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PubMed1979

Quality control of colloid and particulate 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.

A procedure for the radiochemical purity control of colloid and particulate 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals is described. The proposed technique is based on the use of two chromatograms, using in both, 15% H3PO4 as solvent and impregnated glass fiber media (Gelman ITLC type SG) as stationary phase. A pretreatment of the radiopharmaceutical with 6 N NaOH is involved prior to one chromatographic run. The procedure is fast and the different species (free pertechnetate, 99mTc-Sn-colloid and labeled 99mTc) in a 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical can be determined accurately and with reliability.

Colloids↗

PubMed2026

Fatty acids and breast cancer: Epidemiology, subtype-specific metabolism, immune regulation, and clinical translation.

Fatty acids (FAs) are bioactive dietary and metabolic molecules that participate in membrane architecture, energy homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, gene regulation and immune function, all of which intersect with breast cancer (BC) risk, progression and treatment response. In this narrative review we integrate epidemiological, clinical, translational and mechanistic evidence on the role of FAs in BC. Saturated, monounsaturated, trans- and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) are treated as distinct biological exposures rather than interchangeable measures of total fat intake. Similarly, evidence from dietary assessment, circulating biomarkers, erythrocyte membrane composition, adipose tissue stores and tumor lipid signatures is interpreted separately, because each captures exposure and biology at a different level. BC subtypes differ in FA synthesis, uptake, oxidation, storage and remodeling: luminal tumors are frequently linked to hormone-regulated lipogenesis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors to growth-factor-driven lipid metabolism, and triple-negative tumors to exogenous FA uptake, inflammatory lipid mediators and ferroptosis-related vulnerabilities. FA-derived mediators also shape immune-cell polarization, cytokine signaling and the tumor microenvironment, and dietary FAs may reshape the gut microbiota; the fiber-derived short-chain FAs it produces, distinct from dietary FAs, likewise help regulate immune and inflammatory tone. Clinical data suggest possible roles for fat-quality modification and selected n-3 PUFA interventions, but findings are heterogeneous and not yet sufficient to support routine biomarker-guided precision onco-nutrition. Candidate biomarkers, such as erythrocyte n-6:n-3 composition, require prospective validation before clinical implementation. FA biology thus represents a modifiable but complex axis in BC prevention, tumor biology and supportive care.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Evaluation of Myrothecium verrucaria as a nutrient source for ruminants.

The soil saprophytic fungus Myrothecium verrucaria was cultivated from glucose, starch, or xylan as the carbon source, and the biomass was compared with three selected feedstuffs. Fungal biomass was analyzed for nitrogen, protein, lipid, water soluble fraction, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and residual ash, and the in vitro dry matter disappearance was determined. The chemical composition of M. verrucaria varied with substrate. In nitrogen content, the fungal biomass was more similar to alfalfa hay than to milo stalks or wheat straw. Content of water soluble fraction of fungal biomass was between those of alfalfa hay and milo stalks; content of hemicellulose was between those of milo stalks and wheat straw. The fungal fractions identified as cellulose and lignin varied widely with substrate. The fungal biomass was less digestible than alfalfa hay but more digestible than milo stalks or wheat straw. There may be potential uses of this organism in upgrading nutritive value of low-quality forages.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1977

Monoamine-containing paraneurons in the sympathetic ganglia of mammals.

1. A combined method for glyoxylic acid induced catecholamine fluorescence and electron microscopy was introduced in this study of the small intensely fluorescent (SIF) or granule-containing (GC) cells of the sympathetic ganglia. 2. Adrenergic interneurons were demonstrated in the sympathetic ganglia of the rat and the rhesus monkey. 3. Existence of adrenergic paraneurons (neuro-endocrine cells) in the sympathetic ganglia of several mammalian species was suggesed by the following observations: a) catecholamines are contained in the granular vesicles of SIF cells; b) SIF cells are innervated by preganglionic cholinergic nerves and are often in close relation with fenestrated capillaries; c) SIF cells develop from the neuroblast which originated from the neural crest, and ; d) substantial surface areas of GC cells are covered by basal lamina alone. Figures indicating exocytosis of granular vesicles were often seen here. 4. There are remarkable species differences in quantity and quality of SIF cells and great discrepancies among the physiological, biochemical and the morphological observations on SIF cells.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1976

Death in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Can endoscopy reduce mortality?

In a retrospective analysis of 64 deaths from acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 46 of the patients (72%) were found to have been over 60 years of age. Recurrent or continuous bledding occurred in 24 cases; after exclusion of deaths from sudden exsanguination (9) and from bleeding varices with subsequent hepatic failure (11), only 4 patients died from recurrent bleeding. Other causes of death were postoperative complications (20) and other severe concomitant disease (20). These results suggest that improved diagnostic techniques such as endoscopy may not significantly reduce the mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Intermembrane inclusions induced by anoxia in heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria.

