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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A sex pheromone, protoplast release-inducing protein (PR-IP) inducer, induces sexual cell division and production of PR-IP in Closterium.

The sex pheromone protoplast release-inducing protein (PR-IP) inducer and a sexual cell division-inducing pheromone-minus (SCD-IP-minus) that mediates the sexual reproduction of the heterothallic Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale (C. psl) complex were investigated in this study. Recombinant PR-IP inducer produced by yeast cells was prepared and assayed for production of PR-IP and induction of SCD. Both biological activities were observed after treating mating-type plus (mt+) cells with the recombinant pheromone. SCD was induced by exposure to a lower concentration of the same pheromone and by a shorter treatment period with the pheromone than was production of PR-IP. This indicates that the previously characterized PR-IP inducer has both PR-IP-inducing and SCD-inducing activities with mt+ cells, although the inducing mechanisms of the two pheromones differ.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2001

Visualization of IP(3) dynamics reveals a novel AMPA receptor-triggered IP(3) production pathway mediated by voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx in Purkinje cells.

IP(3) signaling in Purkinje cells is involved in the regulation of cell functions including LTD. We have used a GFP-tagged pleckstrin homology domain to visualize IP(3) dynamics in Purkinje cells. Surprisingly, IP(3) production was observed in response not only to mGluR activation, but also to AMPA receptor activation in Purkinje cells in culture. AMPA-induced IP(3) production was mediated by depolarization-induced Ca(2+) influx because it was mimicked by depolarization and was blocked by inhibition of the P-type Ca(2+) channel. Furthermore, trains of complex spikes, elicited by climbing fiber stimulation (1 Hz), induced IP(3) production in Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices. These results revealed a novel IP(3) signaling pathway in Purkinje cells that can be elicited by synaptic inputs from climbing fibers.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione↗
PubMed1994

[Suppression of myoclonus associated with intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) in a case of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: with special reference to the specificity of IPS frequency].

The present study deals with electrophysiological findings 3 months after the patient fell into an apallic state during the course of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), when periodic limb myoclonus synchronizing with periodic synchronous discharge (PSD) began to diminish. The findings were as follows: On 2 Hz intermittent photic stimulation (IPS), myoclonus and the diffuse bisynchronous high amplitude sharp wave showed dissociation; the myoclonus was completely suppressed, while the high amplitude sharp wave was elicited. On 3 Hz IPS, myoclonus was incompletely suppressed, corresponding to every other high amplitude sharp waves which were induced synchronous to IPS. On 1 Hz IPS, the high amplitude sharp waves were scarcely induced while neither PSD nor the myoclonus were suppressed. The frequency of the PSD was about 1.2 Hz. Based on these findings, we propose that in addition to the cortical refractory period after PSD or the giant response to photic stimulation, there must be another refractory period in the distal impulse pathway longer than the cortical one. Although the exact electrophysiological mechanism involved in the present findings remains unknown, the possible mechanism responsible for the suppression of myoclonus by IPS and the specificity of IPS frequency in the suppression could be due to competitive suppression of the impulse between periodic myoclonus and the cortical reflex myoclonus through the interaction of the two independent refractory periods in the transmission pathway of the impulse.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics of patients with small-volume residual ovarian cancer unresponsive to cisplatin-based ip chemotherapy: lessons learned from a Gynecologic Oncology Group phase II trial of ip cisplatin and recombinant alpha-interferon.

The Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of intraperitoneal (ip) cisplatin plus recombinant human alpha-interferon in patients with small-volume persistent/recurrent ovarian cancer. This study was based on the known single agent activity of the drugs administered by the ip route and experimental evidence of cytotoxic synergy between the agents. In 18 evaluable patients, only 1 partial response was observed (5.5% response rate). In an effort to explain these disappointing findings, patients were retrospectively divided into two groups; those with favorable disease (documented response to systemic platinum and absence of surgical findings of diffuse carcinomatosis at laparotomy prior to initiation of ip therapy) or unfavorable disease (no evidence of response to systemic platinum and/or laparotomy findings of diffuse carcinomatosis before ip treatment). The favorable patient population would be predicted to have a far greater chance of responding to local therapy, but only 3 of the evaluable patients fell into this category. In the 15 unfavorable patients, only 1 partial response was observed (7% response rate). We conclude that patients who have failed to demonstrate a response to systemic cisplatin or carboplatin or who have diffuse carcinomatosis at second-look laparotomy are poor candidates for second-line ip cisplatin-based therapy, even if they are considered to have small-volume residual disease (each individual tumor nodules less than 0.5-1 cm). Such patients should be considered for alternative therapeutic strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Distinct roles for IP-10/CXCL10 in three animal models, Theiler's virus infection, EAE, and MHV infection, for multiple sclerosis: implication of differing roles for IP-10.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes demyelination with inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) in mice and is used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 kDa (IP-10) is a CXC chemokine and a chemoattractant for CXCR3+ T cells. IP-10 mRNA is expressed in the CNS during TMEV infection. However, administration of anti-IP-10 serum caused no difference in clinical signs, inflammation, demyelination, virus persistence or anti-virus antibody response in TMEV infection, while levels of virus specific and autoreactive lymphoproliferation increased. This likely reflects a difference in the pathogenesis of TMEV infection from that of two other animal models for MS, mouse hepatitis virus infection and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), where blocking of IP-10 resulted in clinical and histological improvement with suppression of antigen specific lymphoproliferation. In this review, we compare and contrast the roles of IP-10 between the three animal models for MS, and discuss the relevance to MS patients with different clinical courses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Relation of serological- and CPE- classification of porcine enteroviruses to the classification by immunoperoxidase (IP) staining, and observation of CPE by IP staining method.

Characteristics of CPE produced by porcine enteroviruses (PEV) were examined by Immunoperoxidase (IP) staining method. Viral antigens were detected earlier than appearance of CPE. Distinctive characteristics of the three CPE types were clearly showed by the method. In cross reactions by IP staining, the titers of the staining were high (1:6,400 to 1:25,600), even though neutralizing titers of PEV with CPE II or III were low (1:200 to 1:400). The very close relationship was detected between PEV with the same CPE type, but the very low relationships were detected between PEV with the different CPE type. The relationships in CPE I group were various. The results by IP staining were more relative to CPE type than the serotype. Thus, IP staining is one method to classify PEV clearly.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization of the remaining three human nuclear encoded iron sulphur protein (IP) subunits of complex I: the human IP fraction is completed.

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be fragmented in a flavoprotein (FP), iron-sulfur protein (IP), and hydrophobic protein (HP) subfraction. The IP subfraction is hypothesized to be significant, since it contains important prosthetic groups highly conserved among species. We cloned the cDNA of three remaining human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunits of this IP fraction: the NDUFS2 (49 kDa), NDUFS3 (30 kDa), and NDUFS6 (13 kDa) subunits. All presented cDNAs include the complete open reading frame (ORF), which consist of 1392, 795, and 375 base pairs, coding for 463, 264, and 124 amino acids, respectively. The latter show 96, 90, and 83% homology with the corresponding bovine translation products. The 3' untranslated regions (UTR) are complete in all three cDNAs. Polymerase chain reaction performed with DNA isolated from somatic human-rodent cell hybrids containing defined human chromosomes as template gave a human-specific signal which mapped the NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 subunits to chromosomes 1 and 11, respectively. In the case of the NDUFS6 subunit a pseudogene may be present since signals were seen in the lanes containing chromosomes 5 and 6. The NDUFS2 contains a highly conserved protein kinase C phosphorylation site and the NDUFS3 subunit contains a highly conserved casein kinase II phosphorylation site which make them strong candidates for future mutation detection studies in enzymatic complex I-deficient patients.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

De novo biosynthesis of the aggregation pheromone components ipsenol and ipsdienol by the pine bark beetles Ips paraconfusus Lanier and Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).

The California five-spined ips, Ips paraconfusus Lanier, produces the myrcene-derived acyclic monoterpene alcohols ipsenol (2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol) and ipsdienol (2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol) as components of its aggregation pheromone. The pine engraver beetle, Ips pini (Say), produces only ipsdienol. Previous studies have shown that myrcene, a monoterpene in the pines colonized by these beetles, is a direct precursor to these pheromone components. In vivo radiolabeling studies reported here showed that male I. paraconfusus incorporated [1-14C]acetate into ipsenol, ipsdienol, and amitinol (trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol), while male I. pini incorporated [1-14C]acetate into ipsdienol and amitinol. Females of these species produced neither labeled nor unlabeled pheromone components. The purified radiolabeled monoterpene alcohols from-males were identified by comparison of their HPLC and GC retention times with those of unlabeled standards. HPLC-purified fractions containing the individual radiolabeled components were analyzed by GC-MS and were shown to include only the pure alcohols. To further confirm that ipsdienol and ipsenol were radiolabeled, diastereomeric ester derivatives of the isolated alcohols were synthesized and analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS. After derivatization of the radiolabeled alcohols, the HPLC analysis demonstrated expected shifts in retention times with conservation of naturally occurring stereochemistry. The results provide direct evidence for de novo biosynthesis of ipsenol, ipsdienol, and amitinol by bark beetles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Infections with the ascomycete fungus Metschnikowia typographi sp.nov. in the bark beetles Ips typographus and Ips amitinus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae).

