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Results for “cytocompatibility”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the cytocompatibility of three endodontic materials.

The goal of this in vitro study was to evaluate the relative cytocompatibility of three endodontic materials: calcium hydroxide, a calcium oxide-based compound, and a zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer. The evaluation was conducted 24, 72, and 168 h after contact with the compounds and involved three complementary techniques: a colorimetric cytotoxicity test, scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The results we obtained confirmed the initial cytotoxicity of the zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer and showed that the calcium oxide-based compound had the same relative cytocompatibility as calcium hydroxide.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2000

An osteogenic cell culture system to evaluate the cytocompatibility of Osteoset, a calcium sulfate bone void filler.

The purpose of the study was to describe a convenient, reliable and quantitative in vitro assay system to assess the cytocompatibility of a calcium sulfate bone filler on two osteogenic cell lines and primary osteoblasts. The hypothesis was that the bone void filler, OsteoSet pellets, would not impact adversely on cell proliferation kinetics or osteogenic potential of selected cells. The hypothesis was tested by standard in vitro methodology of placing OsteoSet pellets either directly in contact with osteogenic cells, or by compartmentalizing within transwell - clear microporous membrane inserts. Data analyses were accomplished with appropriate post hoc statistics (p < or = 0.05). In the presence of the OsteoSet pellets, the cell lines exhibited a decrease in cell proliferation at days 4 and 7, independent of either cell type or tissue culture medium. A decrease in the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity occurred in the osteogenic cell lines maintained for 9 and 16 days in the presence of the OsteoSet pellets. However, with the exception of the MC3T3E-1 line, no differences were observed with respect to calcium deposition (mineralization) by day 16. Intact human osteocalcin release data for the human-derived OPC1 line and the primary osteoblasts was inconclusive as the OsteoSet pellets may interact with the osteocalcin secreted into the tissue culture medium. The present studies describe a cell culture system to assess the cytocompatibility of bone-graft substitutes with osteogenic cells by compartmentalizing material from direct cell contact (in transwells), and additionally, by evaluating direct cell/biomaterial interactions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Cytocompatibility study of organic matrix extracted from Caribbean coral porites astroides.

Since 1980, natural coral exoskeleton has been widely used as bone graft substitute. Despite numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the organic matrix associated with coral exoskeleton (COM). In fact, some surgical interventions have failed and this has sometimes been attributed to the exoskeleton organic matrix. For others, only amino acids are present in the matrix after coral preparation for clinical use. The objective of this study was to extract the exoskeleton organic matrix to carry out biochemical analysis and study its specific cytocompatibility. Demineralized bone powder (DBP) was used as control. A decalcification process was used to extract COM and DBP. Protein, carbohydrate and glycosaminoglycan analysis was carried out in DBP and COM using classical staining methods. Human bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of 20, 40, 80, 160 microg of COM or DBP for 24, 48 and 72 h. The methods used to analyze COM and DBP effects were scanning electron microscopy immunocytochemistry, manual cell count, and cyto-compatibility assay (Neutral red and MTT tests). Results showed that in spite of treating coral before clinical use, a COM was present in which GAG, protein and carbohydrate were found. The in vitro cytocompatibility of COM was confirmed for 20 and 40 microg values but was less pronounced for 80 and 160 microg levels.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Effect of different solvents and crosslinkers on cytocompatibility of Type II collagen scaffolds for chondrocyte seeding.

Type II collagen extracted from porcine costal cartilage was evaluated as scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Chemical crosslinkers were employed to improve the mechanical properties and the resistance toward degradation. Films and porous scaffolds were prepared from collagen solutions dissolved in 3% acetic acid (designated A) or in deionized water (designated W) and crosslinked by an epoxy (designated E) or by a carbodiimide (designated C). Immortalized rat chondrocytes and rabbit chondrocytes were used to assess cytocompatibility of crosslinked collagen matrices. Cell adhesion rate onto the films made by different preparations ranked in the order of WE > or = WC > AC > or = AE. Cell proliferation ranked in the order of AC > WC > AE > or = WE. Cells maintained round morphology only on AC and WC films. In 3-D seeding, AC scaffolds also were found to be the most cytocompatible. WC scaffolds, however, had better dimensional stability. It was concluded that Type II collagen scaffolds, when prepared by using deionized water as the solvent and carbodiimide as the crosslinker, could promote chondrocyte growth and matrix production.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

In vitro evaluation of the cytocompatibility of a glass-lonomer cement sealer.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of two different types of root canal sealers in cell culture. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured with set materials from an experimental glass-ionomer cement sealer (KT-308) and a commercially available zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer (Canals) for 1, 3, and 7 days. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated from the morphological changes under a light microscope. Canals induced severe degenerative alteration of human periodontal ligament cells. In contrast, human periodontal ligament cells adjacent to KT-308 showed normal morphology and growth during the culture period. These results suggest that the glass-ionomer cement sealer, KT-308, is cytocompatible and has good potential as a root canal sealer.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2004

Evidence that HSP70 gene expression may be useful for assessing the cytocompatibility of dental biomaterials.

