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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Treatment with a position feedback-controlled head stabilizer.

A position feedback-controlled head stabilizer has been developed to provide cerebral palsied individuals with resistive exercise to strengthen the neck musculature. This apparatus detects "involuntary" head motion and stabilizes the head by applying opposing forces; it also can be used to facilitate muscular contraction by resisting the subject's voluntary movements. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether voluntary head control in cerebral palsied individuals can be improved through systematic exercise using the stabilizer to strengthen the muscles of the neck and improve their balance of action. The findings support the author's contention that this is possible. The apparatus consists of a helmet and shoulder pads, interconnected so that the head is supported in the helmet by a manipulator arm. At its lower end, the manipulator arm is attached to the shoulder pad mounting frame via a gimbal assembly which allows head movement in two planes of tilt (pitch, or forward-and back, and roll, or side-to-side). Feedback control circuitry is so arranged that any deviation of the head from the desired position leads to actuation of pneumatic cylinders, which apply torques to the manipulator gimbal axes so as to oppose or conteract the incipient head movement. It is particularly significant that none of these patients participating in these experiments were at all apprehensive about or resisted being placed in the apparatus. (Even the youngest subject to use the apparatus--five year old-- did not mind being restrained by the shoulder pads or having his head gripped by helment.) While JG utilized the safety release valve quite often during the first few head control training sessions, he soon became confident enough in the action of the stabilizer that he did not even bother to grip the handle of the release valve. While DA had the action of safety valve explained and demonstrated for her, she never bothered to use it even from the outset of her experience with the stabilizer. Thus, it seems that the football shoulder pads use to stabilize the shoulders and the hockey helmet used to grip and manipulate the head actually make the apparatus attractive to younger patients, while the padding thereby provided makes it comfortable enough to be tolerated well by older individuals. And, the subject's knowing that he has an override control by means of which he can assert command over the entire system appears to be of psychological benefit in establishing confidence in both the apparatus and the investigator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Musculocutaneous nerve injury after heavy exercise.

Three cases of musculocutaneous nerve injury distal to its innervation of the coracobrachialis muscle are reported. The syndrome typically features painless weakness of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, sensory loss in the distal volar forearm, a history of recent vigorous upper extremity resistive exercise, and resolution of the problem on resting the affected extremity. In all three reported cases the dominant arm was involved. The condition should not be confused with C-5 or C-6 radiculopathy, brachial plexopathy, or rupture of the biceps brachii muscle belly or tendon.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Exercise prehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients proposed for definitive chemoradiotherapy: The FIT4TREAT randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) initially scheduled for definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) often experience early functional decline and deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) even before treatment initiation. Evidence for prehabilitation in this non-surgical setting remains limited. This study evaluated whether exercise prehabilitation (EP) initiated before CRT improves functional capacity compared with usual care (UC). METHODS: FIT4TREAT (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05418842) was a prospective, single-center, randomized clinical trial. Adults with HNC proposed for definitive CRT were randomly assigned (1:1) to EP or UC. EP consisted of supervised combined aerobic and resistance exercise performed three times per week from baseline until radiotherapy initiation. The primary outcome was the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) at the end of the pre-treatment period. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength, lower-limb functionality, body composition, and HRQoL assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HN43. RESULTS: Between May 2021 and February 2025, 47 patients were enrolled; 40 were included in the primary analysis. After adjustment for baseline 6MWD and the randomization stratification variables, EP resulted in a significantly greater pre-treatment 6MWD than UC (adjusted between-group difference, 28.6&#xa0;m; 95&#xa0;% CI, 4.1-53.1; P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.023). EP also improved lower-limb functionality (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001) and was associated with better preservation in the QLQ-C30 summary score (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.008), social functioning (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.038) and body image (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.011). CONCLUSION: EP before definitive CRT improves functional capacity and may help preserve HRQoL in patients with HNC, supporting its potential integration into routine oncology care.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Injuries of the cervical spine in football.

The neck is a vulnerable area in contact sports in general and in football in particular. The type of injuries encountered often vary with the age and development of the players. Five well-established mechanisms of injury have been identified. Most injuries appear to occur during the act of tackling when the well protected head sustains violent trauma which is transferred directly to the neck. The most dangerous single mechanism is that of flexion, but lateral deviation, extension and impaction also have been identified as mechanisms of injury. The pattern of injuries would suggest that several measures should be undertaken. First, coaches, officials and doctors associated with football teams need to be aware of the dangers of head-on tackling and the value of "heads-up" football to avoid flexion injuries. Deliberately butting players with the head or "spearing" is illegal but head-on tackling and blocking of the so-called "stick-blocking" type is specifically taught at the high school and college levels. In the immature neck this is a dangerous maneuver and should be discouraged. The development of strong neck musculature could reasonably be expected to prevent many neck injuries and isometric and resistance exercises to develop neck strength should be a part of all preseason conditioning. All players who have neck symptoms should be thoroughly evaluated both clinically and radiologically to rule out damage or predisposing structural weakness. This is particularly important in the atlanto-axial area in immature players. Finally, it is recommended that protective collars be worn by all players with a history of neck injury. The authors have gained the impression in surveying a large number of injuries that most serious neck injuries, particularly those involving fracture-dislocation are incurred in the act of open field tackling by defensive players making head-on tackles. Neck flexion is the usual mechanism. A light-weight sponge rubber collar is presently available. It is designed to be used to prevent extension and lateral flexion but it can be easily modified to extend anteriorly where it should aid in preventing the extreme flexion which is responsible for many serious injuries in the young players at the high school level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of a prolonged program of physical training in patients with ischemic cardiopathology].

