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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

API Listeria, a new and promising one-day system to identify Listeria isolates.

API Listeria is a new 10-test strip for 24-h biochemical identification of Listeria isolates. With this commercial system, 85% of 646 Listeria strains, including atypical isolates selected for this study, were recognized at the species and subspecies level without a complementary test. A new test differentiates Listeria monocytogenes from L. innocua on the basis of the absence of arylamidase from the former. With this system, 97.7% (252 of 258) of the L. monocytogenes strains tested were correctly identified and differentiated from 99.4% (175 of 176) of the L. innocua strains also tested. Gram-positive bacteria other than Listeria spp. gave quite different biochemical patterns. This system considerably reduced the time needed for conventional identification, since results were available within 18 to 24 h.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2001

Sacbrood virus of the honeybee (Apis mellifera): rapid identification and phylogenetic analysis using reverse transcription-PCR.

Sacbrood virus (SBV) infects larvae of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), resulting in failure to pupate and death. Until now, identification of viruses in honeybee infections has been based on traditional methods such as electron microscopy, immunodiffusion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Culture cannot be used because no honeybee cell lines are available. These techniques are low in sensitivity and specificity. However, the complete nucleotide sequence of SBV has recently been determined, and with these data, we now report a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for the direct, rapid, and sensitive detection of these viruses. RT-PCR was used to target five different areas of the SBV genome using infected honeybees and larvae originating from geographically distinct regions. The RT-PCR assay proved to be a rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic tool for the direct detection of SBV nucleic acid in samples of infected honeybees and brood regardless of geographic origin. The amplification products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis suggested the existence of at least three distinct genotypes of SBV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae with the micro-ID system versus API 20E and conventional media.

The Micro-ID system for rapid (4 h) identification of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated by testing 433 enteric bacilli and 9 other gram-negative bacilli. Each isolate was identified with conventional tubed media and was also tested in the Micro-ID and API 20E systems. The overall accuracy of both systems was 97%. Micro-ID tests for the Voges-Proskauer reaction, indole and H2S production, and ornithine and lysine decarboxylase all demonstrated a 97 to 99% correlation with conventional methods. Only 86% of the Micro-ID urease tests agreed with Christenson urea agar. Two inoculum densities were tested in Micro-ID panels, with 157 stock cultures. Over 90% of the tests were unaffected by changes in inoculum density. Tests with four control strains suggested that the Micro-ID system was more reproducible when a light inoculum was used. The Micro-ID system was found to be a very convenient method for rapid, accurate, and precise identification of the Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Rapid identification of Prototheca species by the API 20C system.

The conventional auxanographic method of testing for the assimilation of carbohydrates and alcohols by the various species of Prototheca requires at least 2 weeks of incubation at 25 to 30 degrees C before definitive results are obtained. Even though Prototheca spp., in culture as well as in fixed tissues, can be identified more rapidly by fluorescent-antibody techniques in which species-specific reagents are used, such diagnostic facilities and reagents are not available in most diagnostic laboratories. The API 20C clinical yeast identification system, a commercially available ready-to-use micromethod, was found to permit the definitive identification of P. stagnora, P. wickerhamii, and P. zopfii within 4 days.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1982

API ZYM system for identification of Bacteroides spp., Capnocytophaga spp., and spirochetes of oral origin.

A total of 80 oral strains of Bacteroides gingivalis, B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, Capnocytophaga, Treponema denticola, and T. vincentii were characterized with the API ZYM system for 19 enzyme activities. Comparison of anaerobic and aerobic incubation with nine reference strains of these organisms showed no important differences. The key differential tests for black-pigmented Bacteroides strains and treponemes of oral origin were trypsin, alpha-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. All Capnocytophaga strains produced distinctive aminopeptidase activities but varied in their glycosidic capabilities. The presence of a trypsin-like activity in B. gingivalis, T. denticola, and a group of Capnocytophaga strains may contribute to tissue destruction in periodontal disease.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1982

Enzymatic characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila complex by the API ZYM system.

Enzymatic characterization of 48 Aeromonas hydrophila complex isolates from various sources was determined with the API ZYM system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). All isolates lacked valine and cystine aminopeptidases, chymotrypsin, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-glucuronidase but possessed caprylate esterase-lipase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, phosphoamidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosidase. Variability was found in the presence of alkaline phosphatase, butyrate esterase, myristate lipase, trypsin, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-glucosidase. No significant differences were evident among the enzymatic profiles of isolates from various sources.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1983

Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci with the API STAPH-IDENT system.