Heart and skeletal muscle from rats of different ages were incubated in vitro in an oxygen-free medium supplied with substrates in order to investigate the effect of anoxia on muscle fine structure, particulary on the mitochondria. In skeletal muscle fibers anoxia has been found to induce changes similar to those previously described in ischemic muscles in vivo namely giant mitochondria, apparently derived by mitochondrial fusion, and intermembrane inclusions with a paracrystalline structure. The plate-like inclusions are mostly located in the intracristal spaces and are closely associated to cristal membranes even in markedly swollen mitochondria. Identical inclusions have been observed in cardiac muscle cells following anoxic injury, whereas they are never found in non-muscle cells such as endothelia, fibroblasts and nerve fibers. Cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers from newborn rats maintained in an oxygen-free medium show mitochondrial swelling but no intermembrane inclusions. The different response of mitochondria from developing vs adult striated muscle to anoxia may be due to changes during postnatal development in the quality or quantity of the protein component(s) involved in paracrystal formation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of rumen fluid transplantation on longissimus dorsi muscle development in Xizang sheep: An association analysis based on transcriptomic and serum metabolomic profiles.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rumen fluid transplantation (RFT) on the growth and development of the longissimus dorsi muscle in female Xizang sheep. After RFT, muscle lightness differed significantly between the two groups, with the LDC group showing significantly higher lightness than the LDT group. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between groups in other muscle phenotypic traits, including drip loss, pH, cooking loss, shear force, redness, and yellowness. Antioxidant-related indices (SOD, GSH-PX, MDA, CAT, and T-AOC) also showed no significant differences between groups. Histological analysis revealed that muscle fiber length, width, and density were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Transcriptomic analysis identified 515 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 419 were downregulated. KEGG analysis indicated that genes involved in muscle development-related pathways, such as cell adhesion and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, were predominantly downregulated. Key serum metabolites (L-kynurenine, IPA, allantoin, and propionylcarnitine) showed highly significant positive correlations with muscle fiber growth indices. In contrast, metabolites such as l-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and citrulline were negatively correlated with muscle fiber growth, but positively correlated with the expression of muscle structure-related genes (COL11A1 and EFNA5) and with meat lightness. Overall, this study provides new insights into the potential molecular basis by which RFT influences muscle growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which RFT affects muscle development and meat quality-related traits remain unclear and warrant further investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of thulium fiber laser versus conventional holmium:YAG laser in anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Anatomical endoscopic enucleation is an established treatment for benign prostatic obstruction. Whether thulium fiber laser enucleation (ThuFLEP) improves outcomes over conventional holmium:YAG laser enucleation (HoLEP) remains uncertain. We compared the efficacy and safety of ThuFLEP versus non-MOSES-modulated HoLEP. METHODS: We performed a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis of randomised and comparative cohort studies comparing ThuFLEP and conventional HoLEP in adult men. Six databases were searched. Outcomes included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS quality-of-life score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual volume, hospital stay, and complications. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed with RoB 2/ROBINS-I and GRADE. RESULTS: Seven non-overlapping comparative populations in eight publications included 3,509 patients. ThuFLEP was associated with a small statistically significant reduction in IPSS at 3 months (mean difference [MD] -1.04 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.81 to -0.28) of uncertain clinical relevance. Qmax differences were small and directionally inconsistent across follow-up (favouring HoLEP at 3 months and ThuFLEP at 6 and 12 months) and derived mainly from retrospective cohorts, with neutral randomised subgroups. Stress and urge urinary incontinence were less frequent overall (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.96, and RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.68), but both estimates depended on one large registry cohort and were not robust to its exclusion. Most other complications and hospital stay showed no clear between-group difference. Limitations include few studies per outcome, heterogeneity, sparse safety events, inconsistent prostate-specific antigen reporting, and mostly low/very low certainty evidence. CONCLUSION: ThuFLEP and conventional HoLEP are clinically comparable with no definitive superiority of either laser. Platform selection should be individualised according to surgeon expertise, institutional resources, and patient characteristics. Future trials should standardise cost-effectiveness outcomes and investigate whether the distinct laser-tissue interactions impact adenoma clearance, PSA reduction, enucleation completeness, and long-term durability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dietary Laver Intake and Risk of Incident Abdominal Obesity Among Korean Adults: An 18-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Background/Objectives: Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Laver (Porphyra spp.), a seaweed commonly consumed in Korea, contains dietary fiber and bioactive compounds that may help reduce abdominal fat accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between laver intake and the incidence of abdominal obesity in Korean adults. Methods: Data from 5457 adults aged 40-69 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed. Laver intake was assessed at baseline using a validated 103-item food frequency questionnaire. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference of ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During 18 years of follow-up, 1202 men (39.4%) and 1117 women (46.4%) developed abdominal obesity. A higher laver intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of abdominal obesity in both sexes. Compared with participants in the lowest category of laver intake, those in the highest category had a 28% lower risk among men (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58-0.89; p for trend = 0.0099) and a 33% lower risk among women (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.54-0.84; p for trend = 0.0005). These associations remained significant after additional adjustment for overall diet quality. Conclusions: Higher habitual laver intake was associated with a lower risk of incident abdominal obesity in Korean adults. Further prospective and intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

