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Smoking, plasma antioxidants and essential fatty acids before and after nutratherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of smoking on plasma antioxidants with and without antioxidant vitamin nutratherapy. DESIGN: Chronic smokers (n = 10, 16 +/- 4 cigarettes a day) and nonsmokers (n = 17) of both sexes were recruited from patients with arthritis-like symptoms. After baseline studies of plasma antioxidant vitamins Q (ubiquinone) and E (alpha-tocopherol) and essential fatty acids (EFA, vitamin F), three months' nutratherapy with vitamins Q (90 mg) and E (350 mg) was administered and plasma reanalyzed. RESULTS: No sex differences were seen in smoking habits or plasma nutrients. Smokers had normal Q (0.71 +/- 0.07 mg/L) but depressed E (9.4 +/- 0.6 mg/L, P < 0.01). EFA were the same in both groups. Nutratherapy increased Q by about 90% in both groups and E by 47% in smokers and 101% in nonsmokers (P < 0.01). In nonsmokers, nutratherapy protected omega-3 fatty acids (vitamin F1)-plasma docosahexaenoic acid increased by 39%. The vitamin F index (omega-6:omega-3, ratio) remained unchanged in the smokers but decreased in the nonsmokers and became related to the individual plasma vitamin Q but not to vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between smokers and nonsmokers before nutratherapy. Nonsmokers may have suffered from passive smoking. After nutratherapy the quantitatively most important antioxidant, ie, vitamin E, increased more in nonsmokers than in smokers. This resulted in less vitamin F1 peroxidation. Nutratherapy cannot overcome disadvantages associated with smoking. Nonsmokers might achieve an antioxidant protection with nutratherapy, which could mean a possible reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗

[Lipid metabolic indices in man during head-down tilt hypokinesia and their correction].

Twenty one test subjects exposed to head-down tilt for 120 days were subdivided to four groups: Group 1--nine subjects used as controls, Group 2--three bed rested subjects who performed regular exercises, Group 3--four bed rested subjects who were given selected drugs, including Vitamin F-99 that influenced lipid metabolism, and Group 4--four bed rested subjects who performed regular exercises and received Vitamin F-99. At different stages of bed rest and recovery the content of lipoprotein fractions and lipids of different classes in serum was measured by thin-layer chromatography. The concentration of cholesterol in biliary lipids was determined. In Group 1 and 2 subjects bed rest led to a drastic and significant increase of cholesterol esters in blood, a decrease of phospholipids, variations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, and a lower percentage content of alpha-lipoproteins. The use of Vitamin F-99 produced positive changes in the above parameters of lipid metabolism (it normalized the level of cholesterol and phospholipids). In Group 4 subjects the effect of exercise combined with drugs was most distinct.

Bed Rest↗