A group of 300 clinically derived isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci were tested in parallel with the API STAPH-IDENT system (Analytab Products) and 14 conventional biochemical tests contained in Kloos and Schleifer's simplified scheme for identification of human Staphylococcus species. STAPH-IDENT is a miniaturized biochemical test strip that incorporates four synthetic chromogenic substrates, urea, arginine, and four carbohydrates and that requires only a 5-h test period. Use of the STAPH-IDENT system alone allowed correct or partly correct classification of 67% (201 of 300) of the study isolates. However, if a supplemental test was performed (most often novobiocin susceptibility), correct classification of an additional 25.7% (77) was possible, for a total of 92.7% of isolates identified to the species level. Species correctly identified included 94% (116 of 123) of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, 98% (63 of 64) of S. saprophyticus, 71% (34 of 48) of S. hominis, 100% (22) of S. simulans, 100% (18) of S. haemolyticus, 100% (17) of S. warneri, and 100% (8) of S. capitis. Fourteen percent (42 of 300) of profile codes encountered in this study were not included in the STAPH-IDENT profile register, but were included in Analytab Products' expanded computer data base.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1983

Clinical comparison of the AutoMicrobic system gram-positive identification card, API Staph-Ident, and conventional methods in the identification of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.

In an effort to rapidly identify coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), a clinical comparison was conducted with the AutoMicrobic system Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI) (Vitek Systems, Inc.), the API Staph-Ident (Analytab Products), and the conventional methods of W. E. Kloos and K. H. Schleifer (W. E. Kloos and K. H. Schleifer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:82-88, 1975). CNS isolates tested included 157 from blood and 33 from urine in pure culture at greater than 10(5) CFU/ml. S. epidermidis accounted for 79.6 and 60.6% of the isolates from blood and urine, respectively. S. saprophyticus was the next most frequent urine isolate (27.4%). Other CNS species were isolated from blood and urine specimens with frequencies of less than 5%. Overall, the GPI correctly identified 158 (83.2%) of the 190 CNS, whereas the Staph-Ident identified 124 (65.3%) without further testing. This resulted in the GPI and Staph-Ident correctly identifying 95.9 and 74.5% of the S. epidermidis and 100 and 33% of the S. saprophyticus, respectively. The GPI misidentified 8 (47%) of the S. hominis and S. warneri isolates as S. saprophyticus, indicating the need for novobiocin testing. These data suggest that the GPI is a more definitive method for the rapid identification of S. epidermidis than the Staph-Ident and that both systems require additional testing to identify S. saprophyticus.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Use of the API NeIdent system for identification of pathogenic Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis.

The API NeIdent system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) was evaluated for identifying Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis commonly isolated from clinical specimens. The system identified 90% of 303 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates, 71% of 113 Neisseria meningitidis isolates, and 63% of 16 Neisseria lactamica isolates but failed to identify any of 22 B. catarrhalis isolates. Testing of gonococcal strains of various auxotypes revealed no relationship between nutritional requirements and NeIdent profile numbers. With the Neisseria species, interpretation of the cinnamaldehyde-coupled beta-naphthylamine reactions was difficult and resulted in profile numbers not listed in the Profile Register. Positive resazurin-glucose reactions resulted in unlisted numbers for all B. catarrhalis strains. Inconsistent results were also obtained when 62 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were tested more than once on the strip. In all cases, profile variability and failure to identify these organisms were related to the beta-naphthylamide substrate tests. Expansion of the data base and modification of the substrate formulations or their interpretive criteria may increase the reliability of the NeIdent system for identifying Neisseria spp. and B. catarrhalis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of the 24-h API 20A anaerobe system for identification of Clostridium difficile.

Accurate identification of Clostridium difficile is important when antibiotic-associated diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis is suspected. Presumptive identification of C. difficile was made on the basis of microscopic features and colony characteristics on cycloserine, cefoxitin, fructose, and egg yolk agar medium. We studied the reliability of the 24-h API 20A anaerobe system for definitive identification of C. difficile. This system showed low dependability after the recommended 24 h of incubation by confirming the identity of only 54% of the isolates presumptively identified as C. difficile. There was a marked improvement in the system's capability after 48 h of incubation, when the identity of 95% of the isolates was confirmed.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1985

Comparative evaluation of the API 20S and AutoMicrobic gram-positive identification systems for non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and aerococci.