[Bronchoscopic diagnosis by means of rigid or flexible optics].

In order to expand the diagnostic potentialities of bronchoscopy and decrease its risk to the patient, the author has combined rigid-tube endoscopy with the flexible fibroscopy over the last 4 years. Rigid optical systems (angulated and straight) afford far better optical quality, whereas the flexible optic oment of the lower lobe. General anesthesia through the bronchoscopy tube lowers patient stress and discomfort and, in contrast to fiberbronchoscopy alone, allows assisted breathing of the high-risk patient.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Sodium deprivation alters neural responses to gustatory stimuli.

The effects of sodium deprivation for 10 d, a period sufficient to induce sodium appetite, on gustatory nerve discharges in rats were determined. Chorda tympani responses to concentration series of sodium chloride, sucrose, hydrochloric acid, and quinine hydrochloride were recorded and analyzed without the experimenter knowing the animal's deprivation condition. After deprivation, both whole nerve and single nerve fiber responses to sodium chloride were smaller; NaCl-best fibers, those more responsive to sodium chloride than to sucrose, hydrochloric acid, or quinine, were most affected. Thresholds had not changed; however, slopes of the stimulus-response functions for sodium chloride were lowered. Comparable changes in responses to the other stimuli did not occur. These results were discussed with respect to a possible relationship between changes in sodium chloride responsivity and changes in sodium intake, differences between methods of inducing sodium appetite, coding of taste quality and intensity, and mechanisms which might effect the responsivity change.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The food and nutrient intakes of the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico.

A nutritional survey of 372 semiacculturated Tarahumara Indians in the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains of Mexico was carried out to determine the composition of their diet and its nutritional adequacy. Dietary histories from 174 adults and 198 children were obtained by interviews and field observations during 1973 and 1974. The histories for the children were calculated in part from the menus of six boarding church schools. Nutrient calculations of daily intake were based upon food composition tables and some actual analyses of Tarahumara foods. The protein intake was ample, at 87 g, and generously met the FAO/WHO recommendations for daily intake of essential amino acids. Fat contributed only 12% of total calories, its composition being 2% saturated and 5% polyunsaturated with a P/S ratio of 2. The mean dietary cholesterol intake was very low, less than 100 mg/day, and the plant sterol intake was high, over 400 mg/day. Carbohydrate comprised 75 to 80% of total calories, mostly from starch. Only 6% of total calories were derived from simple sugars. The crude fiber intake was high, 18 to 21 g/day. Salt consumption was moderately low, 5 to 8 g/day. The daily intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamin niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 exceeded or approximated the FAO/WHO recommendations. Thus, the simple diet of the Tarahumara Indians, composed primarily of beans and corn, provided a high intake of complex carbohydrate and was low in fat and cholesterol. Their diet was found to be generally of high nutritional quality and would, by all criteria, be considered antiatherogenic.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

The frequency of the ACTN3 polymorphism in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The ACTN3 gene encodes the protein alpha-actinin-3, which is crucial for fast-twitch muscle fibers, contributing to rapid and forceful contractions. The distribution of these genotypes and their impact on sports performance in Brazilian populations are not well-documented. This study aimed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of the ACTN3 R/X polymorphism in Brazil and its association with sports performance. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, including studies sourced from PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, LIPECS, Coleciona SUS, CUMED, BINACIS, IBECS, and MEDLINE databases, resulting in 42 studies included. The quality of these studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association (STREGA) guidelines. RESULTS: Among all the 8,746 participants, 35.2% had the RR genotype, 46.2% had the RX genotype, and 18.6% had the XX genotype. Regarding allelic frequency, 58.3% were R allele carriers, while 41.7% were X allele carriers. Meta-analysis showed that there was no consistent association between the ACTN3 genotypes and sports performance, although some data suggested potential benefits in athletic performance. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is the most prevalent in Brazil, followed by the RR and XX genotypes. While the R allele was more frequent, the meta-analysis did not confirm a consistent association between ACTN3 genotypes and sports performance, suggesting that other genetic and environmental factors contribute to athletic success.

