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Results for “World Psychiatric Association”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Implementation of evidence-based practices for children in four countries: a project of the World Psychiatric Association.

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined implementation issues in adopting cognitive-behavioral therapies in routine clinical settings in four countries reflecting diverse cultures, languages, settings, and traditions. METHOD: A Director's Systems Survey was administered prior to program implementation and one year later. Therapist ratings on attitudes about evidence-based practices and satisfaction were also gathered. RESULTS: All sites reported successful adoption of the program, although significant variations existed in fiscal support, family involvement, prior experience with cognitive-behavioral therapies, and plans for sustainability. Therapists' ratings indicated overall satisfaction with the implementation of the project. Findings from the Director's Systems Survey pointed to five factors facilitating implementation: 1) early adoption and guidance by innovative leaders (i.e., the Directors); 2) attention to the "fit" between the intervention model and local practices; 3) attention to front-end implementation processes (e.g., cultural adaptation, translation, training, fiscal issues); 4) attention to back-end processes early in the project (e.g., sustainability); and 5) establishing strong relationships with multiple stakeholders within the program setting. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation issues here mirror those identified in other studies of evidence-based practices uptake. Some of the obstacles to implementation of evidence-based practices may be generic, whereas issues such as the impact of political/economic instability, availability of translated materials, constitute unique stressors that differentially affect implementation efforts within specific countries.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Reducing stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders: a technical consensus statement.

This technical consensus statement is jointly produced by the Old Age Psychiatry section of the World Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization, with the collaboration of several NGOs and the participation of experts from different Regions. It is intended to be a tool for (i) promoting debate at all levels on the stigmatisation of older people with mental disorders; (ii) outlining the nature, causes and consequences of this stigmatisation; and (iii) promoting and suggesting policies, programmes and actions to combat this stigmatisation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Apartheid as a public mental health issue.

The most serious hazard to the physical and mental health of the majority rural poor black population in South Africa is caused by the ruling wealthy white minority's policy of apartheid. Forced removals and dumping of millions of people into small, disconnected, barren, poor reserve areas, bereft of adequate medical, psychiatric and public health services (the 'final solution' of the 'native problem') causes widespread malnutrition, infectious and other diseases, and high mortality and mental-illness rates. Blacks and progressive whites are banned, terrorized, detained without trial, tortured, and murdered by the state; the Africans are not only disfranchised but are now also being denationalized and deprived of their ancient birthright to this richly-endowed part of Africa. Acceptance of this modern version of Naziism by the World Psychiatric Association and the World Medical Association, in the face of adequate information provided by the United Nations, its agency the World Health Organization, the American Psychiatric Association, and numerous other agencies and reports, needs urgent examination and decisive action.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed2000

The Declaration of Hawaii and Clarence Blomquist.

The international code of ethics of psychiatry, the Declaration of Hawaii was in the main the achievement of Clarence Blomquist. There were several prerequisites for the success of this work. 1. The unique profile of the education of Clarence Blomquist, combining training to be a specialist in psychiatry with a doctor's degree in practical philosophy. 2. An outstanding competence in analyzing complicated issues and in putting thoughts into words. 3. The courage to challenge the Hippocratic ethics and adapt the principles of ethics to modern health care. 4. A scholarship at the Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, where he could test his ideas in an intellectual interdisciplinary atmosphere. 5. Support from the late Professor Leo Eitinger, Norway and Professor Gerdt Wretmark, Sweden, who together with Clarence Blomquist constituted a task force on ethics of the World Psychiatric Association. 6. A continuous backing-up by Dr Denis Leigh, the then secretary general of the World Psychiatric Association. Denis Leigh was convinced that a code of ethics was the only means to reconcile the various member countries on issues of misuse of psychiatry and, in addition, would raise the quality of psychiatric care throughout the world.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1986

The psychological effects of Apartheid psychoanalysis: social, moral and political influences.

