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PubMed2026

Impact of Physical Environment of Pediatric Inpatient Wards on Children: A Systematic Literature Review.

ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine empirical studies published between 2003 and 2025 to identify elements of physical environments influencing health outcomes and experiences of children and families.BackgroundIn the past 40 years, research has shown that the physical environment influences the health and well-being of patients in the healthcare environment. However, similar research in the context of "pediatric inpatient wards" remains underexplored.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to identify relevant articles. All extracted articles underwent a three-step screening process using PRISMA. A total of 30 eligible articles were used for the analysis. The protocol is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023408997).ResultsKey findings reveal positive and negative impacts of identified elements. Positive-effect elements include play spaces, space for parents, natural light, connections with nature, and so on, which promote comfort, healing, and emotional resilience. Conversely, negative-effect elements, such as noise, artificial lighting, uncomfortable temperature, and so on, contribute to stress and disrupted sleep. Mixed effects were observed for elements like art and television, which underscore the complexity of designing environments that address the diverse needs of different age groups and genders.ConclusionsThe review findings highlight significant knowledge gaps. The study also tries to bridge existing gaps between research and practice by systematically identifying environmental elements, offering actionable insights to architects, designers, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Future research must adopt rigorous, culturally inclusive approaches to advance the field of pediatric healthcare design and ensure equitable care across diverse sociocultural contexts.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The Multiple Roles of Genetics on Freshwater Macrophyte Functional Traits in the Interplay With the Environment: A Review.

The study of functional trait variation is increasingly used to understand macrophyte adaptation, as traits reflect organismal performance under different ecosystem conditions. Phenotypic expression results from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors: genetics provides the molecular basis for heritable traits and constrains potential phenotypes, while the environment acts as a selective and modulatory force. However, the genetic insight into traits has rarely been addressed in freshwater macrophyte studies. This review examines the different ways in which the DNA of macrophytes interplays with the environment and contributes to the variation in their functional traits, outlining main approaches, gaps, and future challenges. Only 21 studies explicitly combined genetics with functional traits and environment in the last fifteen years. The most common approach was the use of common garden experiments to explore acclimation and adaptation in a few model species. Current studies mainly focus on morphological and growth traits that best describe macrophytes' economic strategies, with limited attention to other trait categories, while the genetic and DNA traits studied are more variable. Across studies, environmental factors generally explained a larger proportion of functional trait variation, highlighting the dominant role of phenotypic plasticity for macrophyte acclimatation, whereas genetic contribution increased under experimentally manipulated conditions. Genome size and epigenetic variation influenced phenotypic plasticity; however, the effect was different and inconsistent on traits and depended on phylogenetic relationships and geographical environment variation. In field studies of natural populations, life history traits and hydrology had a strong effect on the geographic distribution of genetic diversity and the response to selection, as well as on our ability to distinguish selection from genetic drift. Future research should enhance molecular analyses, adopt multifactorial and long-term experimental designs, develop conceptual frameworks to address the relationships between genomics, environment and functional traits and integrate emerging tools to capture macrophyte adaptation better.

adaptation↗
PubMed2026

Influence of built environment on occupational health of women workers in tea plantations of India: a systematic review.

The built environment, comprising homes, buildings, roads, public spaces, infrastructure, land use, civic design, and amenities, has a considerable influence on occupational health. In India's tea plantations, where women comprise majority of the workforce, the built environment plays a crucial role in determining occupational health. The aforementioned point can be explained by the co-occurrence of living and working conditions, which often coexist in tea plantations, further resulting in vulnerabilities to the health of women workers. Therefore, to understand the influence of built environment on the occupational health of women workers in tea plantations of India, the present paper employs a systematic review using the PRISMA 2020 framework. In the first search, 421 studies were identified, of which 21 studies met all the inclusion criteria. A quality appraisal and risk of bias of the included studies have been undertaken. The results identified that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most prevalent occupational health consequence, affecting over 80 % of the women workers in Indian tea plantations, substantiated by a range of estimates in the studies reviewed. Gendered disparities in wage earning, self-autonomy, and dual responsibilities often lead to emotional distress, as delineated in minimal of the reviewed studies, grounded on self-disclosed or qualitative analysis. Further, deprived housing conditions and other facilities across the reviewed studies reflect institutional negligence. Therefore, by conducting a systematic synthesis of occupational health of women workers in the Indian tea plantation sector through the lens of the built environment, prior accounts have been extended. Addressing these issues is essential for safeguarding women workers, which will ensure the longevity of the Indian tea industry.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Stages of recovery from central norepinephrine lesions in enriched and impoverished environments: a behavioral and biochemical study.

