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Results for “nutritional immunity”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Positive role of immune nutrition on metabolism in sepsis and multi-organ failure.

Critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi-organ failure are at great risk of nosocomial infections due to a reduced immune status. There is growing evidence from in vitro studies and animal models that the reduced immune response might be improved by the so-called immunomodulatory nutrition. Based on these studies there are now some commercially available enteral or parenteral solutions with immunomodulatory substrates, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), arginine and nucleotides. Recently, enteral nutrition with this experimental formula reduced the hospital length of stay and the frequency of acquired infections in critically ill patients. The increasing knowledge about the metabolic effects of these nutritions offers therapeutic potential for the future, and might reduce the mortality of critically ill patients from nosocomial infections. However, at present, studies are necessary to find the best time for beginning and duration of the feeding. In addition, the optimal dosage and composition of these pharmacologically active substances has to be investigated.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Review on the role of dietary zinc in poultry nutrition, immunity, and reproduction.

Zinc is an important nutrient in animal metabolism. In poultry, zinc serves not only as a nutrient but can also be used as a dietary supplement to manipulate the reproductive system of the bird. This article summarizes the general biochemistry, physiology, and nutritional aspects of zinc metabolism to provide a brief overview on what is known regarding zinc. The potential role of zinc in poultry immune response, Salmonella infection, and molting are emphasized.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

The implication of the binomial nutrition-immunity on sportswomen's health.

The diet of many athletes is inadequate due to overly restrictive habits and an obsession with losing weight in order to maintain a particular level of body weight. Many female athletes, particularly those who participate in sports that emphasize leanness (gymnastics, distance running, diving, figure skating and classical ballet), have suboptimal energy and nutrient intakes and are at risk of compromised nutritional status, including fatigue, dehydration, nutrient inadequacies, delayed growth and an impaired immunocompetence. It is very well known that active women and girls who are driven to excel in sports may develop the so-called female athlete triad in which malnutrition, amenorrhoea and osteoporosis appear as typical signs of medical complications, frequently linked to serious psychological alterations. This outcome is mainly related to that found in eating disorders-syndromes in which athletes have been defined to be at increased risk. As a consequence of all these alterations, the immune system may be affected in athletes, and subsequently they might be more prone to infections. As there is a lack of knowledge about how the immune system may be affected in basal conditions of athletes, the study of immunocompetence as an index of the nutritional status is reviewed. In summary, it is necessary to encourage all professionals surrounding athletes to be aware of the importance of taking care of their nutritional status in order not only to avoid physical and psychological complications but also to improve performance and, thus, to achieve sporting goals.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed2002

Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill.

Critically ill patients on intensive care units are at an increased risk of sepsis, which is a major cause of mortality in these patients. Recent evidence suggests that impairment of the functioning of the immune system contributes to the development of sepsis in such patients. In particular, monocytes show reduced expression of HLA-DR antigen, associated with impaired antigen presenting capability and decreased phagocytic activity; lymphocytes show decreased proliferation in response to mitogens and T-helper cells show a shift in the Th1/Th2 ratio consistent with impaired immunity. The amino acid glutamine becomes conditionally essential in the critically ill, yet such patients frequently have a marked deficiency of glutamine; the reasons for this are still unclear. Glutamine is required by the cells of the immune system both as a primary fuel and as a carbon and nitrogen donor for nucleotide precursor synthesis. In vivo studies have demonstrated that glutamine is essential for optimal immune cell functioning for monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils. A number of trials of patients fed by the enteral or parenteral route have shown improved infectious morbidity when supplemented with glutamine. However, the exact mechanism of glutamine action in these patients remains to be determined.

Critical Illness↗
PubMed1993

Nutrition, immunity and infections: T lymphocyte subpopulations in protein--energy malnutrition.

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most frequent causes of secondary immune deficiency states. Alterations either in cellular or humoral immune mechanisms increase the susceptibility to infections in the malnourished organism. Infections aggravate the interrelationship of malnutrition to immune deficiency and infections, resulting in future adverse effects of malnutrition on humoral and cellular immune systems, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and T lymphocyte subpopulations were identified in 29 patients with PEM and 15 healthy infants serving as the control group, ranging between 3 and 24 months of age. Patients with PEM demonstrated elevated levels of IgG, IgM and IgA when compared to the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), C3 levels were significantly lower than the values of the control group (P < 0.01).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Nutrition, immunity and helminth infection: effect of dietary protein on the dynamics of the primary antibody response to Trichuris muris (Nematoda) in CBA/Ca mice.

The effect of dietary protein on the specific antibody responses (total immunoglobulins, IgG1 and IgA) to the intestinal nematode Trichuris muris was studied in CBA/Ca mice fed isocaloric diets containing 16% or 4% protein. Mice fed the 16% diet and given a high infection dose of 650 eggs expelled almost their entire primary infection by day 21 post infection. In similarly infected animals fed the 4% protein diet, there was prolonged survival of adult worms. At a low infection dose of 10 eggs, there was no evidence of an expulsion response in either dietary group. The primary antibody response to parasite excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen was time-dependent, regardless of dietary protein or infection dose, and was predominantly an IgG1 response. Within each dietary group, antibody production and antigen recognition occurred earlier and the antibody responses were more intense in mice given the higher infection dose. The principal finding was that the specific antibody response was more vigorous, both quantitatively (serum titres) and qualitatively (antigen recognition by IgG1), in mice on a low protein diet, even though worm expulsion did not occur in these hosts. This result suggests that serum antibody level or antigen recognition is not related simply to protective immunity against T. muris in CBA/Ca mice.

Animals↗