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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Portal circulations and their relation to counter-current systems.

We have reviewed the distribution of portal circulations throughout the animal body; they are commoner than is generally supposed. Most portal circulations consist of two serial capillary beds connected by one or more larger vessels. We have called these 'convergent' portal circulations: examples are hepatic portal, placental, hypophysial, renal, ovarian and testicular circulations, as are parts of the lymphatic circulation. A second type of portal circulation, which is less common, consists of two serial capillary beds that are not connected by larger vessels. These we have called 'continuous' portal circulations: adrenal and pancreatic circulations are examples of this type. When a countercurrent concentrating mechanism exists in the body it is always part of the primary or secondary bed of a convergent portal circulation, though some convergent portal circulations are not associated with countercurrent mechanisms.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

Mean retinal circulation time as determined by fluorescein angiography in normal, prediabetic, and chemical-diabetic subjects.

A preliminary survey has been completed using manual densitometric technics to determine the mean retinal circulation times in groups of normal controls, offspring to two diabetic parents with normal glucose tolerance (prediabetics), and offspring of two diabetic parents with abnormal glucose tolerance (chemical diabetics). Comparisons of the mean retinal circulation time showed differences between the left eye and right eye in prediabetic and chemical diabetic groups and a sex difference in both normals and prediabetics. In addition, both age and per cent ideal body weight were inversely related to the mean retinal circulation time. The levels of fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and growth hormone, in many instances, also appeared to be inversely related to the mean retinal circulation time. Similarly, the degree of glucose tolerance (determined by the area under the glucose curve above baseline) was significantly inversely related to the mean retinal circulation time. The mean retinal circulation time adjusted for per cent ideal weight was analyzed separately for both right eye and left eye, and a significantly shorter mean retinal circulation time was noted, particularly in males, for prediabetics than for normal controls and for chemical diabetics than for both prediabetics and normals. Analysis of the mean retinal circulation time adjusted for age showed similar differences. It is postulated that the genetic prediabetic state with or without glucose intolerance might be associated with significant alterations of mean retinal circulation time independent of age and per cent ideal weight. It is also suggested that a number of potentially meaningful interrelationships between the degree of glucose intolerance and/or hyperlipidemia might exist and should be further quantified.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Use of circulating immune complex levels in the serodifferentiation of endocarditic and nonendocarditic septicemias.

Distinguishing endocarditic from nonendocarditic septicemias is prognostically and therapeutically important. One hundred two patients with both valvular and nonvalvular sepsis were studied for the presence and quantitation of circulating immune complexes. Ninety per cent of the patients with infective endocarditis versus 50 per cent of septic patients without infective endocarditis had circulating immune complex levels (p less than 0.005). Mean circulating immune complex levels in patients with infective endocarditis were significantly higher than in those without infective endocarditis, 106 +/- 18.58 microgram/ml versus 31 +/- 7.4 microgram/ml (p less than 0.005). Only three of 52 patients without infective endocarditis had circulating immune complex levels greater than 100 microgram/ml, as opposed to 16 of 50 patients with infective endocarditis (p less than 0.005). Similarly, one of 52 patients without infective endocarditis has circulating immune complex levels greater than 200 microgram/ml, as opposed to eight of 50 patients with infective endocarditis (p less than 0.05). In 92 per cent of the patients without infective endocarditis and 76 per cent of those with infective endocarditis peak circulating immune complex levels developed within 14 days after their entry into the study, often on the initial sampling. In febrile, septicemic patients with clinical symdromes nonclassic for endocarditis, measurements of serial circulating immune complex levels may be of adjunctive diagnosis importance. If circulating immune complex levels are undetectable, endocarditis would appear less likely; alternatively, levels above 100 to 200 microgram/ml would suggest a valvular rather than nonvalvular septic focus.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1978

[Coronary collateral circulation in coronary atherosclerosis (author's transl)].

The coronary collateral circulation of 162 patients suffering from atherosclerosis and coronary insufficiency (coronary artery disease) was studied. It was found to be present in 44 patients, or 27.1%; homocoronary in 9%, intercoronary in 90.9%. As other Authors have previously reported, anastomotic circulation is more developed when the coronary occlusion exceeds 75%. Not one of the 44 cases with normal coronary arteries or occlusion inferior to 75% presented collateral circulation. In addition, it was found to be present more frequently in cases with three branch lesions. The time of insurgence of coronary insufficiency seems to condition the development of anastomotic circulation which appears more frequently when the symptoms have been present for more than 5 years (43.9%). Anastomotic circulation is also found more frequently (48.4%) in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction and who have angina. Collateral circulation was not found in any of the 46 patients with unstable isolated angina; this seems to show the importance, in its pathogenesis, of the functional factor (spasm). In conclusion, we may say that anastomotic circulation is more developed: 1) in cases of severe occlusive lesions (in severe coronary occlusive disease/atherosclerosis) (85%);2) in three branch lesions; 3) in cases of long standing symptomatology; 4) in stable angina and in angina t infarction.

Angina Pectoris↗