In the current studies, we examined the possibility of using HSP70 gene regulation as a cytocompatibility test for dental biomaterials. For this reason, we assessed the effects of three metal salts, HgCl2, CuSO4 and NiCl2 on HSP70 gene expression in HeLa S3 cells using real-time Taqman quantitative PCR. Incubation of the cells for 4 h in medium containing HgCl2 (20 or 40 microM), CuSO4 (157, 313, 625 or 1250 microM) or NiCl2 (5000 and 10000 microM) significantly induced HSP70 mRNA. The real-time Taqman quantitative PCR was able to detect HSP70 mRNA induction at 4-fold lower concentrations of HgCl2 and 8-fold lower concentrations of CuSO4 than the Neutral Red cell viability assay. These results indicate that real-time Taqman quantitative PCR, in combination with the monitoring of cell viability, may be a valuable tool for distinguishing between specific HSP70 mRNA induction and cytocompatibility of metals in dental biomaterials.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

[Cytocompatible evaluation for skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin].

This study was intended to evaluate the cytocompatibility of skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin. Cell growth rate test and hemolysis test were conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and hemolysis reaction for skin reproducing membrane. The results showed there was no obvious cytotoxicity for this kind of membrance. The hemolysis rate was 1.15%. In conclusion, skin reproducing membrane is a material of good cytocompatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

In vitro cytocompatibility studies of Diamond Like Carbon coatings on titanium.

Diamond like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on to titanium (Ti) substrates by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) process. The quality of the films were checked by Raman spectra and nano-hardness tests. The cytocompatibility of titanium and DLC coated titanium were studied using continuous cell lines of mouse fibroblast cells ( L-929), Human Osteoblast cells (HOS) and primary human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cellular responses to the materials were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The adhesion and spreading of cells on materials were compared using Ti as a control. Present study indicates an improved cytocompatibility of DLC coated Ti in comparison to bare Ti.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Study on the cytocompatibility of biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microspheres in vitro].

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microspheres were fabricated with an average particle size of 5.08 +/- 0.23 microns. The effect of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microspheres on apoptosis and cell cycle of fibroblast was studied with flow cytometry. The data obtained clearly indicated that poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microspheres purified in different ways showed different cytocompatibility. The well purified microspheres have good cytocompatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Pinctada margaritifera nacre (mother-of-pearl): physico-chemical and biomechanical properties, and in vitro cytocompatibility].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Pinctada maxima nacre (mother-of-pearl) has been recently proposed as a bone substitute. The purpose of this work was to assess the in vitro cytocompatibility of Pinctada margaritifera nacre and its physico-chemical and biomechanical properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cytocompatiblity was assessed in contact with human osteoprogenetic cells. Attachment was measured at one hour and three hours by determining N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase activity. Proliferation was monitored by measuring metabolic activity with the MTT test. Cell morphology was studied under scanning electron microscopy and cell differentiation was assessed by immunocytochemistry monitoring of the synthesis of type I collagen and osteocalcin. Diffraction x-ray and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the physico-chemical structure. Two samples taken from the inner part of the shell and two other samples from the outer part of the shell were tested for resistance under compression and to calculate the Young module. RESULTS: The results showed that osteoprogenetic cells attached to the nacre (2/3 of the plastic control), proliferated according to a standard pattern (increased metabolic activity followed by a plateau then decreased activity), synthetized type I collagen and osteocalcin, and presented a morphology analogous to control cells cultured on the plastic culture wells. The diffraction spectrum of the crystalline structure corresponded to crystallized calcium carbonate in the form of calcite (CaCO(3)) for the outer part and in the form of aragonite for the inner part. The Young module was 46.1 Gpa and resistance to rupture was 185 Mpa. CONCLUSION: Pinctada margaritifera nacre is cytocompatible in vitro with mechanical properties very similar to cortical bone.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Cytocompatibility of nanophase hydroxyapatite ceramics].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytocompatibility of nanophase hydroxyapatite ceramics in vitro. METHODS: Hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared via wet method. The grain size of the hydroxyapatite in the study was determined by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope with image analysis software. Primary osteoblast culture was established from rat calvaria. Cell adherence and proliferation on nanophase hydroxyapatite ceramics and conventional hydroxyapatite ceramics were examined at 1, 3, 5, 7 days. Morphology of the cells was observed by microscope. RESULTS: The average grain size of the nanophase and conventional HA was 55 nm and 780 nm, respectively. Throughout 7 days period, osteoblast proliferation on the HA was similar to that on tissue culture borosilicate glass controls, osteoblasts could attach, spread and proliferate on HA. However, compared to conventional ceramics, osteoblast proliferation on nanophase HA was significantly better after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. CONCLUSION: Cytocompatibility of nanophase HA was significantly better than conventional ceramics.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of cytocompatibility of zein film with other biomaterials and its degradability in vitro.

