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Results for “ABDOMINAL NEOPLASMS”

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PubMed1998

Abdominal presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma in an HIV-positive patient.

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has greatly increased in the AIDS population. It has been estimated that 8% to 27% of newly diagnosed cases of NHL are related to AIDS. The vast majority are clinically aggressive B cell-derived lymphomas. AIDS-associated NHLs are classified according to their anatomic site of location into three classes: (1) systemic (both nodal as well as extranodal), (2) primary central nervous system, and (3) body cavity-based lymphomas. We present a case report of a patient with HIV infection who presented with abdominal pain and distension and was found to have an intraabdominal type of Burkitt's lymphoma. This case underlines the following points: 1. In the evaluation of acute abdominal disease in a patient with AIDS, both AIDS-related infections as well as malignancies should be sought in the differential diagnosis. 2. Computed tomographic scanning of the abdomen is the modality of choice for characterization of disease as well as direction of appropriate therapy. 3. AIDS-related NHL remains an important biologic model for investigating the development and progression of lymphomas in the immune-deficient host. 4. With the improved survival of patients with AIDS secondary to better prevention and treatment of infections, there may be an increase in AIDS-associated malignancies; therefore, further research pertaining to the development and characterization of therapy modalities of such malignant tumors is mandatory.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic laparoscopy.

Laparoscopy is a unique procedure which can be used in diagnostic or therapeutic situations involving intra-abdominal pathology. Until recently, open laparotomy has been the preferred method for such evaluations. The following cases indicate the increased sensitivity, specificity, safety, and cost effectiveness of laparoscopy in diagnostic situations.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Abdominal wall reconstruction with the free tensor fascia lata musculofasciocutaneous flap using intraperitoneal gastroepiploic recipient vessels.

The authors report their experience with a method for definitive abdominal wall reconstruction using the free tensor fascia lata musculofasciocutaneous flap anastomosed to the intraperitoneal gastroepiploic vessels. This is a single-stage reconstruction capable of reconstructing reliably a full-thickness defect involving any region of the abdominal wall. The fascial component of the flap reconstructs the abdominal wall with like tissue, and the cutaneous portion of the free tensor fascia lata provides a durable and aesthetically acceptable external cover. The intraperitoneal gastroepiploic artery and vein were the first-choice recipient vessels used in all three patients. These intraperitoneal recipient vessels allow uninterrupted fascial closure, restoring structural integrity to the abdominal wall, and allow the use of free flaps with short vascular pedicles. The authors present a series of three cases of full-thickness upper and lower abdominal wall reconstruction using this method, presenting its advantages compared with other methods.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Abdominal wall neuroma pain after breast reconstruction with a transverse abdominal musculocutaneous flap: cause and treatment.

Breast reconstruction with either a pedicled or microvascular transfer of the transverse rectus abdominus musculocutaneous flap, whether with or without the muscle, is now the standard of care when patients choose an autologous form of reconstruction. Complications related to flap loss and abdominal wall weakness have been well described. Complications related to painful neuromas of the intercostal nerves, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves have not been described previously. The diagnosis and treatment of pain related to neuromas of the abdominal wall is discussed in this paper.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Surgery is inadvisable: massive varicocele due to portal hypertension.

The pathophysiology of idiopathic varicoceles as a dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus has been traced to anatomical and embryological development, but is still unclear. Right or non-decompressible lesions are worrisome for retroperitoneal pathology, such as renal cell carcinoma, hydronephrosis, abdominal neoplasm or fibrosis. As a very rare finding we describe a patient who presented with an exorbitant left sided varicocele due to portal hypertension. We were well advised to avoid surgery.

Contraindications↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian cysts in ten guinea pigs.

Ten guinea pigs with an ovarian cyst had clinical signs of anorexia, alopecia, or depression. Ultrasonographic features of the 2- to 3-cm diameter fluid-filled cysts included compartmentalization and connection to the ovary. In two animals, a unilateral cyst was present, and in two others, the cysts were bilateral. Diagnosis of the disease by plain radiography is difficult because of the similar opacity of ovarian cysts, abdominal neoplasms, and trichobezoars.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Mesenteric fibromatosis with ureteric stenosis.

We report a case of a 37 year old man who presented with vomiting and colicky abdominal pain and who was found to have microscopic haematuria. Radiological-examination showed a right hydronephrosis apparently caused by a paracaecal tumour extending to involve the right ureter. This was resected and proved histologically to be a mesenteric fibromatosis. The patient has none of the factors predisposing to the development of this lesion, in particular Gardner's syndrome. Eight months following surgery he appears to have made a full recovery. Previous publications on this rare intra-abdominal neoplasm are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The modification of gastrointestinal tolerance and responses to abdominal irradiation by chemotherapeutic agents.