Adult rats were injected intraventricularly with 6-OHDA and allowed to recover for varying time periods in either an enriched colony environment or in isolation cages. When tested behaviorally in a novel environment, isolated animals showed a cyclical recovery pattern, with behavioral changes at 14 days after lesioning which were different from those seen at 2 and 45 days after lesioning. In contrast, animals housed in a colony environment showed progressive improvement and better recovery than isolates. Biochemical studies of uptake of H3NE and histofluorescence indicated that colony housed animals had enrichment effects (higher cortical NE uptake), but they were also more susceptible to 6-OHDA and did not recover well from the lesions. Isolated animals showed somewhat better recovery of NE uptake following 6-OHDA injections, especially in cortex. Because behavioral recovery from 6-OHDA was dissociated from biochemical indicators of recovery in NE circuitry, these results imply that brain systems other than NE were primarily responsible for the enhanced behavioral recovery which occurs in enriched environments.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Social-ecological assessment of environments: toward a two-factor model.

A study was conducted to test the usefulness of the two-factor model in assessing social environments. Subjects were residents and staff at a residential treatment center for emotionally disturbed and/or delinquent boys and girls. Rating instruments consisted of (a) two parallel versions of Moos' Community-Oriented Programs Enivronment Scale (COPES), each worded so as to be appropriate to the setting being measured, and (b) global ratings of satisfaction with the environment. Principal component factor analyses, carried out separately on the youths' COPES-School and the youths' COPES-Cottage, yielded two orthogonal but similar factors in each environment. In a comparison with Moos' three-dimensional formulation of the social milieu, the two factors strongly resembled two of Moos' dimensions but were more independent, had greater validity, and discriminated between the two environments at a higher level of significance. The instruments derived from the factor analyses provide a simple procedure for assessing a variety of treatment programs and populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Engineering local nitrogen coordination environments of Palladium subnanometric clusters in metal-organic frameworks for efficient hydrogenation.

Subnanometric clusters (SCs) bridge the gap between single-atom catalysts and nanoparticles by combining high atomic utilization with cooperative multi-atom effects. However, stabilizing low-coordinated SCs while maintaining accessible active sites remains challenging. Here, we introduce pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (PZDC), pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), and pyrrole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (PPy) as secondary ligands in metal-organic frameworks to regulate the local nitrogen (N) coordination environment of Pd SCs (∼0.6 nm). Specifically, PZDC provides a chemically differentiated pyrazolic dual-N environment containing formally pyridinic-like and pyrrolic-like N sites. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC HAADF-STEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirm the formation of low-coordinated Pd clusters containing PdN and PdPd interactions, while CO diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (CO-DRIFTS) reveals a distinctive adsorption environment characterized by geminal dicarbonyl species and strongly suppressed bridge-bonded CO adsorption. Within this catalyst series, the PZDC-functionalized material exhibits the highest activity and tetrahydrocyclopentadiene (THDCPD) selectivity in dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) hydrogenation. These results demonstrate that modification of the local N environment can regulate the average coordination structure, adsorption behavior, and catalytic properties of MOF-supported Pd SCs.

Hydrogenation catalysis↗
PubMed1979

The cell as an extreme environment.

