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Challenge-based instruction in biomedical engineering: a scalable method to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching and learning in biomedical engineering.

Vanderbilt University, Northwestern University, the University of Texas and the Harvard/MIT Health Sciences Technology Program have collaborated since 1999 to develop means to improve bioengineering education. This effort, funded by the National Science Foundation as the VaNTH Engineering Research Center in Bioengineering Educational Technologies, has sought a synthesis of learning science, learning technology, assessment and the domains of bioengineering in order to improve learning by bioengineering students. Research has shown that bioengineering educational materials may be designed to emphasize challenges that engage the student and, when coupled with a learning cycle and appropriate technologies, can lead to improvements in instruction.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Biomedical ethics and the biomedical engineer: a review.

Biomedical engineering is responsible for many of the dramatic advances in modern medicine. This has resulted in improved medical care and better quality of life for patients. However, biomedical technology has also contributed to new ethical dilemmas and has challenged some of our moral values. Bioengineers often lack adequate training in facing these moral and ethical problems. These include conflicts of interest, allocation of scarce resources, research misconduct, animal experimentation, and clinical trials for new medical devices. This paper is a compilation of our previous published papers on these topics, and it summarizes many complex ethical issues that a bioengineer may face during his or her research career or professional practice. The need for ethics training in the education of a bioengineering student is emphasized. We also advocate the adoption of a code of ethics for bioengineers.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗

Focus on: Washington Hospital Center, Biomedical Engineering Department.

The Biomedical Engineering Department of the Washington Hospital Center provides clinical engineering services to an urban 907-bed, tertiary care teaching hospital and a variety of associated healthcare facilities. With an annual budget of over $3,000,000, the 24-person department provides cradle-to-grave support for a host of sophisticated medical devices and imaging systems such as lasers, CT scanners, and linear accelerators as well as traditional patient care instrumentation. Hallmarks of the department include its commitment to customer service and patient care, close collaboration with clinicians and quality assurance teams throughout the hospital system, proactive involvement in all phases of the technology management process, and shared leadership in safety standards with the hospital's risk management group. Through this interactive process, the department has assisted the Center not only in the acquisition of 11,000 active devices with a value of more than $64 million, but also in becoming one of the leading providers of high technology healthcare in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Biomedical engineering education in Canada, 1996.

This paper updates the information contained in a previously published paper, ¿Bioengineering Education in Canada, 1988,¿ which appeared in the Journal of Clinical Engineering (Volume 13, No. 5). It describes the current biomedical engineering and biomedical engineering technology programs available in Canada, but does not attempt to evaluate them. There are no undergraduate degree programs specifically in biomedical engineering, although three universities have created options in biomedical engineering in undergraduate programs. Also, the clinical engineering program at the University of British Columbia has been discontinued.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Education and research in biomedical engineering of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.

Biomedical Engineering is a relatively new interdisciplinary science. This review paper presents the biomedical engineering activity, which is carried out at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE) and its partner institutions. In the first parts the main goals and the curriculum of the Biomedical Engineering Education Program is presented. The second part of the paper summarizes the most important biomedical engineering researches most of them carried out in the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of BUTE.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Teaching medical informatics to biomedical engineering students: experiences over 15 years.

The Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics at Linköping University in Sweden were established in 1972-1973. The main purpose was to develop and offer courses in medicine, biomedical engineering and medical informatics to students in electrical engineering and computer science, for a specialization in biomedical engineering and medical informatics. The courses total about 400 hours of scheduled study in the subjects of basic cell biology, basic medicine (terminology, anatomy, physiology), biomedical engineering and medical informatics. Laboratory applications of medical computing are mainly taught in biomedical engineering courses, whereas clinical information systems, knowledge based decision support and computer science aspects are included within the medical informatics courses.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Training for biomedical engineering in India.

There are biomedical engineers in India and a demand for their services, but there is an absence of trained technical staff to apply the subject within the hospitals. The current situation of the medical electronics aspect of biomedical engineering within Industry, the Hospitals and Educational Institutions is described and some of the problems identified. The particular problems of the growth of a complex technical subject within a developing country are also considered.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Focus on: Westchester County Medical Center Division of Biomedical Engineering.

The Division of Biomedical Engineering (DBME), a vital element in the structure of any medical center, provides complete biomedical equipment services at Westchester County Medical Center (WCMC), through a Biomedical Instrumentation Program. Under this program, the DBME assumes direct responsibility for all diagnostic imaging equipment in radiology, radiation medicine and nuclear medicine; and patient care, surgical life support (respiratory care) equipment in critical care units, operating rooms, G.I. (gastro-intestinal) suites, renal center, burn center, emergency rooms, as well as clinical laboratories. In addition, the DBME provides academic and internship programs, research, design, database support, technology planning, and device inspection or evaluation. The DBME is "looking into the future" for a gradual migration of state-of-the-art technology into healthcare.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Home care: a biomedical engineering challenge.

