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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

First-time hospital admissions with illicit drug problems in indigenous and non-indigenous Western Australians: an application of record linkage to public health surveillance.

OBJECTIVE: To monitor incidence rates of first-time hospital admission with an illicit drug problem in the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations of Western Australia in 1980-95. METHOD: Some 10,533 first admissions among 16,294 total admissions mentioning any of 19 groups of illicit drug problems were identified using linked hospital separation data from the WA Health Services Research Linked Database. RESULTS: Trends in age-standardised rates showed two distinct features: a rapid acceleration in first-time admission rates commencing from about 1991; and a cross-over of the rates in Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. In 1980, the rates were 9.2 per 100,000 PY in Indigenous and 16.4 per 100,000 PY in non-Indigenous people. By 1995, the respective rates were 180.7 and 95.5 per 100,000 PY. Largest proportional increases were observed in first-time admissions mentioning amphetamine dependence or abuse, although increases were seen also in problems due to opiates, hallucinogens, cocaine and cannabis. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with data on the rising use of injectable amphetamines and other illicit drugs, especially among Aboriginal people. IMPLICATIONS: Urgent attention is required to identify ways of reducing health problems due to illicit substance use in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Hospitalization↗
PubMed2000

Substance use by indigenous and non-indigenous primary school students.

OBJECTIVE: Recent Australian research with adolescents aged 13 to 17 years has found that Indigenous youth are more likely than non-Indigenous adolescents to smoke tobacco and cannabis, although they may be less likely to use alcohol. The objective of this study was to examine whether this pattern exists among younger children. METHOD: A school-based, self-report survey was conducted in primary schools that had high proportions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Four schools were located in metropolitan Brisbane and three in Far North Queensland (sample n = 507 students: 270 girls, 237 boys, aged 9-13 years). RESULTS: Significant numbers of these children had started to experiment with recreational drugs. Twenty-two per cent had attempted to smoke at least one cigarette, 14% smoked in the preceding year, while 3% had smoked more than 10 cigarettes in their lives. Thirty-eight per cent had had at least one drink of alcohol, while 6% had smoked marijuana at least once. There was no significant association between Indigenous/non-Indigenous background and risk of smoking tobacco or marijuana, while Indigenous children were less likely than non-Indigenous children to report experience with alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to data from secondary school students, Indigenous youth in primary schools were not more likely than non-Indigenous children to have experimented with tobacco or marijuana, or to be frequent tobacco smokers. It appears therefore that the excessive uptake of drug use among Indigenous youth occurs in the early stages of secondary school. This finding underlines the importance of preventive education in primary schools, especially for Indigenous children who have a high risk of making the transition to drug use in adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Development of a Blockchain-Based Platform to Enable Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Shared Research Participation With Indigenous Communities: Technology Prototyping and Community Engagement Study.

BACKGROUND: Historic and ongoing problematic practices regarding the collection, storage, and use of Indigenous health data have led to the need to ensure principles of Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDS) are followed in research practices and technology development. OBJECTIVE: This project, a partnership between UC San Diego and the Native BioData Consortium (NativeBio), sought to explore the practical application of blockchain technology and its potential to facilitate Indigenous-led research collaboration. METHODS: This project first undertook purposeful relationship building with NativeBio to form a Community Advisory Board (CAB) for identifying community and technology needs for a blockchain research collaboration platform with an initial focus on genomic data. Over a 2-year project period, a series of public meetings and presentations at Indigenous-led conferences introduced the concept of exploring compatibility between blockchain and IDS principles, followed by iterative prototyping and co-design of a blockchain platform with NativeBio, using Ethereum as the underlying protocol. RESULTS: Direct engagement with NativeBio and the CAB informed the initial design and development of a "b-IDS" proof-of-concept (POC) blockchain platform. The POC consists of three main components: (1) the web front-end layer, (2) the Ethereum network that executes the smart contract and blockchain storage aspects of the framework, and (3) the back-end database that stores off-chain interactions and data for future use with external genomic data repositories. After refinement of the POC, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) use case aligned with IDS principles was identified as a practical workflow and incorporated into the design of the POC for implementation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this project demonstrated the potential use of operationalizing IDS through blockchain technology with proactive and sustained engagement with Indigenous partners. Blockchain technology may have certain advantages over other data governance approaches and systems, facilitating timely oversight, shared decision-making and consent structures, and direct involvement of Indigenous communities in technology design, respecting the core principles of IDS and CBPR. Future development of the blockchain-IDS POC will need to incorporate other research practices and ethics frameworks to expand its use to other public health and biomedical research use cases.

