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PubMed2000

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of ziram, zineb and ferbam in commercial samples and foodstuffs using phenylfluorone.

A procedure has been developed for the determination of ziram, zineb and ferbam dithiocarbamate pesticides by converting ziram and zineb into a zinc-phenylfluorone complex and ferbam into an iron phenylfluorone complex, which are then dissolved in water in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide and pyridine as a surfactant. The method is sensitive, highly selective and can be used for the determination of ziram, zineb and ferbam in commercial samples and in foodstuffs.

Dimethyldithiocarbamate↗
PubMed1995

In vitro transforming effect of the fungicides metalaxyl and zineb.

The cytotoxic effects and the transforming properties of two fungicides, metalaxyl and zineb, whose mutagenic or carcinogenic activity has not been clarified yet, were analyzed in the in vitro BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation test both in the presence and in the absence of an exogenous metabolizing system. Zineb was completely detoxified when the exogenous metabolizing system was added to the target cells to increase their inherent metabolic capacity. Metalaxyl induced cell transformation at any assayed dosage, i.e., 500, 250, and 50 micrograms/ml, in the presence of bioactivation, and at the highest dosage (500 micrograms/ml) in the absence of bioactivation. The transforming effect was detectable only in the level-II transformation cultures and it was likely linked to the induction of additional cell proliferation which allowed obtaining the transformation amplification in these experimental conditions.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1983

Acute central nervous system changes due to intoxication by Manzidan (a combined dithiocarbamate of Maneb and Zineb).

A 42-year old man sprayed Manzidan (a combined dithiocarbamate of Maneb and Zineb) on a cucumber plantation, twice during a week. Behavioural changes appeared after the first application, and loss of consciousness, convulsions and right hemiparesis after the second application with diffuse slow rhythm in the EEG. Both the behavioural and CNS symptomatology disappeared spontaneously after a few days. The previous history of the patient, the sudden appearance and spontaneous disappearance of the symptoms and a dose-response relationship strongly suggest that Maneb and Zineb were the cause of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Genotoxicity of zineb detected through the somatic and germ-line mosaic assays and the sex-linked recessive-lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster.

The genotoxicity of zineb, a carbamate fungicide, has been tested through eye, wing and female germ line mosaic assays and the sex-linked recessive-lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae of different instars, heterozygous for appropriate recessive genetic markers, were exposed to the fungicide in food for different durations of time. The adult eyes and wings were screened for induction of mosaic spots and the eggs laid by the females were checked for induction of female germ-line mosaicism. It is concluded that zineb is genotoxic to both somatic and germ-line cells of Drosophila.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The fate and persistence of zineb, maneb, and ethylenethiourea on fresh and processed tomatoes.

Tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions were sprayed with radiolabelled maneb and zineb to determine the extent of degradation of these fungicides to ethylenethiourea (ETU) and to study the persistence of ETU on the fruits. The total (14C) residues decreased from 0.082 mg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg at day 0 to 0.023 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg at day 20, on zineb- and maneb-treated fruits, respectively. This reduction was mainly due to the rapid growth of the fruits. ETU residues on tomato fruits were found to decline with time. A sharp reduction in ETU content was observed during the first 24 h after treatment, followed by a slow decline in the following 5 days. ETU content was reduced by about 80% by day 20 after the fungicide application, and the concentration of EU, the major degradation product of ETU, doubled during the same period. Studies with tomatoes fortified with (14C) ETU (0.006 mg/kg) prior to processing into tomato paste showed that 70% of the radioactivity was lost during washing of the tomatoes in water. Further losses of ETU occurred during boiling of the juice (6%) and during storage of the tomato paste for a period of 3 weeks (3%).

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1987

The measurement of ethylenethiourea and ethyleneurea in the rat and common marmoset Callithrix jacchus after zineb (zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate) dosing.

The metabolism of the fungicide zineb, (zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate), has been studied in the rat and the marmoset. 2. It was found in both species that a relatively large proportion (21-22%) of the original zineb administered was detectable in the excreta as ethylenethiourea (ETU) a known mutagen, teratogen and carcinogen. 3. A further proportion (2-5%) was determined to be ethyleneurea which is a metabolite of ETU. 4. Results of comparative experiments in marmosets revealed that ETU was photolabile in the presence of excreta, thus showing the importance of conducting the studies in the dark.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acute intoxication due to exposure to maneb and zineb. A case with behavioral and central nervous system changes.

The dithiocarbamates are considered chemicals of low toxicity. They are known to cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis in humans. Central nervous system effects in humans have not been found, but some cases have been reported in experimental animals. This case report concerns a 42-year-old man previously in good health, who sprayed a combined dithiocarbamate of maneb and zineb on a cucumber plantation twice during a week, the second time with a more concentrated solution than the first. Behavioral changes appeared after he walked through the sprayed area following the first application, and loss of consciousness, convulsions, and right hemiparesis with diffuse slow rhythm in the electroencephalogram occurred after the second exposure. Both the behavioral and central nervous system symptomatology disappeared spontaneously after a few days. An electroencephalogram was normal two weeks later. The absence of a positive previous history of the patient, the sudden appearance and spontaneous disappearance of the symptoms, and the apparent dose-response relationship strongly suggested that maneb and zineb were the cause of the illness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Diminution of activity of liver microsomal oxygenase in a rat fed with a diet with added zineb].