The ascomycete fungus Metschnikowia typographi sp.nov. is described. It infects the spruce bark beetles Ips typographus L. and Ips amitinus Eichl. Masses of vegetative cells and navicular asci (I. typographus 13-17 x 2 microns; I. amitinus 17-22 x 2 microns) were found in cells of the midgut epithelium and in the body cavity of infected beetles. Each ascus contains two needle-shaped ascospores flattened in the central part, 0.5-1.5 x 0.3 x 13-15 microns and pointed at both ends. The parasitic species of Metschnikowia, M. bicuspidata, M. artemiae, M. unicuspidata, M. wickerhami and M. typographi are discussed as a special group of the genus characterized by morphological characters.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Dominant expression of CXCR3 is associated with induced expression of IP-10 at hapten-challenged sites of murine contact hypersensitivity: a possible role for interferon-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells in IP-10 expression.

Murine contact hypersensitivity is elicited as a consequence of immunologic reactions triggered by skin-applied antigen, interactions among Langerhans cells, T cells, keratinocytes and mast cells, and a variety of chemokines generated by cellular interactions. In this study, we sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice with hapten, dinitrofluorobenzene or picryl chloride, and examined the expressions of mRNA for chemokines and their receptors by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the skin of elicited earlobes. CXC chemokines, IP-10 and Mig, were transcribed 24-48 h after challenge. This was associated with the expression of their agonistic receptor CXCR3, while mRNA for TARC and MDC, and their receptor CCR4 were not detected. Since CXCR3 and CCR4 are expressed preferentially on types 1 (Th1/Tc1) and 2 (Th2) T cells, respectively, the results suggested that the former type of T cells predominantly infiltrate at the elicited sites. Immune lymph node cells of the sensitized mice also expressed mRNA for CXCR3 but not CCR4 with concomitant transcription of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 subsequent to challenge. The percentage of lymph node CD8(+) T cells was increased from 16% in naive mice to 30-50% in hapten-challenged mice, and in the immune lymph nodes, CD8(+) cells were the major source of IFN-gamma compared to CD4(+) cells. Since IFN-gamma is known to stimulate keratinocytes to produce IP-10 and Mig, it is suggested that these IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells enhance the production of these chemokines, thereby functioning as not only the effector cells but also the cytokine source to sustain the challenge reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Reaction of gold(III) oxo complexes with alkenes. Synthesis of unprecedented gold alkene complexes, [Au(N,N)(alkene)][PF6]. Crystal structure of [Au(bipy(ip))(eta2-CH2=CHPh)][PF6] (bipy(ip) = 6-isopropyl-2,2'-bipyridine).

Gold alkene complexes [Au(bipyR)(eta2-alkene)][PF6] (bipyR = 6-alkyl-2,2'-bipyridine) have been obtained by reaction of gold(III) oxo complexes [Au2(bipyR)2(mu-O)2][PF6]2 with alkenes. The crystal structure of the styrene adduct [Au(bipy(ip))(eta2-CH2=CHPh)][PF6] (bipy(ip) = 6-isopropyl-2,2'-bipyridine) has been solved by X-ray analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3).

Chemokines and their receptors play a crucial part in the recruitment of leukocytes into inflammatory sites. The CXC chemokines IP-10 and Mig are selective attractants for activated (memory) T cells, the predominant cell type in skin infiltrates in many inflammatory dermatoses. The selectivity for activated T cells can be explained by the fact that both chemokines exert their effects through a common receptor, CXCR3, which is nearly exclusively expressed on activated T cells. The aim of this study was to identify biologically active CXCR3 ligands produced by keratinocytes. To that end, Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a cDNA encoding CXCR3 were challenged with proteins obtained from interferon-gamma stimulated keratinocytes and subsequently monitored for effects on second messenger systems. By this approach we were able to isolate IP-10 and Mig, and in addition identified a novel highly potent ligand for the CXCR3 receptor, designated interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9, which proved to be chemotactic for activated T cells expressing CXCR3. Protein sequence and mass spectrometric analysis followed by molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9, revealed that interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9 is a CXC chemokine with a molecular mass of 8303 Da. From a GenBank database query it became clear that interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9 is in fact the protein encoded by the cDNA sequence also known as beta-R1, H174 or I-TAC. In situ hybridization experiments showed that interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9 mRNA is expressed by basal layer keratinocytes in a variety of skin disorders, including allergic contact dermatitis, lichen planus, and mycosis fungoides suggesting a functional role for this chemokine in skin immune responses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Patients who develop inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) after immunization are clinically indistinguishable from other patients with IP.