Blockchain↗
PubMed2000

Asthma management in indigenous children of a remote community using an indigenous health model.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of asthma in children in a remote indigenous community and the delivery of subspecialist service through the indigenous health-care model. METHODOLOGY: Children referred by indigenous health-care workers were evaluated prospectively by paediatric respiratory physicians, based on a standardized protocol, at a primary health care setting at Thursday Island, Queensland. RESULTS: Forty of the 54 children referred with a provisional diagnosis of asthma did have asthma, with 30% having persistent asthma. Only 59% of parents knew the dose of the medication prescribed and 80% had minimal knowledge of the medications. In 88% of children, the management of asthma was improved by introduction of an appropriate spacer device and changing the dose and type of medications. CONCLUSIONS: The management of children with asthma in the Torres region can be improved substantially by the use of age appropriate delivery devices and medications, and improving knowledge of asthma. Specialist delivery service to remote indigenous communities can be effectively delivered in partnership with the indigenous health service. The high proportion of persistent asthma in the Torres Straits community in comparison to urbanised Australia raises issues of inequity of appropriate medical service delivery to remote indigenous communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment tool (KICA): development of a cognitive assessment tool for older indigenous Australians.

BACKGROUND: Indigenous Australians have a unique cultural heritage dating back many thousands of years. Unfortunately, there is no validated tool to assess cognition in older indigenous Australians. This study was designed to address this deficiency. The Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) was developed with Indigenous health and aged care organizations, and comprises cognitive, informant and functional sections. The psychometric properties of the cognitive assessment section (KICA-Cog) are described in this paper. METHODS: The KICA-Cog was tested in 70 indigenous subjects, of varying cognitive abilities and diagnoses, over 45 years of age. Subjects were interviewed using the KICA-Cog and then independently assessed by expert clinical raters using DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. Interrater and internal reliability were determined. RESULTS: The KICA-Cog score showed no systematic interrater difference; the mean was -0.07 (SD = 1.83). Interrater reliability for 16 individual questions from the cognitive section revealed a kappa-value > or = 0.6 and intraclass correlations for 12 questions. Internal consistency, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.88. Three items on the cognitive score (pension week, recall and free recall) effectively discriminated 85-7% of dementia cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 92.6%, respectively, using a cut-off score of 31/32. CONCLUSIONS: The KICA-Cog appears to be a reliable assessment tool for cognitive impairment in an Australian older traditionally living indigenous population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moving toward culturally sensitive services for Indigenous people: a non-Indigenous mental health nursing perspective.

Indigenous psychiatric morbidity, whilst culturally different in presentation to white communities has been suggested to run at a mean prevalence rate of 13.5% of the major disorders found in non-Indigenous communities. This paper discusses the socio-political and cross cultural issues to do with mental health for Australian Indigenous from a non-Indigenous perspective. The paper is particularly concerned with the effects of racism on Indigenous mental health and how racism effectively limits Indigenous people from full participation in the pluralist mainstream. Racism has been seen to be a major contributor to mental illness. The scope of this paper addresses the issue of transforming mainstream culture as well as highlighting the need for protection, participation and collaborative involvement in mental health service delivery.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Ghanaian national policy toward indigenous healers. The case of the primary health training for indigenous healers (PRHETIH) program.

We review the policy of the Ghanaian Ministry of Health towards indigenous healers, and estimate their potential and actual utilization in the national health delivery system. We then describe the program to give primary health training to indigenous healers. The program established relations with the regional offices and central headquarters of the Ministry of Health. The Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine, the Ghana Psychic and Traditional Healers Association and various categories of indigenous healers. We describe our strategies to coordinate the program with Ministry of Health Units and different categories of indigenous healers (mainly TBAs, herbalists and priest/priestess healers) in Techiman District. We analyze the socio-cultural, economic and politico-administrative forces impinging on the design and implementation of the program to recommend ways that this kind of program can be developed in other localities within and outside Ghana.

Community Health Workers↗
PubMed2004

Predictors of smoking behaviour among indigenous sami adolescents and non-indigenous peers in north Norway.

AIMS: A study was undertaken to examine predictors of smoking behaviour among indigenous Sami adolescents and non-indigenous peers in North Norway, and to examine for ethnic-specific predictors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and longitudinal school-based and postal questionnaire study initially including 2,718 10th to 12th grade students (response rate (RR): 85%) in 1994-95 (T1). At the three-year follow-up (T2), in 1997-98, 1,405 were included (RR: 57%). Indigenous Sami contributed 23% (599/324) of the total samples. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors on smoking behaviour. RESULTS: The proportions of regular smokers were 33% (729) and 35% (401) at T1 and T2, respectively, while 19% (153) had initiated current smoking during the study period. Substance use, externalizing problems, sexual activity and vocational training (p </= 0.01) predicted regular smoking both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Among non-smokers at T1, age and frequent alcohol intoxication predicted current smoking prospectively (p </= 0.01). Frequent intoxication predicted all stages of smoking (p </= 0.001). Ethnicity did not predict smoking in this study. Laestadian Christian affiliation increased the prevalence of experimental smoking at T1 but only for Sami students. CONCLUSIONS: Youth smoking behaviour was strongly associated with risk-taking behaviours, indicating that a broader focus on health-compromising behaviours in anti-smoking campaigns is needed. The findings indicate little need for culturally sensitive anti-smoking campaigns specially designed for indigenous Sami youth, as the main predictors (risk-taking behaviours) were similar across ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Validation of a 24-h physical activity recall in indigenous and non-indigenous Australian adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of a modified version of the widely used previous day physical activity recall (PDPAR-24) self-report instrument in a diverse sample of Australian adolescents comprising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (A&TSI) and non-indigenous high school students. A sample of 63 A&TSI and 59 non-indigenous high school students (N=122) from five public secondary schools participated in the study. Participants completed the PDPAR-24 after wearing a sealed electronic pedometer on the previous day. Significant positive correlations were observed between the self-reported physical activity variables (mean MET level, blocks of vigorous activity, and blocks of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and 24-h step counts. Validity coefficients (rho) ranged from 0.29 to 0.34 (p<0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed for self-reported screen time and 24-h step count (rho=-0.19, p<0.05). Correlations for A&TSI students were equal to or greater than those observed for non-indigenous students. The PDPAR-24 instrument is a quick, unobtrusive, and cost-effective assessment tool that would be useful for evaluating physical activity and sedentary behaviour in population-based studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Building true capacity: indigenous models for indigenous communities.

