exhibited self-stimulation and jaw movements without sniffing. After unilateral lesions either in the MPC or PRF, stimulation-induced sniffing from the ipsilateral LH-MFB was not influenced. While MPC lesions did not affect self-stimulation either, medial PRF lesions disrupted ipsilateral self-stimulation. In summary, stimulation-induced sniffing and self-stimulation behavior appear to share strikingly similar anatomical loci, but the PRF appears to be differentially involved in these behaviors. The results were discussed from an appetitive motivational hypothesis of self-stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Ethanol and sucrose self-administration components: effects of drinking history.

Results of previous studies have shown that when rats consume higher concentrations of ethanol during initiation both the amount consumed and the pattern of consumption change with the return to a lower concentration. In this study, an across-sessions breakpoint procedure in the sipper-tube model was used to examine the effect that experience with drinking higher concentrations (a concentration manipulation) of both ethanol and sucrose had on appetitive and consummatory behaviors. A follow-up study was then conducted in the ethanol-consuming group with across-session breakpoint and intake examined before, during, and after a 3% sucrose/10% ethanol solution was presented in the sipper tube. As ethanol concentration increased, intake was not changed. Exposure to higher ethanol concentrations had no effect on the amount of 10% ethanol consumed when retested. The exposure tended to increase appetitive behavior (breakpoint), but this effect was not unique to ethanol, as rats self-administering 3% sucrose showed a similar increase. When the combined ethanol-sucrose solution was available, a significant increase in both intake and appetitive responding occurred; however, there was no change from prior intake or breakpoint when 10% ethanol was retested. That the addition of sucrose to the ethanol solution significantly increased appetitive and consummatory behaviors supports the suggestion that the composition of the alcoholic beverage can have a strong influence over the control of self-administration. Because most consumption of ethanol by human beings is in solutions that contain mixers that alter the taste of the solution, this taste factor needs to be considered in the regulation of ethanol drinking.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2006

Effects of neuropeptide Y on feeding microstructure: dissociation of appetitive and consummatory actions.

The effects of intracerebroventricular application of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) on licking microstructure for sucrose, saccharin, and water solutions were evaluated. In Experiment 1, NPY increased meal size for three sucrose concentrations (0.03 M, 0.3 M, and 1.0 M) by increasing licking burst number but not size and by extending meals more than four-fold in duration with a slow, sustained rate of ingestion in late phases of the meal. Results are consistent with the interpretation that NPY suppressed inhibitory postingestive feedback. Experiment 2 supported this conclusion. NPY significantly increased the number of meals initiated for water, 0.1% saccharin, and 1.0 M sucrose solutions, but meal size was only increased for 1.0 M sucrose. Therefore, NPY also increased appetitive feeding behaviors, but its consummatory effects were limited to caloric solutions. The results are discussed with regard to their potential to explain current discrepancies in the literature.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Regional brainstem expression of Fos associated with sexual behavior in male rats.

This study utilized Fos expression to map the distribution of activated cells in brainstem areas following masculine sexual behavior. Males displaying both appetitive and consumatory sexual behaviors (Cop) were compared to animals prevented from copulation (NC) and to socially isolated (SI) animals. Following copulation, Fos was preferentially augmented in the caudal ventral medulla (CVM), a region mediating descending inhibition of penile reflexes, and which may be regulated by a forebrain circuit that includes the medial preoptic area (MPOA). Copulation-induced Fos was observed in the medial divisions of both the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DC) and trapezoid bodies (Tz), areas which are part of a circuit processing auditory information. In addition, the medullary linear nucleus (Li) displayed comparable amounts of Fos in Cop and NC as compared to the SI animals. Other regions of the pontomedullary reticular system, which may mediate sleep and arousal, did not exhibit Fos expression associated with consumatory sexual behavior. We suggest that Fos is associated with the inhibition of sexual behavior following ejaculation in the CVM, and that auditory information arising from the DC and Tz is combined with copulation-related sensory information in the subparafasicular nucleus and projected to the hypothalamus. In addition, equal amounts of Fos expression observed in the Li in both the Cop and NC animals suggests that this region is involved in sexual arousal. Overall, the data suggest that processing by brainstem nuclei directly contributes to the regulation of mating behavior in male rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic fields mimic the behavioral effects of REM sleep deprivation in humans.

The discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by Aserinsky and Kleitman in 1953 initiated the impetus for sleep research and specifically the investigations of the effects of REM sleep deprivation (RSD) on animal and human behavior. The behavioral effects of RSD include the enhancement of motivational and "drive"-related behaviors. In laboratory animals, RSD has been reported to increase appetite, sexual behavior, aggressiveness, and locomotor activity. Moreover, RSD reportedly improves mood in patients with endogenous depression and heightens appetite and sexual interest in normal subjects. Since "drive"-related behaviors are thought to involve activation of limbic dopaminergic reward sites, RSD may enhance motivational behaviors through an action on limbic dopaminergic functions. In the present communication, we present two patients (one with multiple sclerosis and the other with Parkinson's disease) in whom treatment with magnetic fields produced behavioral effects which paralleled those observed in REM-sleep-deprived animals and humans. We propose, therefore, that the behavioral and mental effects of treatment with magnetic fields may be mediated via RSD and, by inference, involve activation of limbic dopaminergic reward sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Appetitive and consummatory male sexual behavior in Japanese quail are differentially regulated by subregions of the preoptic medial nucleus.

Central testosterone aromatization is required for the activation of both appetitive (ASB) and consummatory (CSB) male sexual behavior in Japanese quail. There are two major clusters of aromatase immunoreactive (ARO-ir) cells in the rostral forebrain; these outline the nucleus preopticus medialis (POM) and the nucleus striae terminalis (BST). We investigated the role of these nuclei in the regulation of ASB and CSB. Appetitive male sexual behavior was measured with the use of a learned social proximity procedure that quantified the time spent by a male in front of a window with a view of a female who was subsequently released into the cage, providing an opportunity for CSB. Males first acquired the response and then received bilateral electrolytic lesions aimed at the POM or BST, followed by retesting for ASB and CSB. Brain sections were stained for ARO-ir, and lesions to the two ARO-ir cell groups were quantitatively characterized. Lesions damaging the POM completely abolished CSB and also significantly decreased ASB. Lesions of the rostral BST had no effect on ASB, but moderately decreased CSB. Detailed anatomical analysis revealed that lesions of a subdivision of the POM just rostral to the anterior commissure specifically impair CSB, whereas lesions that are more rostral to this subdivision induce a severe deficit in ASB. These data indicate that different subregions of the POM regulate ASB and CSB in a somewhat independent manner, whereas the BST is only important in the regulation of CSB.

Animals↗