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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Infant vision testing by a behavioral method.

A behavioral method of screening binocular infant vision called forced choice preferential looking (FPL) has been developed. Clinical trials of the FPL test for young infants are reported here. The test aids nonspecialized personnel in early identification of bilateral ocular abnormalities and anomalies of binocular cooperation (strabismus). It is not possible to screen for monocular eye disease or amblyopia with this test. Modifications of the FPL test may offer new ways of assessing other aspects of visual function early in life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Objective vision test in very young children (author's transl)].

By means of the Catford Visual Acuity Apparatus it is possible to determine objectively the visual acuity even in very young children easily and in a very short time; in children aged less than one year in most cases only a binocular later on a monocular acuity could be ascertained. There are almost no difficulties caused by the language. The visual results of 100 patients are given, 63 of which were under 3 years old; 10 children were aged between 5 and 24 months. A control group of 30 patients was also tested with Pflüger optotypes, and the results were compared; half of them were as good as, half of them -- mostly slightly -- better than the results gained by the Pflüger-test. We can therefore recommend the use of the Catford Apparatus in very young children and in such cases where the visual acuit can be determined only under very difficult conditions. The results are exact and can be assumed to be the same as with Pflüger's optotypes. Moreover, the Catford's apparatus may be also used for the testing of aggravants.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Color vision testing.

1. Color deficiency occurs in about 8% of the population, due to alterations in the chemistry of one of the three receptive pigments for colored light, or the substitution of one pigment for another in the photoreceptor cones. 2. Subjects with pigment alteration can see a broad range of color; those with substitution of one pigment for another have broad areas of color perception defect. 3. The most common tests are pseudoisochromatic (color confusion) plates, designed with patterns hidden to the color deficient. Other tests use colored caps, tracing patterns, or an anomaloscope.

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed1975

Predictive validities of several clinical color vision tests for aviation signal light gun performance.

Scores on the American Optical Company (AOC) test (1965 edition), Dvorine test, Farnsworth Lantern test, Color Threshold Tester, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test, Farnsworth Panel D-15 test, and Schmidt-Haensch Anomaloscope were obtained from 137 men with color-defective vision and 128 men with normal color vision. The validity of each of these tests in predicting scores on the aviation signal light gun was assessed by using daytime and nighttime administrations of the light gun as the criteria. Two "best sets" of plates from the AOC and Dvorine tests were selected by calculating a multiple regression equation in a stepwise manner with the nighttime and then the daytime administration of the signal light gun test as the criteria. Based on a graphic presentation of the miss and false alarm rates for each test at various possible cut scores, suggestions were made regarding the use of each test and the selection of optimal pass/fail scores.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1992

[Visual acuity and driver's licence among young people. Are routine vision tests necessary?].

The minimum visual acuity for obtaining a driver's licence for smaller vehicles in Norway is 0.5 (5/10). However, visual acuity is not routinely tested on application for the licence. Among 720 conscripts examined by a draft board, five (0.694%) had a visual acuity of less than 0.5, and did not have spectacles or lenses. The estimated standard deviation is 0.31%. The upper 95% one sided confidence limit was estimated to be 1.46% (Poisson-distribution). It is concluded that checking the vision of all applicants for a driver's licence would have only a marginal effect on safety.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Visual acuity and colour vision tests--a preliminary report.

Results are reported of a preliminary survey of colour vision changes in fifteen patients with central serous retinopathy. Colour vision was monitored with the HRR plates, 100-hue test and Nagel anomaloscope. In those patients revealing an acquired dyschromatopsia the defect had a tritan-like response. However, diagnosis is made difficult because of the positively correlated trend between 100-hue error score and visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pre-employment colour vision testing.

Male candidates (1020) for employment in occupations that required discrimination of colour were subjected to the Ishihara test and two trade tests of colour perception, the Giles Archer Lantern test and the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) wire test. One hundred candidates failed the Ishihara test, 61 of the 100 passed both trade tests; 16 of the 100 passed the wire test alone and 7 of the 100 passed the lantern test alone but only 16 failed all 3 tests. Seventy-seven of the 84 who passed some part of their colour perception assessment were offered employment appropriate to their colour vision ability. Eleven of the 16 who passed the wire test alone and 3 of the 6 who passed the lantern test alone successfully entered employment. The Ishihara test, whilst being a useful screening test, is not sufficient on its own as a test of suitability for employment; one or more trade tests should be administered before rejecting candidates who fail it.

Aircraft↗