Training with resistant exercises has been proved to be beneficial for patients of ischemic cardiopathy. This kind of training increases working capacity, provided the exercise is maintained in the necessary threshold to avoid starting a chest angina. Nevertheless, there is no clear evidence of an increase in the blood flooding of the myocardio, the left ventricle function or the heart electric stability as a consequence of the said training. It's our opinion that the principal reasons for this lack of evidence are: a) insufficient research, b) the existence of technical difficulties for developing certain phases of the necessary research, and maybe that, c) some exercise programs are not sufficiently long and intense and to induce myocardial adaptation. The purpose of this study is to determine if a long program of physical exercise training could produce a better blood irrigation and ventricular function as well as restore the electric stability. This approach to the problem is justified by the recent finding of adequate methods which really and definitely answer these questions with the results obtained through properly controlled physical exercise.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2026

Optimal dose and exercise modality to improve HbA1c in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses.

We aimed to compare exercise modalities and evaluate dose-response relationships with glycemic control including continuous aerobic exercise (CAE), resistance training (RT), combined exercise (CE), mind-body exercise (MBE), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Three databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in older adults with T2DM reporting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Pairwise, Bayesian network, and dose-response meta-analyses were conducted. Compared with control, HIIT demonstrated the largest estimated reduction (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.95%; 95% CrI&#xa0;-1.45, -0.49), followed by CE (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.59%; 95% CrI&#xa0;-0.93, -0.25), CAE (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.46%; 95% CrI&#xa0;-0.69, -0.24), MBE (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.42%; 95% CrI&#xa0;-0.76, -0.10), and RT (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.29%; 95% CrI&#xa0;-0.51, -0.08). Dose-response network meta-analyses suggested a non-linear association between overall exercise dose and HbA1c reduction, with maximal estimated benefits at approximately 704 METs-min/week with the 95% CrI excluding zero between 241 and 920 METs-min/week. HIIT demonstrated the steepest estimated dose-response relationship, but with wider credible intervals. Other exercise modalities showed more gradual dose-response patterns across their estimated effective ranges. Our findings suggest that exercise prescription for older adults with T2DM should be individualized according to exercise modality, dose, and health status.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Influence of pulmonary hypertension on pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with mitral stenosis.

The pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO--steady state method according to Bates and coworkers) was measured at the time of heart catheterization in 12 patients with mitral stenosis without mitral incompetence. DLCO correlates with the tidal volume at rest and during exercise and with pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise only. DLCO and left atrial pressure exhibit a positive correlation up to 22.5 mm Hg only. In patients with mitral stenosis DLCO depends on the alveolar surface area and DLCO is influenced by regional changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Acute physical exercise and ambulatory blood pressure in resistant hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: The effects of acute physical exercise in patients with resistant hypertension remain largely unexplored compared with hypertensive patients in general. We assessed the short-term effects of acute moderate-intensity (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on the clinic (BP) and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS: Using a crossover randomized controlled design, 10 participants (56&#x200a;&#xb1;&#x200a;7&#x200a;years) with resistant hypertension performed three experimental sessions: MICE, HIIE, and control. MICE consisted of continuous treadmill exercise at an intensity of 3-4 metabolic equivalents of energy (METs) until completing 3&#x200a;kcal/kg and was energy-matched to HIIE (which included six to eight intervals of 3&#x200a;min duration at 6-7 METs interspersed with 1.5-min rests at 3 METs). In the control session, participants remained seated for 50&#x200a;min. Flow-mediated vasodilation, autonomic nervous system balance (heart rate variability), exerkines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, vascular endothelial growth factor A, irisin, adiponectin, and angiopoietin] and 71 inflammatory-related proteins were also measured. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, HIIE and MICE reduced clinic SBP immediately ( P &#x200a;<&#x200a;0.001 for both) and 90&#x200a;min ( P &#x200a;=&#x200a;0.001 and P &#x200a;=&#x200a;0.041, respectively) postexercise. HIIE and MICE also reduced clinic DBP immediately postexercise ( P &#x200a;=&#x200a;0.003 and P &#x200a;=&#x200a;0.025). By contrast, no changes were found in the control session. On the other hand, no significant effects were noted for 24&#x200a;h ABP measures or for the rest of variables. CONCLUSION: Although in patients with resistant hypertension, acute aerobic exercise induces short-term reductions in clinic BP, this stimulus does not suffice to reduce 24&#x200a;h ABP or to impact on potential biological mechanisms.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Primary pulmonary hypertension treated with oral phentolamine.