Actinin↗

PubMed1979

[Nerve grafts. Experimental study. Importance of number of suture points (author's transl)].

An experimental study about 36 nervous grafts on laboratory rats is reported. This study emphasizes the interest of microsurgical technique and, further more, the role of the number of stitches improving the results of each anastomosis and, thus, the quality of neural regeneration. In each animal, after sectioning tibial nerve, a graft (sciatic nerve same side) is interposed and sutured in three different ways; in a first lot of animals 6 stitches at the level of each anastomosis; in a 2nd lot: 2 stitches and in a 3d one a single stitch. The animals are tested at the end of the 20th week, with an electrophysiological control before being sacrified. The pathological controls take in account the number of regenerated nervous fibers below the graft. Our study confirm the superiority of results in the 6 stitches lot. The authors emphasize the role played by a watertight suture to prevent an anarchic growth of regenerating axones outside the graft.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

An updated systematic review of buffalo nutritional requirements (2000-2024).

Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are large ruminants with a superior ability to digest and utilize low-quality forages, producing milk and meat of higher quality compared to cattle. Despite their importance in animal production, buffaloes remain the focus of relatively few studies aimed at defining their nutritional requirements, which often results in inadequate diet formulation and management. There, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on buffalo nutritional requirements, considering only open-access papers published in English and in indexed journals. A total of 58 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of them focused on dairy buffaloes, particularly on the evaluation of crude protein, energy levels, and fiber content in the diet. Mineral nutrition was addressed in eight studies; however, in general the evaluated levels showed no significant effects. In contrast, very few or no studies were found concerning beef buffaloes, growing animals, reproduction, or other production stages. These findings highlight a critical gap in the literature and reinforce the urgent need to direct more research efforts and resources toward establishing species-specific nutritional requirements, particularly for beef buffaloes.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Functional constipation in pregnancy and its association with dietary intake and physical activity: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint during pregnancy and has been reported to be associated with physical activity and dietary intake. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of FC and examine its association with physical activity and dietary intake among pregnant women. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, 381 healthy pregnant women attending urban health centres in Tabriz, Iran, between January 2024 and February 2025, were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. FC was diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis was performed to identify factors associated with FC. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of FC throughout pregnancy was 37%. In the first trimester, 41 out of 73 women (56%) had FC, while in the second trimester 53 out of 146 women (36%), and in the third trimester 47 out of 162 women (29%) were affected. Multivariate GEE indicated that both higher dietary fibre intake (aOR= 0.88, 95%CI 0.86-0.91, p < 0.001) and higher fluid intake (aOR= 0.59, 95%CI 0.52-0.67, p < 0.001) were associated with a reduced risk of FC. A normal BMI was associated with a lower risk of FC (aOR= 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.77, p = 0.009), whereas, secondary education was associated with a higher risk (aOR= 2.81, 95%CI 1.33-5.95, p = 0.007). Physical activity (aOR= 1.00; 95%CI 1.00 to 1.01; p = 0.168), and other demographic characteristics (p > 0.05) were not independently associated with FC after adjustment. CONCLUSION: FC is highly prevalent during pregnancy and may adversely affect women's quality of life. Higher dietary fibre and fluid intake were associated with lower odds of FC, highlighting the importance of healthy lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Sensation evoked by bipolar intrapulpal stimulation in man.

Bipolar intrapulpal stimulation was applied to human teeth using the same procedure as in animal experiments. The effects of variation of stimulus parameters on the quality of sensation were studied. A prepain sensation exists which cannot be explained by diffusion of the stimulus to periodontal tissues. When the intensity of stimulation is increased, the prepain sensation is gradually replaced by a pinprick sensation. With long, high intensity stimulation, an acute long lasting very painful sensation appears. To evoke a pinprick sensation the best stimulation seems to be a 50 msec train (0.5 msec, 300 Hz, 0.5 mA). Longer train duration and a higher intensity of current are necessary to evoke a long lasting, acute very painful sensation. Since the exclusively Adelta and C nerve fiber content of the dental pulp is well documented and since it is possible to avoid current diffusion outside the dental pulp cavity, the tooth pulp implantation seems to be a good technic for studying pain, as long as the investigator uses adequate stimulation.

Dental Pulp↗

PubMed1979

The efficient numerical solution of biological simulation problems.

A subroutine called DESOL for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations of the type arising in biological simulation problems is described. DESOL is about as efficient as current high quality integrators, but because of its compactness it can be easily used on small computers. The subroutine has excellent stability properties and functions with very little required input from the user. In addition, it has features which aid in debugging associated programs. Several test and example problems are given, as is the derivation of the major formulae used in the package.

Computers↗