The notorious governmental policy of Apartheid affects the people of that country psychologically, as well as politically, socially, economically and medically. It does so in a variety of ways, including: the humiliating effects on blacks and arrogance inducing effects on whites; the disruption of family-life by the enforced migrant labor system; the stunted brain-development and behavioral effects that result from the inexcusably widespread childhood malnutrition in that wealthy country, (the world's 6th-largest food-exporter); the distortions and alienations in personality development, on racial lines; the mental breakdowns and suicides that result from the physical and mental torture that unchanged security-police detainees are subjected to while under interrogation. In addition, when mental health services are required they are grossly inferior for blacks, especially in the rural areas and particularly in out-patient care. The white-doctor: black-patient relationship, perforce the rule, is distinctly problematic in this socio-political climate. The World Medical Association and the World Psychiatric Association have been supportive to the South African government and silent, respectively, in the face of all the documented information on this hazardous public health situation. The United Nations and its agencies, the World Health Organization and the Centre Against Apartheid, should be commended for their work and unequivocal stands on this issue and should be heeded in their calls for a principled response by more of the world's psychiatric, psychological and medical communities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2001

Culture and child psychiatric disorders. A Nigerian perspective.

This article has reviewed some critical aspects of the sociocultural framework informing the life and health of Nigerian children and adolescents. Expectations on individual and social functioning and on the role of extended families have been highlighted. Cultural influences on the manner and circumstances of assessing health problems and on development, presentation, and course of child psychiatric disorders have been outlined. Approaches and strategies for therapeutic invention have been summarized, with attention given to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, and to the organization of therapy and counseling aimed at satisfying goals and needs of children and adolescents in Nigeria. Even just adequate epidemiologic data, ordinarily considered to be the hallmark of evidence-based scientific statements on child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, are infrequent in Africa in general, and in Nigeria in particular, because of sociopolitical and dire economic factors. The latter affects the availability of resource personnel and results in lack of infrastructural facilities, which are needed for the identification of accurate health indicators in the continent. The challenge is, therefore, great. Local officials, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals must work in partnership with each other and with international institutions such as the World Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization to advance the study of the cultural framework of illness and health towards upgrading clinical care and health promotion of children and adolescents in Nigeria, and more generally, in the whole of Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Discriminant validity of the Eating Attitudes Test according to American Psychiatric Association and World Health Organization criteria of eating disorders.

The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive predictive value of the Eating Attitudes Test in a sample of Spanish nonclinical 18-yr.-olds. 304 subjects answered the Eating Attitudes Test-40, 290 of whom were interviewed individually with the Spanish version of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Eating disorders were diagnosed using ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria. The prevalence of eating disorders was higher for ICD-10 (5.2%) than for DSM-III-R (2.6%) and only affected the rate of diagnosis in women. According to ICD-10 criteria, the cut-off of 25 was more sensitive (87.5%) than the cut-off of 30 (75%) and varied little in specificity (93.9% vs 97.1%). The positive predictive value of the Eating Attitudes Test cut-off of 30 for eating disorders (ICD-10) was 36%. Our results support the test as useful for identifying eating disturbances in 18-yr.-olds and suggest assessment of a cut-off lower than 30 may be appropriate in the general population if confirmed in further research with a representative sample of adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The state of psychiatry in South Africa today.

The very idea/philosophy behind the South African government's policy of Apartheid (separation), is insulting and humiliating to the black people and tends to incite arrogance and a sense of superiority, even omnipotence, in the whites. Personality development is skewed along racial lines. The mental effects of malnutrition and certain physical diseases, both of which are widespread in South African blacks, especially among their children, are well known. The torture to which security-police detainees have been subjected has resulted in thousands of cases of mental ill-health, as well as physical ill-health, and about 100 deaths, in the past 30 years. Authoritative reports about the in-patient psychiatric facilities for blacks have shocked the world medical, psychiatric and lay communities, and out-patient services for blacks are only sparsely existent, especially in the rural areas (the so-called 'independent homelands' and 'self-governing national states'). The socio-political climate makes interracial therapy, necessary because of the paucity of trained black professionals, particularly difficult. This fact, and the psychological implications of Apartheid, have, until very recently, hardly ever been addressed by psychiatrists and psychologists practising in South Africa. The United Nations and its agency, the World Health Organization, have taken unequivocally oppositional stands for decades but the (West-oriented) World Medical Association and the (mostly-Western) World Psychiatric Association have yet to speak out on this issue, like they have on those involving the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries.

Black or African American↗