Within the past 2 decades, community capacity building and community empowerment have emerged as key strategies for reducing health disparities and promoting public health. As with other strategies and best practices, these concepts have been brought to indigenous (American Indian and Alaska Native) communities primarily by mainstream researchers and practitioners. Mainstream models and their resultant programs, however, often have limited application in meeting the needs and realities of indigenous populations. Tribes are increasingly taking control of their local health care services. It is time for indigenous people not only to develop tribal programs but also to define and integrate the underlying theoretical and cultural frameworks for public health application.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2006

Longitudinal drinking patterns in indigenous Sami and non-indigenous youth in northern Norway.

Drinking patterns among indigenous Sami and non-Sami adolescents in northern Norway were explored. Longitudinal data were collected in 1994/95 among 2,950 high school students (RR: 85%) and in 1997/98 among 1,510 follow-ups (RR: 57%). Longitudinally, Sami had significantly lower drinking rates for all measures. An increase in 30-day drinkers occurred during the follow-up period: 23% in Sami and 19% in non-Sami. Sami reported higher paternal abstinence. Sami drank more often in public places. Sami reported more worries from friends and family about their drinking. The lower drinking rates in Sami relative to majority adolescents contrast with findings among indigenous peers elsewhere, but corresponds with the lower parental drinking rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Food intake in indigenous and non-indigenous Chilean schoolchildren of different social vulnerability].

The study was based on a cross-sectional design of children from six to nine year olds. Indigenous children were those whose parents had all surnames of this ethnic origin. Non-indigenous children were those with Hispanic surnames. Participants belonged to one of the three social vulnerability groups: high vulnerability (extreme poverty) living in rural communities in a southern region of the country (n = 184); medium vulnerability living in urbanized settings in the same region (n = 248); low vulnerability living in Santiago of Chile (n = 336). Food intake was estimated using a 24-hours recall questionnaire. Total energy intake was similar in the two ethnic groups in all vulnerabilities. It was observed that energy and macronutrient intake increased with the improvement of the social vulnerability: High 1679 kcal. with a standard deviation (SD) of 461, Medium 1878 (SD 484), Low 1894 (SD 495). Children in the high social vulnerability group had a total energy intake below the WHO/FAO recommendations. Consumption of milk, meat, vegetables and fruits was insufficient in all social vulnerability levels but it was closer to the recommendation in the low vulnerability group. Bread accounted for almost 50% of the total energy intake in the high and medium vulnerability groups. It is concluded that differences in the access to an adequate feeding are related to social vulnerability and not ethnicity.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Development of guidelines for non-indigenous people undertaking research among the indigenous population of north-east Victoria.

The Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, has developed a framework for conducting research in partnership with Indigenous communities. The framework addresses past inappropriate research practices, incorporates cultural understandings, and outlines culturally appropriate protocols. The four parts of the framework are a committee to initiate, direct and oversee all research projects; a Koorie Team to guide research; a set of research guidelines; and a policy for the department. The framework has been used to develop strong relations with Koorie communities and conduct various health projects.

Ethics, Clinical↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of lamb production from indigenous and exotic x indigenous ewes in Indonesia.

Lamb production in relation to total feed consumption was recorded in Javanese thin tail (JTT) ewes and in first cross Suffolk x JTT (SX), Wiltshire Horn x JTT (WX) and Poll Dorset x JTT (DX) ewes over three successive lambings or for 21/2 years after joining with rams of the same genotypes in a continuous mating system. For the JTT, SX, WX and DX genotypes respectively, total numbers of lambs weaned per ewe joined were 3.77, 2.50, 2.08 and 1.33, mean lamb body weights at weaning were 12.8, 18.8, 18.6 and 20.9 kg, total weights of lamb weaned per ewe joined were 48.4, 46.9, 38.8 and 27.9 kg, and average weights of feed consumed by the whole production system per kg of lamb weaned were 16.4, 21.9, 23.5 and 32.8 kg. Thus cross-bred ewes required more feed to produce fewer though heavier lambs without any real increase in total productivity.

Animal Feed↗