UNLABELLED: Cytocompatibility of particle zein (Pzein) and film zein (Fzein) was evaluated and compared with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), its copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), polylactic acid (PLA), and collagen, using HL-7702 cells, in terms of cell attachment rate within 3 h, and cell viabilities at 3 and 6 days determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The zein degradation test was carried out using collagenase and trypsin, and the degradation product was added to the culture medium at different concentrations in order to examine the concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. RESULT: The adhesion rate of the HL-7702 cells on both Pzein and Fzein was higher than that on collagen film. Cell viabilities were higher on both Pzein and Fzein than on films of PLA, PHB, PHBV, and collagen from fish skin. Zein can be degraded by both trypsin and collagenase, and the degradation product can enhance cell viability within a certain range of concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Novel complexation hydrogels for oral peptide delivery: in vitro evaluation of their cytocompatibility and insulin-transport enhancing effects using Caco-2 cell monolayers.

Poly[methacrylic acid-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol)] [P(MAA-g-EG)] is a complexation hydrogel molecularly designed for oral peptide delivery. In this work, the cytotoxicity and insulin-transport enhancing effect of P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles on intestinal epithelial cells were evaluated using Caco-2 cell monolayers. A series of P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles with different polymer compositions were prepared by a photo-initiated free radical solution polymerization and subsequent pulverization. The hydrogel microparticles were preswollen in either Ca2+-containing (CM+) or Ca2+-free medium (CM-; pH 7.4) and applied to the apical side of the Caco-2 monolayers. No significant cytotoxic effects, as determined by a calorimetric assay with P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles preswollen in the CM+, were observed at doses ranging from 3 to 31 mg/cm2 of cell monolayer. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements showed that the P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles induced a Ca2+ concentration-dependent lowering in TEER values. The reduction effect in CM- media was greater than that in CM+ media (17 +/- 2% reduction in CM+ and 45 +/- 3% reduction in CM-, respectively). Insulin transport in the presence of the preswollen P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles was also strongly depended on the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. The respective estimated permeability for insulin alone and the insulin with hydrogels in CM+ were 0.77 and 1.16 x 10(-8) cm/s, whereas those in CM- were 1.18 and 24.78 x 10(-8) cm/s. The results demonstrate that the P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogel microparticles could be used as a cytocompatible carrier possessing the transport-enhancing effect of insulin on the intestinal epithelial cells.

Caco-2 Cells↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of cytocompatibility and bending modulus of nanoceramic/polymer composites.

In an attempt to simulate the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural bone, novel nanoceramic/polymer composite formulations were fabricated and characterized with respect to their cytocompatibility and mechanical properties. The bending moduli of nanocomposite samples of either poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with 30, 40, and 50 wt % of nanophase (<100 nm) alumina, hydroxyapatite, or titania loadings were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those of pertinent composite formulations with conventional, coarser grained ceramics. The nanocomposite bending moduli were 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than those of the homogeneous, respective polymer. For example, compared with 0.06 GPa for the 100% PLA, the bending modulus of 50/50 nanophase alumina/PLA composites was 3.5 GPa. Osteoblast adhesion on the surfaces of the nanophase alumina/PLA composites increased as a function of the nanophase ceramic content. Most importantly, osteoblast adhesion on the 50/50 nanophase alumina/PLA substrates was similar to that observed on the 100% nanophase ceramic substrates. Similar trends of osteoblast adhesion were observed on the surfaces of the nanophase titania/polymer and nanophase hydroxyapaptite/polymer composites that were tested. In contrast, fibroblast adhesion on the nanophase composites was either similar or lower than that observed on the conventional composites with either PLA or PMMA and minimum on all tested neat nanophase substrates. The calcium content in the extracellular matrix of cultured osteoblasts was also enhanced on the nanoceramic/PLA composite substrates tested as a function of the nanophase ceramic loading and duration of cell culture. The results of the present in vitro study provide evidence that nanoceramic/polymer composite formulations are promising alternatives to conventional materials because they can potentially be designed to match the chemical, structural, and mechanical properties of bone tissue in order to overcome the limitations of the biomaterials currently used as bone prostheses.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of the cytocompatibility of different coated titanium surfaces to fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