A patient with symptomatic primary pulmonary artery hypertension underwent therapeutic trials with parenteral and oral phentolamine. Before drug therapy, he manifested marked increases in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance during exercise. This hypertensive response to exercise was significantly attenuated by parenteral phentolamine. He also manifested sustained hemodynamic improvement with the same degree of attenuation of exercise-induced increases in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance 7 months after initiation of therapy with oral phentolamine. Twenty months after initiation of therapy, the patient continues to enjoy symptomatic improvement with a marked increase in exercise tolerance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Decrease of peripheral resistance after acute intravenous application of a new beta-receptor blocking agents, bufuralol HCl.

The hemodynamic effects of a new beta-receptor blocking agent, bufuraolo HCl, were compared with those of pindolol. Contrary to pindolol, bufuralol HCl induces a decrease of the peripheral resistance immediately. Under exercise conditions, the peripheral resistance increases under pindolol whereas it remains constant under bufuralol HCl in spite of reduced cardiac output. As an explanation, an effect of bufuralol HCl on peripheral resistance is discussed which might be independent of the beta-receptor blocking effects in the periphery.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1975

Response to exercise in upper airway obstruction.

Mild excerice in 7 patients with upper airway obstruction but without diffuse lung disease caused a mean decrease in arterial oxygen tension of 11 mm Hg. Exercise hypoxemia disappeared after surgical removal of obstruction in 3 patients tested. Exercise hypoxemia due to relative alveolar hypoventilation was observed in 4 normal subjects with external combined inspiratory and expiratory resistance. Analysis of mechanics of air flow through an orifice suggests that exertional dyspnea is caused by manifold increase of airway resistance during exercise; acute respiratory failure might be precipitated by further minimal reduction in airway lumen once it has reached a diameter of 8 mm. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of upper airway obstruction in any symptomatic patient who has had tracheal intubation or in patients with obscure wheezing, especially on exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Dose-response effects of isometric wall squats on postexercise hypotension in older women with hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: The isometric wall squat (IWS) is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for blood pressure (BP) management, but its optimal dosage in older adults remains unclear. This study compared postexercise hypotension (PEH) after two IWS doses in medicated older women with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). METHODS: Thirty older hypertensive women (68.8&#x200a;&#xb1;&#x200a;10.0&#x200a;years) were randomized into three groups: control (CG), 8-min IWS (G8-IWS; 4&#x200a;&#xd7;&#x200a;2-min sets), and 12-min IWS (G12-IWS; 6&#x200a;&#xd7;&#x200a;2-min sets). BP and heart rate (HR) were assessed at rest and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60&#x200a;min postexercise and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with Bonferroni correction ( P &#x200a;<&#x200a;0.05). RESULTS: G12-IWS significantly reduced systolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 45-60&#x200a;min and 30-60&#x200a;min postexercise ( P &#x200a;<&#x200a;0.05), while G8-IWS showed no BP changes. G12-IWS decreased HR (30-60&#x200a;min) and rate-pressure product (RPP; 15-60&#x200a;min); G8-IWS reduced RPP from 30 to 60&#x200a;min only. Diastolic BP and pulse pressure remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: A single G12-IWS session induced clinically meaningful PEH (~8-10&#x200a;mmHg), exceeding reported with isometric handgrip exercise (~4-6&#x200a;mmHg), with greater RPP suppression than G8-IWS. This equipment-free protocol represents a relevant nonpharmacological strategy for BP management in older women with SAH.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint.

The patellofemoral joint contains 2 complex mechanisms for ameliorating forces transmitted across it, namely increasing extensor lever arm-r in the important range of flexion 30 degrees-70 degrees and increasing contact area with increasing flexion. In this range the patella bears sole responsibility for transmitting resultant flexion of quadriceps force to the femur. Here lies the thickest cartilage in the body and perhaps not surprisingly, the most frequent site of cartilage degeneration. The Q-angle and valgus vector explain the predominance of the pathologic lesions on the lateral side of the joint as well as the associated dislocations, subluxations, lateral pressure syndromes, and patellofemoral arthrosis. Extension exercises against resistance produce non-physiologic loading of patellar articular cartilage. Even relatively small loads which are commonly used in physical therapy departments produce pressures far in excess of normal activities, such as stair climbing or squatting. Patients who are placed on such exercise programs are often made worse and develop symptoms which they did not have before. Straight leg raising with weights, on the other hand, maximally stresses the quadriceps muscle without any patellofemoral compression since the patella is out of contact, proximal to the trochlea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Back stabilization during knee strengthening exercise.

Twenty normal women were tested for maximal isometric contraction of the right knee extensor muscles. The knee was positioned in 60 degrees of extension and the hip at 120 degrees of extension, with and without a backrest. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the use of a backrest resulted in greater force than when not using a backrest when the angle of back inclination was held constant and the support was varied. The results indicated that the addition of a backrest, when the body assumes an optimal position, enables the knee extensors to generate greater force then when no backrest is used. A backrest adds to the comfort and support of the subject performing resistive knee exercise and should be incorporated into the design of knee exercise units.

Adult↗