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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Perception of the fundamental frequencies of children's voices by trained and untrained listeners.

This study was designed to determine if trained voice clinicians were better than untrained listeners in judging differences in the fundamental frequencies of children's voices. We also attempted to determine the degree of difference in fundamental frequency necessary for accurate judgments. Finally, ability to perceive pitch differences in speaking voices was correlated with ability to judge puretone stimuli. Results indicated that trained clinicians were no better at judging average fundamental frequency than were untrained listeners. Both groups performed at chance level until differences in vocal fundamental frequency exceeded 20 Hz. Finally, there was no correlation between subjects' success on standardized puretone pitch tests and ability to judge average pitch in the speaking voice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of voice emission training on the improvement in voice organ function among students attending the college of teachers].

One of the major causes of frequent voice disorders in teachers is incorrect vocal emission technique. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of logopedic training on voice emission parameters and vocal organ disorders in students attending the college for teachers. The study group comprised 45 female students who experienced vocal abnormalities after excessive vocal effort. Questionnaire surveys, phoniatric and videostroboscopic examinations were performed in all subjects before starting and after completing the logopedic training. The training was preceded by a theoretical seminar on voice organ anatomy, physiology, and hygiene. The logopedic training lasting two-three months contributed to the improvement in voice characteristics and the condition of voice organ in the majority of students, as well as in phoniatric parameters, including the increase in the maximum phonation time, the frequency range of voice, the reduction of the glottal insufficiency and the elimination of "soft" vocal nodules. The results of the study indicate that the implemented voice emission training improved significantly voice quality and allowed for providing an efficient therapy of already existing functional disorders of the larynx.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral communication of laryngectomized patients with tracheoesophageal prosthesis: pre and post-treatment comparative analysis].

BACKGROUND: Speech and voice training for laryngectomized patients with tracheoesophageal prosthesis. AIM: to compare the quality of oral communication of a group of laryngectomized patients with tracheoesophageal prostheses, pre and post speech and voice training. METHOD: Voice and speech samples of 17 laryngectomized patients were analyzed before and after receiving speech and voice training. The voice and speech samples were mixed and presented to speech-language pathologists for assessment. RESULTS: Statistically significant (Binomial Test) improvement was observed. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the proposed training improved the speech patterns, including melody and singing.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of two perceptual voice evaluation training programs for naive listeners.

Studies have raised concerns about the reliability of traditional clinical perceptual voice evaluation. References, training, and the analysis-by-synthesis method were proposed to improve this reliability. However, no study has directly compared the effectiveness of these methods. This study compared two training programs that are based on an anchors method and a paired comparison method. The aim of the programs was to improve the ability of naive listeners to detect subtle differences in breathiness. This study found that trained listeners showed significant improvement after training. Equivocal results were found as to which of these training methods was more effective. However, it is suggested that listeners should be trained before they use the analysis-by-synthesis method. The findings of this study provided more information on developing the theoretical framework proposed by Kreiman et al, in particular the "nature" of the internal representations of voice quality. An exemplar-based approach for processing breathiness is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Late voice function after surgical injury to the recurrent nerve.

In the period 1960 to 1970, a total of 213 patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy for benign cervical toxic goitre. Postoperatively, immobile vocal cord indicating paralysis of the recurrent nerve was found in 17 patients. In 8 patients, immobility of the vocal cord was permanent. Seven of the 17 patients received voice training which was initiated within 3 weeks after operation. After a period of 5-10 years, on an average 8 years, the 17 patients had a clinical and a comprehensive objective examination of the voice function comprising stroboscopy, electroglottography, phono-oscillometry, voice range, phonation time, peak-flow and pitch. Only a few complaints were ciliated whereas the objective examination of the voice function revealed abnormal findings in all but one patient. The findings were less abnormal in patients who had received early voice training. It is concluded that despite abnormal objective findings, all 17 patients found their voice function satisfactory. Moreover, early voice training seemed to offer a fair chance of minimizing late voice problems, whether the paralysis was permanent or transitory.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative analysis of professionally trained versus untrained voices.

The aim of this study was to compare healthy trained and untrained voices as well as healthy and dysphonic trained voices in adults using combined voice range profile and aerodynamic tests, to define the normal range limiting values of quantitative voice parameters and to select the most informative quantitative voice parameters for separation between healthy and dysphonic trained voices. Three groups of persons were evaluated. One hundred eighty six healthy volunteers were divided into two groups according to voice training: non-professional speakers group consisted of 106 untrained voices persons (36 males and 70 females) and professional speakers group--of 80 trained voices persons (21 males and 59 females). Clinical group consisted of 103 dysphonic professional speakers (23 males and 80 females) with various voice disorders. Eighteen quantitative voice parameters from combined voice range profile (VRP) test were analyzed: 8 of voice range profile, 8 of speaking voice, overall vocal dysfunction degree and coefficient of sound, and aerodynamic maximum phonation time. Analysis showed that healthy professional speakers demonstrated expanded vocal abilities in comparison to healthy non-professional speakers. Quantitative voice range profile parameters- pitch range, high frequency limit, area of high frequencies and coefficient of sound differed significantly between healthy professional and non-professional voices, and were more informative than speaking voice or aerodynamic parameters in showing the voice training. Logistic stepwise regression revealed that VRP area in high frequencies was sufficient to discriminate between healthy and dysphonic professional speakers for male subjects (overall discrimination accuracy--81.8%) and combination of three quantitative parameters (VRP high frequency limit, maximum voice intensity and slope of speaking curve) for female subjects (overall model discrimination accuracy--75.4%). We concluded that quantitative voice assessment with selected parameters might be useful for evaluation of voice education for healthy professional speakers as well as for detection of vocal dysfunction and evaluation of rehabilitation effect in dysphonic professionals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of aerodynamic and electroglottographic parameters in evaluating clinically relevant voicing patterns.

