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Results for “phytochemistry”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Methods to study the phytochemistry and bioactivity of essential oils.

Many essential oils are extracted, analysed and their main components are identified, characterised and then published without any biological testing whatsoever. Their useful biological activities can remain unknown for years. Yet, the search for these activities often increases our knowledge of the potential use of oils in therapeutics. Therefore, there is a real need for a simple, reliable and reproducible methods to study the bioactivity of essential oils and their constituents which can detect a broad spectrum of action or specific pharmacological activities in aromatic plants. These methods can then be employed by natural product chemists, pharmacologists and biologists to conduct their scientific research and to valorize natural products. Standardisation of some of these methods is therefore desirable to permit more comprehensive evaluation of plant oils, and greater comparability of the results obtained by different investigators.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2004

Long-term effects of defoliation on quaking aspen in relation to genotype and nutrient availability: plant growth, phytochemistry and insect performance.

This research tested the long-term effects of defoliation on aspen chemistry and growth in relation to genotype and nutrient availability. We grew saplings of four aspen genotypes in a common garden under two conditions of nutrient availability, and subsequently subjected them to two levels of artificial defoliation. Artificial defoliation suppressed plant growth, and saplings of the four genotypes did not show evidence of genetic variation in tolerance to defoliation. Phenolic glycoside concentrations did not respond to defoliation, but were influenced by genotype and nutrient availability. Condensed tannins responded to defoliation and varied among genotypes. Although defoliation affected condensed tannins, plant quality was not altered in a manner important for gypsy moth performance. Regression analyses suggested that phenolic glycoside concentrations accounted for most of the variation in insect performance. The lack of a strong response important for herbivores was surprising given the severity of the defoliation treatment (nearly 100% of leaf area was removed). In this study, plant genotype was of primary importance, nutrient availability was of secondary importance and long-term induced responses were unimportant as determinants of insect performance.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The comparative phytochemistry of the genus Erythroxylon.

Recent research suggests that, in addition to the well-documented occurrence of significant quantities of cocaine and related alkaloids in a limited number of species, the genus Erythroxylon will prove to be a rich source of tropane alkaloids. These bases are esters of a range of acids with tropine, 3 alpha, 6 beta-dihydroxytropane and 3 alpha, 6 beta, 7 beta-trihydroxytropane; the numbers are further increased by nor-derivatives, and stereoisomerism involving the C-3 hydroxyl of the tropane skeleton. The diterpenes of the genus also appear worthy of further study.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2026

The science of Arabic coffee (Qahwa): from phytochemistry and nutritional profile to health benefits and safety evaluation.

Arabic coffee (Qahwa), a traditional beverage widely consumed in the Middle East, has attracted increasing scientific attention due to its distinctive phytochemical composition and associated health effects. This review provides an integrated analysis of Qahwa's nutritional profile, focusing on its key bioactive constituents, including chlorogenic acids, caffeine, diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol), and phenolic compounds. These constituents contribute to a range of biological activities, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and metabolic regulatory effects. The influence of technological variables, including roasting degree, brewing method, and bean origin, on the chemical composition and functional properties is critically examined. Safety concerns, particularly acrylamide formation and mycotoxin contamination, are also discussed. Although emerging data support Qahwa's potential as a functional beverage, further research is required to clarify dose-response relationships, synergistic interactions, and long-term health outcomes. This work highlights Qahwa as a promising candidate for food and nutraceutical applications, warranting standardized compositional profiling and toxicological evaluation.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordicacharantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity.

Investigation of the traditional uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo (West Africa) showed that it is one of the most important local medicinal plants both for ritual and ethnomedical practices. There was a high degree of consensus (>50%) for use in the treatment of gastrointestinal and viral disease among 47 groups of village informants in the general population, while 19 traditional healers reported a larger and broader set of uses. The use by informants in Gaur and Kwa language groups was not significantly different. Lyophilized Momordica charantia extracts prepared from accessions collected in Togo showed high antiviral activity (<5 microg/ml) against Sindbis and Herpes simplex type 1 viruses and anthelmintic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans at 500 microg/ml. Presence in the leaves of the triterpene glycosides momordicins I and II follows biological activity of the plant extracts. However, momordicins were found to be anthelmintic but not antiviral. Traditional healers collected plants in dry areas where momordicin content is greater.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Phytochemistry and antimycobacterial activity of Chlorophytum inornatum.

In a project to investigate plant derived natural products from the Liliaceae with activity against fast-growing strains of mycobacteria, we have identified two new metabolites from Chlorophytum inornatum. The active principle, a new homoisoflavanone (1) was identified as 3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-7,8-methylenedioxy-chroman-4-one. The metabolite assigned as 7-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2''-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydrobenzopyran (2) was characterised by extensive 1- and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The antimycobacterial activity of this plant was mainly due to the homoisoflavonoid which exhibited minimum inhibitory values ranging from 16-256 microg/ml against four strains of fast-growing mycobacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