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Results for “social functioning”

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PubMed1979

Social rehabilitation following hip fractures.

A prospective 6 months' study of 518 patients with hip fractures was undertaken. The patients were classified into four social function groups on admission to hospital and again at the follow-up, according to their dependence on home-help and other services of the social welfare system. This dependency increased with the age of the patients. Life tables for the case material showed that the mortality depended more on pre-fracture social function than on age. At the follow-up, the risk of death or increased social dependency among primarily independent patients was found to be 38 per cent compared with 48 per cent among slightly dependent patients and 62 per cent in moderately dependent patients. A total of 17 per cent of the surviving patients admitted from home became nursing home patients. The pre-fracture social assessment determined the end-result to a greater extent than the age at the time of fracture. About 75 per cent of the patients discharged to their homes maintained their social function compared with 68 per cent of the patients discharged to a convalescent home and 47 per cent of the patients discharged to rehabilitation clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Social dysfunction and anxiety.

A sample of 44 male and female adults, newly admitted to outpatient clinics at a large community mental health center, was given the Denver Community Mental HEALTH Questionnaire on social functioning, the abbreviated version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale. The results indicate that impairment of social functioning, as well as personality disturbance and excessive change, is strongly associated with anxiety. The outcome implies that effective treatment must include social and vocational training in addition to psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The social revolution in health services.

In the past, health care was predominantly curative and was directed mostly at the individual. It largely neglected the community and the true object of health services, i.e. to improve the health of the entire population. A comprehensive health service should meet all the health needs of a community and should not be orientated solely towards disease and hospital care. The importance of community participation in the social rehabilitation of individuals recovering from mental or organic diseases is emphasized, and the role of primary health care in helping to relieve pressure on hospital services by caring for more people at the community level should be recognized. In training health personnel greater emphasis needs to be placed on promoting more flexible attitudes of mind to fit professional skills covering all problems confronting the community. The social function of health services should be recognized and accepted in order to ensure that health technology is developed and applied in harmony with this social function.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1979

Reintegrating the mentally ill in the community.

Substantial reductions in the in-patient census of state hospitals throughout the United States have led to the concentration of large numbers of formerly mentally ill individuals in sheltered living arrangements in local communities. These efforts represent a major change in providing care for the long-term chronic patient. How is the life of this individual affected by community placement? A survey was completed of 499 residents in 234 facilities representing all formerly hospitalized non-retarded mental patients between 18 and 65 years old in California's sheltered care facilities. Results indicate that the social functioning of individuals in the external community is enhanced primarily by the characteristics of the community in which they are placed. In contrast, the social functioning of individuals within the immediate environment of their sheltered living arrangements is most affected by the character of the placement itself. The particular characteristics of communities and facilities found to be most important in addition to the characteristics of the residents which impact on social integration are discussed in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Shortening hospital stay for psychiatric care: effect on patients and their families.

A one-year cohort of patients from a defined catchment area with acute functional disorders were allocated at random to brief care (experimental group) or standard care (control group) in hospital to examine the effect of shortening hospital stay on the clinical and social functioning of patients and the distress abnormal functioning caused to others. A total of 127 patients were interviewed on entry to the study, and 106 were followed up. The brief care group had significantly shorter mean and median lengths of stay than the control group, but there was no difference between the groups in the number of days spent in hospital during subsequent admissions. The groups were well matched for clinical and social variables. Rates of improvement over 13 weeks were essentially the same by all measures of outcome, including the Present State Examination and Patient's Behaviour Assessment Scale, which was developed for the study to measure deterioration in behaviour and social functioning and adverse effects and distress on others. There was no difference between the two groups in burden to the community supporting services, social security requirements, or GP attendances. Improvement rates were nearly identical on all measures within and across diagnostic subgroups. Brief care resulted in a 33% reduction in average length of stay compared with the year before but was associated with a corresponding increase in day hospital use. The short-stay policy continued the year after the study finished.The findings confirm the value of shortening hospital stay and improving day care facilities for most localities.

Attitude↗
PubMed1977

Social disability in chronic psychiatric patients.

The authors measured the social functioning of 147 chronic psychiatric patients using a rating scale originally devised for use with the mentally retarded, the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). They found that social deficits were more widespread and generally more severe among chronic psychiatric patients than among institutionalized mentally subjects. Chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic patients showed the most comprehensive deterioration; other groups, such as neurotic patients, women, and the elderly, had more limited impairments. The authors suggest that the ABS can be useful in establishing the limits of social functioning of chronic psychiatric patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Training of personnel for mental health teams].