Musculoskeletal symptoms may occur following various types of immunization, and it has also been suggested that, like infection, immunization may act as a trigger for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 48 of 898 (5.3%) patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) referred to the Norfolk Arthritis Register reported an immunization in the 6 weeks prior to symptom onset. There were no important clinical or demographic differences between the 48 immunized patients and 185 consecutive patients who did not report prior immunization. In addition, the frequencies of HLA-DRB1*01. *04 and the shared epitope in 33 of the immunized patients were similar to those in the 185 non-immunized patients and to those in 136 healthy controls. Further results from a case-control study suggest that the rate of immunization is higher amongst cases (5.5%) than age- and sex-matched controls (2.8%). In a small number of susceptible individuals, immunization may thus act as a trigger for RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Identification of Plant Chromatin Interaction Networks Using IP-MS and co-IP.

Proteins often act in concert to perform their function. Thus, the identification of protein complexes is crucial if we want to understand how they work. In this chapter, we present a highly sensitive protocol for the immunoprecipitation of nuclear chromatin-linked proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana that does not rely on time-consuming nuclei extraction. Interaction partners are identified using mass spectrometry and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. To help solubilize chromatin-bound proteins and eliminate nonspecific interactions of proteins binding the same DNA stretch, we include an enzymatic digestion step to remove DNA before immunoprecipitation. Our protocol offers a simplified process using optimized buffers, which facilitates quick and effective immunoprecipitation. The outcome is high-quality eluates that are ideal for identifying proteins through MS.

Chromatin↗
PubMed2003

New concepts in the treatment of ankle joint fractures. The IP-XS (XSL) and IP-XXS (XXSL) nail in the treatment of ankle joint fractures.

INTRODUCTION: The most important factor in the treatment of ankle joint fractures is stable anatomical reconstruction of the syndesmosis and joint surface. In the course of this, attention must be paid to soft-tissue damage with the risk of deep infections. Early functional therapy and exercise tolerance must be called for. The choice of surgical access route, in particular in the case of critical arterial circulation, and the possible irritation of the soft tissue by the osteosynthesis material prompted us to seek alternative osteosynthesis techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Following a preclinical study and very good initial results with the XS nail in the treatment of patella and olecranon fractures, this was now also used for ankle joint fractures at the medial malleolus and lateral malleolus. In the period from 5/2000 to 1/2002, 194 ankle joint fractures were treated using the XS nail. These were predominantly Weber B, C and bimalleolar fractures. In the case of ankle joint fractures, osteosynthesis was carried out following precise open fracture repositioning. In the case of isolated fibula fractures, early loading was allowed within 1 week; in the case of bimalleolar fractures, there was immediate partial loading with 20 kg for 4 weeks, after which they were subjected to full loading. Where there was an additional Volkmann fracture, we allowed only immediate partial loading with 10 kg for 6 weeks. All 194 patients were observed prospectively, and 162 (83.5%) could be followed up after 15 months. The results were classified according to the scale described by Olerud. RESULTS: It has been possible to follow up 162 patients, with an average age of 49.7 years. There were 62 (38.3%) Weber B and 45 (27.8%) Weber C fractures. In 55 (34.0%) cases, bimalleolar fractures were present. According to the Olerud score, 95 (58.6%) of the patients had an excellent outcome, 54 (33.3%) a good one, 9 (5.5%) a fair one and 4 (2.5%) an unsatisfactory outcome. In 3 cases a threaded wire dislocation occurred, without complications. Two mesh graft transplants were necessary; otherwise, there were no soft-tissue problems requiring review. One pseudarthrosis was seen. CONCLUSION: The XS nail which is introduced here fulfils the requirements made of an implant as regards maximum protection of soft tissue, secure fracture fixation and early exercise tolerance, including ankle fractures. No implant dislocation, no deep infection and no re-osteosynthesis were observed. Its advantages over conventional techniques lie precisely in the treatment of complex fractures and for patients with poor bone, vascular and soft-tissue situations.

Adolescent↗