Living cells and their intracellular parasites show many of the characteristics ascribed to extreme environments and their dominant species. The diversity of species colonizing intracellular habitats is low, and successful inhabitants exhibit special fitness traits that often render them obligately dependent on residence within a host cell. However, the diversity-limiting factor in the extreme environment of the host cell interior is not abiotic, as it is in conventional extreme environments. It is biotic: the living cell itself and its many activities. Host cells bar the entrance to most would-be parasites, they destroy most of those that do manage to get inside, and they deny parasites free access to many components of their soluble metabolite pools. Successful intracellular parasites have evolved fitness traits that give them the capacity to survive in the face of diversity-limiting factors or to modify the intracellular habitat so that those factors no longer operate. Looking on the cell as an extreme habitat emphasizes its simultaneous roles as environment, antagonist, and competitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Response of terrestrial microorganisms to a simulated Martian environment.

Soil samples from Cape Canaveral were subjected to a simulated Martian environment and assayed periodically over 45 days to determine the effect of various environmental parameters on bacterial populations. The simulated environment was based on the most recent available data, prior to the Viking spacecraft, describing Martian conditions and consisted of a pressure of 7 millibars, an atmosphere of 99.9% CO2 and 0.1% O2, a freeze-thaw cycle of -65 degrees C for 16 h and 24 degrees C for 8 h, and variable moisture and nutrients. Reduced pressure had a significant effect, reducing growth under these conditions. Slight variations in gaseous composition of the simulated atmosphere had negligible effect on growth. The freeze-thaw cycle did not inhibit growth but did result in a slower rate of decline after growth had occurred. Dry samples exhibited no change during the 45-day experiment, indicating that the simulated Martian environment was not toxic to bacterial populations. Psychotrophic organisms responded more favorably to this environment than mesophiles, although both types exhibited increases of approximately 3 logs in 7 to 14 days when moisture and nutrients were available.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed1978

The effect of environment on tryptophan metabolism "via kynurenine" in oral contraceptives users.

We have studied tryptophan metabolism "via kynurenine" in women who were oral contraceptives users, living in two different egyptian environments: in the city of Alexandria or in a rural area near Tanta and, in comparison, in control groups of women living in the same environments but who were not contraceptives users. In the non contraceptives users of Tanta we have registered a higher elimination of some metabolites (anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and 3-OH-anthranilic acid) which might be related to the way of life and environment. The pattern of the kynurenine pathway metabolites of the contraceptives users (studied 1, 3 and 12 months after contraceptives administration) shows some differences with respect to the controls, both in the spontaneous elimination and in that after tryptophan load. These differences are especially evident for anthranilic acid glucuronide, kynurenine and kynurenic, anthranilic and xanthurenic acids. Some differences may be observed after 1 month of contraceptives administration. The effect of tryptophan oral load is superimposed on those of environment and contraceptives use; in the spontaneous elimination of tryptophan metabolites an accomodation to the contraceptives administration is evident. The discrepancies between some of our results and those of the literature might be related to the influence of environmental factors and of the way of life.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed2026

Expression dynamics of mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab transgenes in Bt corn hybrids across growth and environments.

In 2017 and 2018, studies were conducted in Iowa, US across three environments with a history of greater than expected corn rootworm injury i.e., greater than one node of injury to (US EPA 2009) and one environment without rootworm injury, and at different growth stages, to determine the expression levels of mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab transgenes in the roots of different Bt corn hybrids namely the molecular stack (MZIR098), breeding stack (MIR604 × 5307), 5307 and MIR604. ELISA results showed that expressions of both mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab transgenes, were higher in the MZIR098 molecular stack and breeding stack (MIR604 × 5307), than the MIR604 and 5307 at V3 and VT growth stages over both years. To protect the roots from feeding damage by the corn rootworm larvae, expression of the transgenes must be high at the V3 growth stage. The expression of the transgene was significantly impacted by the stage of plant growth while the environments with greater than expected corn rootworm injury did not impact expression of the transgenes. It was found that the expression of mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab transgenes were high at the V3 plant growth stage compared to the VT growth stage. Stacking two or more genes together in the same plant such as the molecular and breeding stacks have the potential to protect roots in environments with higher-than-expected damage and slow down the evolution of resistance in field populations of rootworms.