Over the years, many metal and polymer implants have been developed for internal fracture fixation. However, there are always some problems associated with their application, such as implant loosening or infection. This study describes how the morphology and adhesion of both fibroblasts and osteoblasts to two manufactured commercially pure, medical implant-quality anodized titanium surfaces (TS and TSS), and five modified titanium surfaces (TLF, low friction gray anodized titanium; TIG, nitrogen ion implanted TSS; THY, TSS grafted with sodium hyaluronate; TAST, TSS coated with hydrophilic hydrogel; and TT, tiodized TS) were used to obtain an indication of their relative cytocompatibility and to assess which modified surface could potentially be used in vivo. Small variations were observed both qualitatively and quantitatively in the spreading and adhesion of fibroblasts and osteoblasts to the studied surfaces. Overall, fibroblast spreading and adhesion were greatest on the TIG and TLF surfaces. Osteoblast spreading and adhesion were greatest on TS, TIG, and TAST surfaces. No fibroblasts or osteoblasts were found attached to the THY-coated surfaces. Coating medical implant-quality anodized titanium surfaces (TS and TSS) with a TLF, TAST, or more specifically TIG could probably improve soft tissue adhesion and/or osseointegration of bone in vivo. However, it seemed that a hyaluronic acid coating (THY) has potential as a coating in areas where cell adhesion is undesirable, such as orbital fractures, where muscles should avoid adhesion to the implant, and distal radius fractures, where tendons should freely glide over the implant.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Preparation, characterization and cytocompatibility of porous ACP/PLLA composites.

The purpose of this work was to incorporate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) into porous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), because ACP is capable of fast phase transformation and morphological change in body fluid, such, a desired pore wall surface within bone tissue engineering scaffolds can be created. A highly porous ACP/PLLA composite was prepared by a thermally induced phase separation technique. The results showed that the composite had an interconnected pore structure with 100 mum macropores and 10 mum micropores, and 91% porosity; 40 nm primary particles of ACP were agglomerated to 3 mum aggregates, and the aggregates were homogeneously distributed in pore walls; These aggregates showed to be in situ transformed into bone-like apatite after 1 h soaking in phosphate buffered saline solution. Human osteoblast-like cell culture showed that the ACP/PLLA composite had better cell adhesion and alkaline phosphotase activity than pure PLLA. This study demonstrates that the ACP/PLLA composite can enhance cytocompatibility and could act as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2007

Layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte films improving cytocompatibility to neural cells.

The using of layer-by-layer assembly polyelectrolyte (PE) films has been suggested as a new versatile technique for surface modification aimed at tissue engineering and cell-based chips. In this study, we investigated the surface morphology of the hyaluronic acid (HA)-based PE films deposited on the amino-functionalized glass slides using atomic force microscopy. These thin films (bilayer number <9) were measured to have nanoscale roughness ranging from 10 to 100 nm. Then the primary hippocampal and cortical neural cells were cultured on the PE films, respectively. After 5 days of culturing, the cytocompatibility to neural cells was evaluated by cellular morphology, neurite outgrowth, and microtubule-associated protein 2 expressions. From the present results, the HA-based PE films were found to be able to support neural cell adhesion and neurite development, especially for the polycation-ending films. It is suggested these HA-based multilayer PE films or similar build-ups could thus be used in the future as a way to modify surfaces for nerve scaffolds and neuron-based chips.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Paraffin spheres as porogen to fabricate poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds with improved cytocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering.

Three-dimensional poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds with high porosity and pore size ranging from 150 to 700 microm were conveniently prepared with paraffin spheres used as porogen. PLLA/1,4-dioxane solution containing a given amount of paraffin spheres was frozen at -25 degrees C to obtain a solidified mixture, followed with freeze drying and subsequent leaching with hexane to remove the 1,4-dioxane and paraffin spheres, respectively. The fabricated PLLA scaffolds were highly porous with evenly distributed and interconnected pores. The microstructures of the PLLA scaffolds as a function of paraffin-sphere size, paraffin-sphere dosage, and PLLA concentration were characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning-electronic microscopy (SEM). To improve the cytocompatibility of the bioinert material, a hybrid PLLA scaffold containing Type I collagen was prepared by pressing the collagen solution into the scaffold under reduced pressure. The amounts of the collagen introduced in the scaffolds were detected by ninhydrin method. The distribution of the collagen in the scaffolds was studied with CLSM. Finally, in vitro cell culture was performed by injecting a chondrocyte suspension into the scaffolds. The results showed that the chondrocytes were more evenly distributed and more spread out in the collagen-modified PLLA scaffolds than in the unmodified ones.

Animals↗