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PubMed1982

Comparison of fluorescent antibody technique and conventional staining methods in diagnosis of cervico-facial actinomycosis.

Eight formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies with a histopathology suggestive of actinomycosis, were tested with fluorescent antibody technique using antiserum specific against Actinomyces israelii. The method was found effective even in decalcified tissue material. Positive fluorescent staining resulted, not only in the colonies but also in the surrounding cells, suggesting the presence of intracellular Actinomyces antigens. The possibility of retrospective biopsy study is very helpful in cases of prolonged infections. Grocott's stain was found to be most effective conventional method for screening suspected actinomycosis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1980

Deep actinomycosis in childhood.

Visceral actinomycosis is extremely rare in childhood. Two cases of visceral actinomycosis in children are described, and the importance of accurate mycological diagnosis and early treatment emphasized. The outcome in one case would very probably have been fatal had the diagnosis not been considered promptly, and in the other the child would have received ineffective chemotherapy. A new observation is the presence of a defective immune response during the acute infection which returns to normal during convalescence.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2001

Thoracic actinomycosis (arcanobacteriosis) or nocardiosis causing thoracic pyogranuloma formation in three dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To describe three cases of canine thoracic actinomycosis (arcanobacteriosis) or nocardiosis in which the primary pathological lesion was a pyogranulomatous abscess in the mediastinum. Clinical signs, difficulties in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are examined. Comparisons are made between human and veterinary literature to assist in formulating a rational treatment plan. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. PROCEDURE: Review of case records from 1984 to 1998. RESULTS: Three dogs presented with large intrathoracic pyogranulomas producing variable clinical signs, not necessarily associated with the respiratory tract. Ages ranged from 2 to 5 years old. Two dogs responded to surgical opening and passive drainage of the abscess, or surgical excision of the granuloma with associated structures, and medical therapy. One dog died intra-operatively. CONCLUSION: A combination of surgical and antimicrobial therapy may carry a fair-to-good prognosis for thoracic granuloma caused by actinomycosis (arcanobacteriosis) or nocardiosis. The extent of surgery should be based on assessment of individual cases and must include surgical biopsy for histology and culture to enable a specific diagnosis to be made. Complete surgical excision is not necessarily required. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy is indicated.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

Actinomycosis of the orbit.

Actinomycosis is a very rare cause of orbital abscess usually attributable to direct spread from adjacent structures. A case of actinomycosis of the orbit is presented, which was treated as orbital pseudotumour for 3 months before progression of signs and symptoms, despite high dose steroids, led to the diagnosis being reconsidered.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2004

Cardiac actinomycosis in a patient presenting with acute cardiac tamponade and a mass mimicking pericardial tumour.

A case of pericardial actinomycosis mimicking a pericardial tumour is reported. After the appearance of non-specific subpleural pulmonary nodules, a 48 year old woman presented with fever and clinical signs of pericardial tamponade. Subxiphoid pericardiotomy yielded a culture negative fluid and inflammatory reactive histopathology in the pericardial biopsy specimen. Because of suspected infection cefamandole was administered for 10 days and the patient became afebrile. The pericardial effusion recurred with no clinical signs two weeks later. Steroid medication resulted in rapid regression of the pericardial effusion. Subsequent echocardiography controls showed a tumour-like pericardial mass, confirmed by cardiac magnetic imaging. Surgical exploration led to the final histological diagnosis of actinomycosis. After high dose and long term penicillin G treatment the patient recovered fully with no recurrence during two years' follow up.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1995

Actinomycosis presenting as carcinoma.

Actinomycosis is rare compared to carcinoma, but the two conditions can present with very similar clinical pictures. Two cases of actinomycosis are reported, one thoracic and one pelvic-abdominal which presented as carcinoma and proceeded to surgery without a histological diagnosis having been established.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1996

Transphrenic dissemination of actinomycosis.

Thoracic actinomycosis is an uncommon disease and often presents difficulty in diagnosis. Two cases are presented in which thoracic actinomycosis produced fistulae between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Surgical drainage and high dose penicillin for at least 4-6 months was the treatment of choice.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2005

Actinomycosis infection of the finger.

Actinomycosis is a rare cause of infection in the hand. We report a case of actinomycosis infection involving proximal phalanx, with the clinical presentation mimicking that of a bony neoplasm.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary actinomycosis. A report of three cases.

The diagnosis of thoracic actinomycosis is readily made when the patient presents with the constellation of poor oral hygiene, pulmonary infiltrates, empyema, sinus tracts, and osteomyelitis of the ribs. However, in the absence of rib and chest wall involvement, the disease may be overlooked. Three cases of primary pulmonary actinomycosis are presented showing three different pulmonary forms of the disease and comprising (a) subacute patchy pulmonary infiltrates, (b) a cavitary lesion simulating tuberculosis, and (c) a central mass lesion simulating bronchogenic carcinoma.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2001

Renal actinomycosis mimicking renal carcinoma.