Groups of male DBA/2 mice were irradiated with partial abdominal exposures of x radiation ranging from 100 to 1,600 rads. Concomitant with radiation exposure and at 1 or 4 hours prior to, and at 1, 6, 24, or 48 hours after irradiation, various chemotherapeutic agents were administered, i.e., methotrexate, Cytoxan, adriamycin and BCNU. The results suggest that excessive gastrointestinal toxicity may result if aggressive chemotherapy is closely spaced with radiation exposure for the treatment of abdominal neoplasms. However, adjustment of dose and time patterns based on the proliferative responses of the mucosa may circumvent such toxicity to a large extent.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Abdominal pain: coronal reformations from isotropic voxels with 16-section CT--reader lesion detection and interpretation time.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess if reader detection of intraabdominal pathologic findings on coronal reformations from isotropic voxels at 16-section computed tomography (CT) was similar to reader detection on transverse scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study, and a waiver of informed consent was obtained. Twenty-nine consecutive patients (12 men, 17 women; mean age, 48 years; age range, 21-93 years) with abdominal pain underwent 16-section CT with coronal reformations. Eight independent readers reviewed randomized scans (transverse and coronal) and identified pathologic findings in multiple organ systems. Timing for each interpretation was recorded. One month later, readers reviewed the scan reformatted in the other imaging plane. Agreement between transverse and coronal scans was measured by using Cohen kappa coefficients. RESULTS: Agreement was moderate to near perfect between transverse and coronal interpretations for intraabdominal anatomic and pathologic findings (kappa=0.59-1.00). For transverse interpretations, more thoracic pathologic findings were noted than for coronal interpretations; for coronal interpretations, more lymph nodes were noted than for transverse interpretations. Mean transverse interpretation time was 4.9 minutes+/-1.1 (standard deviation) (range, 2.9-6.5 minutes); mean coronal interpretation time was 5.1 minutes+/-0.8 (range, 3.3-6.7 minutes). For each reader, there was no statistically significant difference in interpretation time between transverse and coronal scans (P=.06). CONCLUSION: With regard to the presence of intraabdominal pathologic findings, coronal reformations from isotropic voxels are similar to transverse scans in terms of interpretation time and reader agreement.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma.

Sixteen cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract were reviewed because of some controversy concerning its proper management. An intraabdominal disease staging system with prognostic correlation was used. Treatment employed was either (biopsy plus) irradiation alone or surgical resection of abdominal neoplasm with postoperative radiotherapy. Conventional megavoltage locoregional or subtotal/whole abdomen irradiation with an often given total dosage of 3,000-4,000 cGy up to 5.5 weeks was applied. Overall 4-year disease-free survival rate was 71%. Operative removal of neoplasm appeared important for an improved prognosis. Definitive radiotherapy alone did not have a dismal outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative psychological disturbance in patients with pancreatic and gastric cancer.

One hundred and seven patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and 111 patients with advanced gastric cancer, stratified for key medical and sociodemographic variables, were assessed with the Profile of Mood States before beginning combination chemotherapy in a national cancer clinical trials group. The pancreatic cancer patients had significantly higher self-ratings of depression, tension-anxiety, fatigue, confusion-bewilderment, and total mood disturbance; no difference was found in vigor or anger-hostility. These data support prior observations that patients with advanced pancreatic cancer experience significantly greater general psychological disturbance than patients with another type of advanced abdominal neoplasm.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Subacute pulmonary hypertension and systemic tumour embolism from cervical cancer.

Venous tumour embolization is not unusual in malignant disease (1-3) usually in the form of individual cells or small clumps. Malignant cells in the pulmonary vasculature are therefore not an uncommon finding, especially in patients with abdominal neoplasms (4-7). Arterial emboli from a malignant tumour are, however, rare (8, 9), particularly peripheral ones (9, 10) and those sufficiently large to cause organ infarction. An unusual case of pulmonary and widespread systemic tumour embolization from carcinoma of the cervix is described in which systemic dissemination of tumour emboli had apparently resulted from transpulmonary passage, without the development of pulmonary metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Palliation by coeliac plexus block for upper abdominal visceral cancer pain.

Palliation of cancer related pain is one of the major concerns of patients suffering from cancer of the upper abdominal organs. The non-availability of imaging techniques to guide needle placement prompted us to use a blind technique of neurolytic coeliac plexus block. Thirty consecutive patients with intractable pain, due to documented inoperable upper abdominal visceral cancers, underwent neurolytic coeliac plexus block by blind percutaneous retrocrural unilateral neurolysis. The severity of pain was documented on a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) performed pre-block and post-block at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Pain relief was graded as excellent if the score was 0-2, good when VAS was 3-5, satisfactory whenVAS was 6-7 and unsatisfactory if VAS was 8-10. Excellent pain relief was obtained in 26/30 patients (86.6%). Relief from pain diminished with time and after 3 months, 16/30 patients (53.35) graded their pain relief as excellent. Transient but severe hypotension complicated 73% of blocks. Despite the proximity of vital structures, blind unilateral retrocrural neurolytic coeliac plexus blockade is a safe and effective means to relieve the terminal pain associated with upper abdominal visceral cancer. It deserves more widespread use in patients with upper abdominal cancer. Results of the present study are encouraging and relevant for clinicians working in developing countries.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coeliac plexus block for upper abdominal cancer pain.

The use of coeliac plexus block (CPB) to relieve intractable pain owing to upper abdominal malignancy is well established. Significant relief of pain is reported in 70-90% of patients, allowing a reduction in opioid use and in the occurrence of opioid-related side effects (Eisenberg et al, 1995; Prasanna, 1996). Duration of relief varies, but the majority of patients experience relatively pain-free deaths (Patt, 1993). CPB is a relatively safe procedure, and although it is associated with common adverse effects such as diarrhoea, hypotension and local pain, these are mostly transient. However, severe complications, including paraplegia, have been reported. When CPB is performed, nurses should be aware of these potential complications and their management.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