The mental disorder is a biopsychosocial phenomenon. Starting from this idea, this paper suggests the active participation of every psychiatric professional with the organizated help of community groups, specially trained in mental health matters. A double social function is obtained by this: 1) programmed public training, and 2) practical performance in the assistence field of the same community. In Chile, in general, two social stratus are distinguished; the european culture (middle and upper class) and the popular aboriginal culture (working and rural class). Both have their own pattern about medicine: the european culture, based on the scientific concept, and the popular one based on the magic-religious thoughts. Between them, there exists a barrier. On the one hand, there is not sufficient scientific medical assistence on a national level; on the other hand, the popular medicine is precarious, but more effective in its social function (low cost, availability, absence of bureaucracy, human contact, comprehensible language of medicasters, etc.). The Integral Mental Health Programme objective, in this point, is to join a minimum of the popular medicine sociological structure with the actions of the scientific medicine. Interaction between these will be produced according to the transculturation principles. Patterns for training the 5 levels of the functions delegation are given.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Hospital vs community (foster) care for psychiatric patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of foster care preparation and placement. Five hundred seventy-two patients from five hospitals were randomly assigned to foster care preparation (experimentals) or continued hospitalization (controls). They were studied before assignment, at placement of experimental subjects, and four months later regarding social functioning, mood, activity, and overall adjustment. Hospitals averaged two months preparing experimental subjects, resulting in 73% placed in foster care. Little change was observed between referral and placement. However, four months after placement, experimental subjects were significantly improved over controls, particularly in social functioning and adjustment. After four months, 88% of the foster care subjects were in the community. Findings suggest that attention should be given to selection criteria, that lengthy preparation may be unnecessary, and that foster care is superior to hospitalization for patients who cannot return to their own homes.

Emotions↗
PubMed1979

The social effects of craniofacial deformity and its correction.

A survey of our first 50 patients having craniofacial surgery was done. An attempt was made to determine the impact of facial deformity on social function for both the patient and his family and how function was altered by surgical correction. This was accomplished by a uniform series of questions. All patients were at least one year postoperative. The results emphasize that facial deformity played a dominant role in patients' lives prior to surgery and that surgical intervention led to improved social functioning in a number of areas. Meaningful data was collected on three groups of patients: 11 adults, 18 adolescents, and 17 children. Changes perceived were strikingly different in the three groups. Eight-seven percent of all patients would make the decision to have surgery again, and at least 50 percent had objective evidence of improved function. However, the survey also suggests that the extreme stress produced by the treatment may create family problems for which support is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Day treatment and psychotropic drugs in the aftercare of schizophrenic patients. A Veterans Administration cooperative study.

Schizophrenic patients referred for day treatment at the time of discharge from ten hospitals were randomly assigned to receive day treatment plus drugs or to receive drugs alone. They were tested before assignment and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months on social functioning, symptoms, and attitudes. Community tenure and costs were also measured. The ten day centers were described on process variables every six months for the four years of the study. Some centers were found to be effective in treating chronic schizophrenic patients and others were not. All centers improved the patients' social functioning. Six of the centers were found to significantly delay relapse, reduce sumptoms, and change some attitudes. Costs for patients in these centers were not significantly different from the group receiving only drugs. More professional staff hours, group therapy, and a high patient turnover treatment philosophy were associated with poor-result centers. More occupational therapy and a sustained nonthreatening environment were more characteristic of successful outcome centers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The St John's randomized trial of the family practice nurse: health outcomes of patients.

From June 1975, to May 1976, in a large family practice in St. John's, Newfoundland, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a family practice nurse. Effectiveness was assessed using standardized health outcome measures of physical, emotional, and social function which could be applied easily and objectively by non-clinicians to the two groups of patients under study: patients receiving conventional care and patients receiving care from the family practice nurse. After establishing the comparability of these two groups of patients at the beginning of the study, these measurements showed similar levels of physical, emotional, and social function in the two groups after 1 year of receiving either family practice nurse or conventional care. These results agree with previous controlled trials of family practice nurses which have indicated that family practice nurses are effective and safe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of hyperactivity in elementary school children as a function of social system definers.

This study seeks to reconcile the widely varying estimates of prevalence of hyperactivity in children. Parents, teachers, and physicians were asked to identify hyperactive children in a sample of some 5000 elementary school children. Approximately five percent were considered hyperactive by at least one defining system; only one percent were considered hyperactive by all three definers. Prevalence rates were relatively constant from kindergarten through fifth grade.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1977

Alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning in social drinkers.

Performance by social drinkers on tests of abstracting and adaptive abilities was negatively associated with the amount of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion. The pattern was strongest in heavy drinkers but was also evident in light and moderate drinkers.

Adult↗