The case of a 52-year-old man is reported who presented with night sweats and slight debilitation. Upon CT scan a left-sided renal mass with centrally liquefied areas was detected. The patient underwent nephrectomy for suspected renal cancer with central necrosis. Histologically, the diagnosis of renal actinomycosis was established based on the detection of sulphur granules. Actinomyces israelii is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that may cause localized tumour-like infections mainly in the craniocervical region and exceptionally retroperitoneally. Renal actinomycosis is a rare differential diagnosis of renal masses. As nephrectomy may prove hazardous in these cases, the diagnosis should be attempted pre-operatively by ultrasound-guided aspiration and consecutive antibiotic treatment. In selected cases surgery could be avoided at all.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2003

Lung, pleural and colon actinomycosis in an immunocompromised patient: a rare form of presentation.

Actinomycosis is caused by gram-positive filamentous organisms of the genus Actinomyces, which may spread through trauma. Most commonly, it is a cervicofacial disease due to dental infection or a thoracic disease secondary to aspiration of foreign bodies. Primary abdominal infection usually follows some form of mucosal disruption. Any organ of the human body may be involved so that a wide range of symptoms may be present. We report a rare form of actinomycosis involving the lung, pleura and colon concomitantly in an immunocompromised patient. A fine needle aspiration from a lung lesion detected the characteristic sulfur granules, and a pleural effusion culture confirmed the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations and treatment are discussed. Actinomycetes are rarely opportunistic agents in immunocompromised patients; thus the disease deserves special attention in those patients.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1992

Paraurethral actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis of the genitourinary tract is rare. Herein we report a case of actinomycosis of the urethra following staged hypospadia repair. Pathophysiology and treatment options of this rare lesion are discussed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1982

Thoracic actinomycosis caused by actinomyces meyeri.

Two patients with chest infections caused by Actinomyces meyeri were seen during a 5-yr period. One patient was ill for 2 yr and had chronic infection manifested by bilateral cavitary and fibrotic changes on chest roentgenogram. A. meyeri was isolated from a chest wall lesion, transtracheal aspirate, and lung tissue. The other patient presented with a subcutaneous abscess of the left hip that yielded A. meyeri on culture. A localized lung infection and empyema were found. Both patients had other aerobes or anaerobes recovered from material haboring A. meyeri, a frequent finding in actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii. To our knowledge, thoracic actinomycosis caused by A. meyeri has not been previously described.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Actinomycosis: masquerader in the head and neck.

The diagnosis of cervicofacial actinomycosis is usually not simple, but may be essential for adequate treatment. Cases seen in a Head and Neck Service illustrate some of the many guises under which actinomycosis may be concealed, and a review of recent literature confirms its propensity to be a masquerader. A combination of techniques is necessary to diagnose, and both surgical and medical approaches are needed to treat this often distressingly persistent affliction.

Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial↗
PubMed1985

Thoracic actinomycosis in childhood.

A 14-year-old boy presenting with a chest wall mass, pulmonary infiltrate, and scoliosis was found to have thoracic actinomycosis with distal vertebral involvement. Review of the medical literature for the past 25 years revealed only 23 other pediatric cases of thoracic actinomycosis. Clinical, standard radiological, and microbiological findings can be nonspecific. The diagnosis is dependent on a high index of suspicion. A long course of penicillin is the treatment of choice. Body computed tomography is a useful diagnostic aid and is helpful also in evaluating response to therapy.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2004

Actinomycosis: an often forgotten diagnosis.

We report a case of actinomycosis presenting as a chest wall mass in a 35 year-old man. Thoracic actinomycosis poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians not only because it is uncommon and often forgotten, but also because culture of the causative microbes is technically difficult. The classic microscopic appearance of this Gram-positive bacteria associated with surrounding sulfur granules often forms the basis of diagnosis.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1999

Magnetic resonance imaging of actinomycosis presenting as pelvic malignancy.

Pelvic actinomycosis is associated with long-standing use of an intrauterine contraceptive device and may present with clinical signs and symptoms of pelvic malignancy. Diagnostic imaging can confirm the presence of a pelvic mass and tissue infiltration but findings are often non-specific. We present a case of pelvic actinomycosis with tubo-ovarian abscess in which magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated lower signal intensity tissue on T2 weighted sequences than would be typical for pelvic malignancy or infection and was useful in confirming regression of pelvic disease in response to antibiotic therapy.

Actinomycosis↗