Young Wistar CF male rats were fed with diets containing 6,15,60,600,3600 p.p.m of zineb (a zinc thiocarbamate used as fongicide). Four weeks after the beginning of the treatment, a calcic precipitation method is used for obtaining a preparation of liver microsomes from these animals. The microsomes are then used for measuring the activity of both aminophenazone demethylase and aniline hydroxylase as well as the liver concentration of cyt. P 450 and cyt. b5. The weight growth was reduced by the highest dose of zineb, which corresponds to about a daily intake of twentieth of the LD 50 per os. The fongicide brings down the activity of the microsomal monoxygenases and reduces the P 450 quantity. The lessening of the aminophenazone demethylation is apparent starting from a dose between 60 and 600 p.p.m...

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1997

Zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (Zineb)-mediated inhibition of monooxygenases and lipid peroxidation in bovine liver microsomes.

Hepatic bovine microsomes were incubated with Zineb concentrations ranging from 2.5 mM to 2.5 microM. Only the higher concentrations of the fungicide (2.5 and 0.25 mM) elicited a sharp decline in cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5 and total sulphydryl groups content as well as in the activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase. The loss of cytochrome P450 was matched by a concomitant increase in the amount of cytochrome P420, which represents a catalytically inactive form of cytochrome P450. The same concentrations of the fungicide, either alone or in the presence of NADPH 1 mM, failed to increase the amount of thiobarbituric reactive substances with respect to control incubations, thereby excluding the possibility of lipid peroxidation as a contributing factor in the loss of cytochrome P450 and in the inhibition of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. It is concluded that Zineb can depress monooxygenase activity in bovine hepatic microsomes mainly through the denaturation of cytochrome P450 and the impaired transfer of reducing equivalents to the complex cytochrome P450-substrate. These mechanisms might also account for the inhibition in lipid peroxidation brought about by the fungicide.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of methyl parathion and zineb administration on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in rats].

Male albinos rats were fed diets containing parathion-methyl or Zineb so that the average daily intake is 1/10 or 1/20 lethal dose 50, for a period of 4 or 8 weeks. The activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, namely :aminopyrine N-demethylase, BHT oxidase, aniline hydroxylase, Butter Yellow & Amaranth reductases, NADPH-cyt. c reductase, G6P phosphatase, were measured. The activities of G6P & 6PG deshydrogenases were also determined. With the application of the parathion-methyl doses, the only effect showed is the lowering of the microsomal protein concentration.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simple method for distinguishing maneb, zineb, mancozeb, and selected mixtures.

Maneb, zineb, mancozeb, and arbitrarily selected mixtures of those can be differentiated by a simple method. Compounds are differentiated on the basis of colors produced after treatment of saturated solutions of the fungicides in n-propanol-acetone mixture (1 + 1 v/v), first with dithizone and then with monosodium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the same solvent. The color depends on the type and concentration of metal present in the sample.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of perocin (zineb) on the quality of ovine seminal fluid].

The fungicide perocin , an analogue of the preparation Zineb ( ditiocarbamate ) was applied orally with the feed to 11 rams divided into two test groups of three animals each and one control group of five rams. The preparation was administered at the rate of 1/50 and 1/100 of DL50 per kg body mass to the first and second test group, respectively, in the course of 4 months. During both the preparatory and the experimental period semen was sampled twice a week with the use of an artificial vagina, and investigations were carried out to evaluate the qualitative properties of the semen, the level of Na ions, the redoxi -potential and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase (APh). Apparently, the preparation triggered a trend toward increasing the number of pathologic spermatozoa (20-30 per cent) and decreasing to a lower extent the concentration of the sodium ions and the values of the redoxi -potential. The motility of spermatozoa was lowered by 4.3 per cent for the animals that were treated with 1/50 DL50 per kg body mass, and by 2.1 per cent for those that were offered 1/100 DL50 per kg body mass. There were certain differences between the values obtained although these were statistically insignificant so far as the alkaline phosphatase was concerned. They pointed to the fact that perocin contributed to the increase in the value relationships of some of the forms of this enzyme. The same applied also to the APh1 which is believed to have certain bearing upon preserving the activity of spermatozoa.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

[Study of three biocides (dimethoate, parathion ethyl and zineb) on female rat neuro endocrinological balance (author's transl)].

The authors studied the neuro endocrinological effects of three pesticides. Two of them were organophosphorus compounds (ethyl parathion and dimethoate) and one was a carbamate (zineb). Mature female rats have been orally administered these compounds for 16 days at respectively 1/25, 1/10 and 1/10 of the LD50. The parameters recorded are: the gonadotropins, the length of estrous cycle and the weight of the anterior pituitary gland, the ovaries and the uterus. In contradistinction with the organochlorine compounds the organophosphorus did not induce any disturbances in the neuro endocrinological system, whereas the carbamate compound decreased the pituitary gonadotropins.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Action of feeding lindane or/and zineb on aflatoxin B1-induced toxic effects in rat and mouse liver (author's transl)].

The action of the ingestion of balanced diets containing pesticides [lindane (125 ppm) or/and zineb (5200 ppm)] on aflatoxin B1-induced toxic effects (inhibition of RNA and protein syntheses in liver) has been determined in two animal species. In the rat, the ingestion of these diets for 4 weeks before aflatoxin B1 treatment (0,7 mg/kg for 3 h), strongly decreased the toxic effects on both transcription and translation. By contrast, in the mouse, the above-mentioned diets did not modify the extent of the inhibition produced by aflatoxin B1 (60 mg/kg for 3 hr) on RNA and protein syntheses. These results were discussed.

Aflatoxins↗