Zea mays↗
PubMed1978

Measuring the medical school learning environment.

Medical educators' growing concern over the high level of student stress has been accompanied by a shift in their conceptualization of the problem. Student stress is increasingly seen as a problem resulting from the individual's interaction with the learning environment and not as an indication of personal deficiency. This shift has made evident the need for an instrument capable of assessing the significant dimensions of the medical school learning environment. This report describes how the Medical School Learning Environment Survey (MSLES) was developed to measure aspects of the learning environment relevant to student stress. Results of the first administration and plans for future projects using the survey are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Divergent Biological Consequences of APOE Isoforms Across Industrialized and Non-Industrial Environments.

The apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) isoform directly alters cholesterol and immune biology and is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease in industrialized settings; nevertheless, APOE ε4-which is ancestral in humans-has persisted over evolutionary time. One potential explanation is that the costs and benefits of APOE ε4 were significantly different in the environments in which humans evolved compared to those we experience today. In support, previous work has suggested that living in a high pathogen environment, engaging in high levels of physical activity, or eating a low fat diet can dampen the detrimental effects of APOE ε4, and has revealed positive effects for fertility. However, direct tests of whether APOE isoforms are associated with different biological outcomes in non-industrial versus industrialized contexts are lacking. Working with the Turkana of Kenya and the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia-two Indigenous groups in which individuals of shared ancestry span a continuum of subsistence, non-industrial to urban, industrialized lifestyles-we investigated how APOE genotypes impact cholesterol, immunological, and reproductive traits and tested for genotype x environment (GxE) interactions. First, we confirmed established genotype effects across lifestyles, showing that more APOE ε4 alleles are associated with higher total cholesterol, higher LDL cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol. Second, we tested for lifestyle interactions, finding lifestyle-dependent effects of genotype on innate immune biomarkers in the Orang Asli but not Turkana. Finally, we show that more APOE ε4 alleles are correlated with an extended reproductive lifespan, however this effect is relatively weak, is not consistent across populations, and does not correspond with a higher reproductive output. Together, our study provides evidence that industrialized environments can modify the biology of APOE ε4; however, we find that APOE ε4 is not universally beneficial in non-industrial contexts, highlighting the role of local environmental variation in determining its specific costs and benefits.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

The planning environment of health systems agencies: a strategy for intervention.

In this study, the dependence of the health systems agency, formed under P.L.93-641 in its planning environment, has been analyzed. After presenting some generic barriers to the implementation of the Act, the specific components of the planning environment that support the HSA were identified. The hypothesis is that the viability of the new HSA depends largely upon an improved planning environment. The present constituencies of the HSA are weak, or even negative. A strategy of interventions is tailored for each major component of the planning environment, on the assumption that each is unique in its structure and objectives and therefore in its client relationship to the HSA. The innovative planning processes required by P.L.93-641 will not be achieved without vigorous support from each component.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1975

Feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. II. Antibody titers in healthy cats from household and laboratory colony environments.

Antibody titers to the feline oncornavirusassociated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) were determined for 447 healthy cats from laboratory colony and household environments. Only 2.7 percent of 221 cats from colony environments were antibody positive as compared to 50.4 percent of 256 cats from household environments. Incidence of FOCMA antibody and geometric mean antibody titer for pet cats from New York City representing single cat apartment habitats were substantially lower than values for unscreened cats from the Boston, Glasgow, and Detroit suburban environments. Geometric mean antibody titer for young adults in the Boston population was significantly higher than titers for kittens or aged cats. This may be due to greater mobility resulting in increased exposure to other cats. In contrast to the high frequency of FOCMA antibody positivity in pet-cat populations, less than 2 percent of the same groups were positive for virus group-specific antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets. This was interpreted as an indication that many more cats became infected with feline leukemia virus under natural conditions that the number developing persistent virus infection and/or clinical leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Landscape genomics analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying cashmere goats and dairy goats adaptation to frigid environments.