The contributions of biomedical engineering to health care delivery have focused on techniques for acquiring and processing patient data, primarily in the high technology setting of modern hospitals. The increased sophistication of hospitals is responsible in large measure for the soaring costs of health care. The current trend toward both ambulatory and home care provides new and challenging opportunities for biomedical engineering to bear on problems of great social and economic consequence in facilitating safe and effective care of the chronically ill in the security and comfort of their own homes. Techniques which are refined for use by the expanding population of both aged and handicapped individuals are also of potential value for the home care of younger patients with broader life expectancy. Projections into the future prospects for home care elicit a wide diversity of opportunities of great significance to the future of the health professions and society as a whole.

Aged↗

Some aspects of biomedical engineering research in New Delhi.

Biomedical engineering has been recognized in India for the last decade. Technological developments have been in areas of importance to the country, with several groups actively involved in the promotion of bioengineering, particularly in New Delhi. A group at the National Physical Laboratory has contributed significantly to the field of ultrasonics as well as to the development of piezoelectric transducers for other biomedical uses. The Centre for Biomedical Engineering of the Indian Institute of Technology and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences is one of the country's leading centres producing outstanding work in areas like instrumentation, rehabilitation, biomaterials, modelling and analysis. Research in technology applied to reproductive physiology (an area especially relevant to India's needs) was initiated at this centre. Research at the School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University has elucidated the effects and mechanisms of the action of low-energy electromagnetic radiation and ultrasound on biological systems--in one of the school's projects the use of bone material for ultrasonic transducers and optical detectors was successfully demonstrated. A selected list of publications shows the wide spectrum of research carried out at these institutions.

Academies and Institutes↗

Advances in biomedical engineering.

The most visible contributions of biomedical engineering to clinical practice involve instrumentation for diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation. Cell and tissue engineering also have emerged as clinical realities. In the next 25 years, advances in electronics, optics, materials, and miniaturization will accelerate development of more sophisticated devices for diagnosis and therapy, such as imaging and virtual surgery. The emerging new field of bioengineering-engineering based in the science of molecular cell biology-will greatly expand the scope of biomedical engineering to tackle challenges in molecular and genomic medicine.

Biocompatible Materials↗

Biomedical engineering: impressions of developing areas in Australia.

This paper recognizes that Biomedical Engineering is a changing field affecting Biomedical Engineering curricula developers, investors and manufacturers in Australia. It reports on some of the attitudes of senior Biomedical Engineers to future developments in Biomedical Engineering in Australia.

Australia↗

[The research fields and advances of biomedical engineering].

The research fields and advances of biomedical engineering have been reviewed in four aspects, biomedical material, biomedical engineering appliance, tele-diagnostic system and biomedical recovery engineering with 14 references.

Biocompatible Materials↗

1988 survey of hospital salaries & job responsibilities for clinical engineers & biomedical technicians.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering has conducted its third survey of the salaries paid to Clinical Engineers and Biomedical Engineering Technicians in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 1,420 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching Versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. This was the largest salary survey ever obtained in this field. The average BMET I has 2.4 years of experience and earns $19,400 +/- $3,400 (Std. Dev.). The average BMET II has 5.6 years of experience and earns $24,400 +/- $4,700. The average BMET III has 10.2 years of experience and earns $29,300 +/- $5,300. The average BMET Supervisor has 13.1 years of experience and earns $33,600 +/- $5,600. The average Clinical Engineer has 9.4 years of experience and earns $33,500 +/- $7,400. CE Supervisors are the highest paid in the field with an average 13.2 years of experience and an average salary of $43,900 +/- $11,400. Wages remain the highest on the West Coast and lowest in the Southeast. From 1986 to 1987, the nationwide average wages increased for CE Supervisors (+6.6%), BMET Supervisors (+3.1%) and BMET Is (+2.1%) but decreased for nonsupervisory Clinical Engineers (-2.1%), BMET IIs (-.4%) and BMET IIIs (-.7%). the highest quartile of CE Supervisors now earns between $48,900 and $99,000 per year. While certified individuals earn from $532 to $10,670 more than noncertified, a part of this difference is attributable to additional years of experience.

Biomedical Engineering↗

Biomedical engineering education in Europe.

Biomedical engineering (BME) education was started in Europe at approximately the same time as in the United States. However, it grew at a slower pace, and its undergraduate and graduate programs, its research orientation, and its relationship with industry and hospitals developed differently, exhibiting even less uniformity than in the United States. This report focusses on the programs of Central Europe, and compares them with the system in the United States. The consequences for the international job market in BME are discussed including the envisioned influence of the impending unification of the European Community in 1993.

Biomedical Engineering↗

The BMET (biomedical engineering technician) Internship Program at University Hospital Stony Brook, New York.

Biomedical engineering internships can influence the growth and technical competence of biomedical engineering technicians. Internships allow the biomedical engineering department that coordinates the internship program to grow and expand services and create trained, competent technicians. These new technicians become an employment resource for the coordinating biomedical engineering department and other BME departments.

Biomedical Engineering↗