The purpose of the present study was to identify one or more aerodynamic or electroglottographic measures that distinguish among voicing patterns that are clinically relevant for nodule pathogenesis and regression: a presumably pathogenic pattern (pressed voice), a neutral pattern (normal voice), and two presumably therapeutic patterns (resonant voice and breathy voice). Trained subjects with normal voices produced several tokens of each voice type on sustained vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/. For each token, maximum flow declination rate, alternating current flow, and minimum flow were obtained from inverse-filtered airflow signals, and closed quotient and closing time were obtained from electroglottographic signals. The results indicate that for /a/ and /i/ (but not for /u/), the closed quotient provides a sensitive tool for distinguishing the voice types in physiologically interpretable directions. Further, post-hoc analyses confirmed a direct relationship between the closed quotient and videoscopic ratings of laryngeal adduction, which previous work links to nodule pathogenesis and regression.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Physical appearance and voice in male-to-female transsexuals.

It has been suggested that sex judgments of male-to-female transsexuals based on the voice may be influenced by the physical appearance of the clients. To explore this hypothesis, a listener experiment was designed in which a panel of 22 laypersons and 22 students in speech-language pathology rated the "femaleness" of fourteen male-to-female transsexuals from video-recorded speech samples in three modes of presentation: auditory-only presentation, visual-only presentation, and audiovisual presentation. Results indicate that appearance and voice are indeed interacting factors. Ratings from the auditory-only presentation were significantly lower than ratings from the audiovisual presentation and ratings from the visual-only presentation were significantly higher than those from the audiovisual presentation. It follows that the success of voice training in male-to-female transsexuals is not solely dependent on vocal characteristics and that speech pathologists should consider incorporating physical appearance as a treatment and outcome variable in the voice training of male-to-female transsexuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The lombard reflex as a test of vocal function (author's transl)].

Any impairment of audio-phonatory control by background noise is followed by an increase in both the intensity and pitch of the speaking voice (Lombard reflex, 1911), thus increasing vocal strain. As a consequence, it might be anticipated that persons reacting to noise with marked changes in voice might be more liable to develop dysphonia. 22 singers, 34 normal controls, and 22 patients with hyperfunctional dysphonia where studied. In all patients, both ears were gradually masked with white noise. The change of the mean intensity level and of the mean pitch level of the speaking voice were then measured objectively with a special fundamental frequency analyzer (Fedders and Schultz-Coulon, 1975). Results show that the increase of intensity is comparable in all subjects, whereas the elevation of the mean pitch level differs significantly: trained voices (singers) react with the least pitch increment whereas dysphonic patients react with the most. The following conclusions were made from the present investigation: 1. Extreme increments in pitch level can be considered to be a more significant etiological factor of dysphonia than intensity increments; 2. Vocal therapy and voice training may have a favorable effect on the Lombard reflex (probably by improvement of the kinesthetic control mechanism) so that the speaking voice in a noisy environment is raised less with less vocal strain. The study also indicates that measurement of pitch changes during binaural masking can provide important information for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of dysphonia.

Aphonia↗
PubMed2002

[The outcome of hydration in functional dysphonia].

Functional dysphonia has high prevalence among professional voice users. Different aspects should be considered in vocal therapy. One of them is hydration. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of hydration on a few aspect of vocal dysfunction. 75 subjects were distributed into three different groups. 23 participated as a control group, 27 received hydration treatment and 25 received hydration treatment plus voice training. Dryness, mucosity, phonatory effort, hoarseness, fundamental frequency (Fo), maximum phonatory time (MPT), time of speech and laryngeal status were the variables evaluated at time 0 and 14 days later, immediately after the completion of the treatment of each group. Statistical differences regarding dryness (p = 0.003) and hoarseness (p = 0.033) were found between the control group and the groups receiving treatment. There were no statistical differences in severity and frequency of variables measured at time 0 at 14 days later in the control group. However, all variables except laryngeal status, improved significantly in the groups receiving hydration alone. Only clinical variables improved in the combined group. These findings indicated a therapeutic benefit of hydration, with or without voice training, for functional dysphonia. Further studies using acoustic and stroboscopic analysis are required in order to define the effect of hydration on the compliance of glottic sphincter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vocal cord dysfunction mimics asthma and may respond to heliox.

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), an under appreciated cause of wheezing, may be mistaken for or coexist with asthma. The vocal cords involuntarily adduct during inspiration, leading to inspiratory or biphasic wheezing. Asthma therapy offers no benefit and may result in injury. Proof of diagnosis requires endoscopy during an episode. Definitive therapy involves voice training by a speech pathologist, but heliox (20% to 40% oxygen in helium) has been used to reduce symptoms, resulting in dramatic improvement in wheezing and less anxiety. A retrospective review of recent experience with heliox treatment for patients with VCD was conducted, using a search of computerized inpatient and outpatient physician dictation reporting at Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic. Five patients age 10 to 15 years were treated with a favorable response in four. There were no complications of therapy. A high index of suspicion can lead to the diagnosis of VCD, avoiding expensive, inappropriate, and harmful therapy. A trial of heliox inhalation for patients with symptomatic VCD may prove beneficial, analogous to the "reliever" role of beta agonists for asthma. Home or school use of heliox may reduce acute care visits, while voice training ("controller" therapy) is instituted.

Adolescent↗