Understanding the genetic mechanism of cold adaptation in cashmere goats and dairy goats is very important to improve their production performance. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the genetic basis of goat adaptation to cold environments, clarify the impact of environmental factors on genome diversity, and lay the foundation for breeding goat breeds to adapt to climate change. A total of 240 dairy goats were subjected to genome resequencing, and the whole genome sequencing data of 57 individuals from 6 published breeds were incorporated. By integrating multiple approaches such as phylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, gene flow and population history exploration, selection signal analysis, and genome-environment association analysis, an in-depth investigation was carried out. Phylogenetic analysis unraveled the genetic relationships and differentiation patterns among dairy goats and other goat breeds. Through signal analysis (θπ, FST, XP-CLR), we identified numerous candidate genes associated with cold adaptation in dairy goats (STRIP1, ALX3, HTR4, NTRK2, MRPL11, PELI3, DPP3, BBS1) and cashmere goats (MED12L, MARC2, MARC1, DSG3, C6H4orf22, CHD7, MYPN, KIAA0825, MITF). Genome-environment association (GEA) analysis confirmed the link between these genes and environmental factors. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the critical genes C6H4orf22 and STRIP1 demonstrated their significant roles in the geographical variations of cold adaptation and allele frequency differences among different breeds. This study contributes to understanding the genetic basis of cold adaptation, providing crucial theoretical support for precision breeding programs aimed at improving production performance in cold regions by leveraging adaptive alleles, thereby ensuring sustainable animal husbandry.

Environmental adaptation↗
PubMed1977

Incorporation of amino acids into protein in different brain areas of rat, subjected to enriched and restricted environment.

The incorporation of [14C]valine into acid-insoluble brain material from rats living in enriched and restricted environment, respectively, was studied. Quantitative estimations showed higher incorporation into brain protein of frontal, entorhinal, cerebellar and visual cortex and the hippocampus in enriched environment animals compared to restricted environment animals. This finding was confirmed by autoradiography.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2025

Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Gene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsiveness to negative environments, but also greater sensitivity to positive, resilience-enhancing conditions. This study is the first to apply the DS model to the expression of subclinical psychosis, employing polygenic risk scores of environmental sensitivity (PRS-ES). PRS-ES were hypothesized to moderate, in a DS manner, associations between childhood adversity and psychosis, affective, and anxiety dimensions in young adults. An exploratory goal examined whether PRS for psychotic-like experiences (PRS-PLE) also showed DS patterns. STUDY DESIGN: PRS, schizotypy, PLE, depression, anxiety, and childhood adversity ratings were obtained for 197 nonclinical young adults. LEGIT software for testing competitive-confirmatory GxE models was employed. STUDY RESULTS: Results largely supported DS: Individuals high on PRS-ES showed increased subclinical psychosis, depression, and anxiety if they had experienced elevated childhood adversity, and lower symptoms if exposed to low levels of adversity as compared with those with low PRS-ES. Similarly, PRS-PLE moderated the effect of adversity on PLE, positive schizotypy, and depression following the DS model, but only PRS-ES moderation on PLE survived statistical correction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic DS to the environment is relevant to psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Current debates on reconceptualization of genetic "risk" and resilience may benefit from this insight that support optimistic views on preventative efforts for early detection and intervention.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Home observation for measurement of the environment: a validation study of screening efficiency.

Home environments of 91 6-month-old infants were assessed with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory. Multiple discriminant functions composed of the six subscale scores from the HOME Inventory were used to predict whether a child would be low IQ (below 70), low average (70 to 89), or average to superior (90 and above) at age 3 years. The mean vector of Home inventory subscales for the three IQ groups was significantly different (p less than .01). Significant univariate effects were observed for three HOME Inventory subscales: organization of the physical and temporal environment, provision of appropriate play materials, and maternal involvement with child. The discriminant function of HOME Inventory subscale scores correctly predicted 71 percent of all children who scored below 70 IQ. Results attest to the usefulness of the HOME Inventory in a comprehensive program of screening for developmental delay.

Child, Preschool↗