The API 20S system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and the AutoMicrobic Gram-Positive Identification system (GPI; Vitek Systems, Hazelwood, Mo.) were evaluated for their capacity to identify the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and aerococci to the species level. The 20S system identified 86% (six of seven strains) of nonhemolytic group B streptococci, whereas 100% of the same group B streptococcal strains were correctly identified by the GPI system. With both systems 99% (134 of 135 strains) of four species of group D enterococcus strains and 92% (24 of 26 strains) of the Aerococcus spp. strains were identified. The 20S system identified 84% (41 of 49 strains) of three species of group D non-enterococcus strains. The GPI system identified 96% of the same group D non-enterococcus strains. The 20S system identified 84% (190 of 226 strains) of 10 species of viridans streptococci; however, supplemental conventional tests were required to identify 49% (110 of the 226 strains) of the viridans strains to the species level. The GPI system identified 79% of the same viridans streptococci without the need for supplemental tests. Both systems identified 84% (161 of 192 strains) of the seven most commonly occurring viridans Streptococcus spp. The 20S system identified 82% (75 of 92 strains) and the GPI system identified 84% (54 of 64 strains) of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Supplementary rapid biochemical test panel for the API 20E bacterial identification system.

The API 20E Analytical Profile Index typically suggests three or four conventional biochemical tests to complete the identification of strains either identified to genus only or that have multiple genera consistent with the profile number. We compiled a simple panel of eight rapid (4-h) tests that can substitute for the supplementary biochemical tests recommended by Analytab Products (Plainview, N.Y.). The rapid test panel (RTP) consisted of adonitol, cellobiose, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, and xylose utilization, lysine decarboxylase activity, and motility. A total of 114 consecutive clinical isolates that required additional tests to complete the identifications were each tested with the complete RTP, as well as with the recommended conventional biochemicals. All discordant identifications were resolved by using an expanded series of conventional biochemical tests. Overall, 110 (96%) strains were identified to the correct genus, and 109 (95%) strains were identified to the correct species by using the RTP, as compared with 105 (92%) identified to the correct genus and 90 (79%) identified to the correct species with the recommended tests. The identifications based on the two supplementary test systems did not agree for 7 (6.1%) strains. Four discrepancies were resolved in favor of the RTP, and three were resolved in favor of the recommended tests. We were unable to identify five (4.4%) strains with the recommended tests and only one (0.9%) with the RTP. A majority (86%) of the test strains were identified to the species level with the RTP after only 4 h of incubation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Enzymatic characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia by API ZYM profile.

The enzymatic activities of 53 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were determined by using the API ZYM system. Strong alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, butyrate esterase, caprylate esterase, myristate lipase, leucine arylamidase, and phosphoamidase activities were consistently detected in all strains. Weak activities were observed for valine arylamidase, beta-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. No activities could be demonstrated for cystine arylamidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and alpha-fucosidase. Enzymatic activities of pseudomonads may provide useful information about their pathogenesis and information for identification of Pseudomonas species.

Chromogenic Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Identification of Yersinia species by the API 20E.

A prospective study was performed to assess the effectiveness of the API 20E in the identification of 183 Yersinia isolates incubated at 28 degrees C for 18 to 24 h. The results showed an overall correct-identification rate of 90%, with positive predictive values for Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia frederiksenii of 94 and 92%, respectively. Yersinia intermedia results were unacceptable.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of Vitek Gram-Positive Identification system with API Staph-Trac system for species identification of staphylococci of bovine origin.

Staphylococci (n = 130) of bovine origin representing 14 species were evaluated. Agreements of Vitek and API systems with conventional methods were 44.6 and 80.8%, respectively. The poor performance of the Vitek system was attributed primarily to inability to identify S. chromogenes. Incorporation of additional veterinary strains into the Vitek data base is needed to increase accuracy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the API Coryne system for identification of Listeria species.

The API Coryne system, a commercially available system for the identification of coryneform bacteria, was used to identify 103 strains of Listeria spp. from clinical and environmental sources. All isolates were identified correctly to the genus or species level, although complete characterization also required tests for beta-hemolysis and CAMP reaction.

Listeria↗