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PubMed1987

Influence of halo vest treatment on vital capacity.

Respiratory function (vital capacity) was studied in 20 consecutive patients with unstable cervical spine injuries treated with a halo vest. Eight patients were neurologically intact. Twelve patients had incomplete spinal cord injuries that were classified on a neurologic function scale (Sunny-brook) immediately and 3 months after injury. Spirometric tests were done within 1 week of halo vest fixation, after 3 months of treatment, and 1 week after dismounting of the halo vest. The results showed that initial vital capacity was smaller than predicted normal in all patients and 30% less in neurologically impaired patients. Both groups improved during the treatment and somewhat more after removal of the halo vest. In neurologically intact patients, the halo vest caused a respiratory restriction of 10%, which was fully regained after removal of the halo vest. The difference between the groups remained throughout the study. There was no evidence that the halo vest itself affects the vital capacity more in patients with incomplete cord lesions than in neurologically intact patients. All of the cervical spine injuries healed uneventfully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A simple method to monitor performance of forced vital capacity.

The forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver is the most common lung function test. One of its major prerequisites is that it be performed with sufficient effort to achieve the maximal flows that are due to expiratory flow limitation. To verify this, in nine normal subjects, short (0.25-s) pulses of negative pressure (-5 to -20 cmH2O) were applied at the mouth at different times (0.25-1 s) after the onset of 1) FVC maneuvers and 2) vital capacity expirations with submaximal expiratory efforts (SVC). All subjects were experienced in FVC maneuvers. With FVC, the expiratory flow did not change with application and removal of negative-pressure pulses, apart from brief flow transients, mainly reflecting displacement of air from the compliant oral and neck structures. With SVC, flow increased throughout the application of the negative-pressure pulses. Thus application of pulses of negative pressure provides a simple method for on-line recognition of whether an FVC maneuver is performed with sufficient effort to achieve flow limitation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hatha yoga: improved vital capacity of college students.

CONTEXT: The vital capacity of the lungs is a critical component of good health. Vital capacity is an important concern for those with asthma, heart conditions, and lung ailments; those who smoke; and those who have no known lung problems. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of yoga postures and breathing exercises on vital capacity. DESIGN: Using the Spiropet spirometer, researchers measured vital capacity. Vital capacity determinants were taken near the beginning and end of two 17-week semesters. No control group was used. SETTING: Midwestern university yoga classes taken for college credit. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 287 college students, 89 men and 198 women. INTERVENTION: Subjects were taught yoga poses, breathing techniques, and relaxation in two 50-minute class meetings for 15 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vital capacity over time for smokers, asthmatics, and those with no known lung disease. RESULTS: The study showed a statistically significant (P < .001) improvement in vital capacity across all categories over time. CONCLUSIONS: It is not known whether these findings were the result of yoga poses, breathing techniques, relaxation, or other aspects of exercise in the subjects' life. The subjects' adherence to attending class was 99.96%. The large number of 287 subjects is considered to be a valid number for a study of this type. These findings are consistent with other research studies reporting the positive effect of yoga on the vital capacity of the lungs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incomplete forced expiration - estimating vital capacity by a mathematical method.

BACKGROUND: Vital capacity is a key parameter in the determination of lung function, usually assessed by means of a forced expiration maneuver. This maneuver can be exhausting, and patients often cannot complete it. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates a method to estimate forced vital capacity (FVC) based on the extrapolation of volume-time curves from forced expiration. METHODS: The algorithm was applied to 2,363 volume-time curves from patients with and without respiratory disease. 416 of these spirograms originated from incomplete maneuvers. For each spirogram, estimated (FVC(est)) and measured FVC were compared with inspiratory vital capacity. RESULTS: Reliable FVC(est) were obtained for 82% of all and for 76% of the incomplete maneuvers. Regardless of the category of respiratory disease and acceptability of forced expiration, FVC(est) were close to inspiratory vital capacities. CONCLUSIONS: When assessing the lung function of patients who cannot complete forced expiration, this method could help to reduce the duration of maneuvers required to provide a reliable estimate for vital capacity.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Changes in residual volume relative to vital capacity and total lung capacity after arthrodesis of the spine in patients who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

We evaluated pulmonary functions before correction and again after a mean follow-up of three years in thirty-five patients who had adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The mean age (and standard deviation) at the time of correction was 13.7 +/- 1.8 years, and at the time of follow-up it was 17.1 +/- 2.5 years. The findings in the patients were compared with those in matched normal control subjects. With the exception of forced vital capacity, all of the determinations of absolute pulmonary volume increased postoperatively, but the increases were not all proportional. When the preoperative and follow-up determinations were expressed as percentages of the predicted pulmonary volumes (on the basis of age) to eliminate any effects of the difference in age, there was no change in total lung capacity, but vital capacity and forced vital capacity were significantly reduced. In addition, there was a significant increase in residual volume. Of the mean increase in total lung capacity after correction of the scoliosis, 82 per cent was due to an increase in residual volume and 18 per cent, to an increase in vital capacity. However, in control subjects age-matched at the time of follow-up, the increase in vital capacity contributed 69 per cent of the mean increase in total lung capacity, a very marked difference from the findings in the patients who had scoliosis. In addition, two pulmonary-volume ratios--residual volume to vital capacity and residual volume to total lung capacity--increased in a highly significant fashion (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.001) after arthrodesis of the spine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Longitudinal versus cross-sectional vital capacity changes and affecting factors.

Forced vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume at 0.75 s (FEV) were measured in 592 Cretan island men aged 25 to 74 in 1960, 1965, and 1970. Vital capacity and FEV were directly correlated with height, but percentage changes were unrelated to height. A prominent accelerating decrease with age was also observed, the longitudinal decrement becoming more marked with advancing age. Chronic obstructive lung disease at entry significantly accelerated the loss of lung capacity, more so for emphysema than for chronic bronchitis. Among heavier men, body weight gains intensified the age-dependent loss of vital capacity and FEV. Borderline statistically significant differences in FEV decreases (adjusted for age, height and entry FEV) were seen between cigarette smoking groups. Heavy smokers had more diagnoses of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Modifiable factors in minimizing the decrease of lung capacity with age include obesity, obstructive lung disease, and smoking, the last through development of chronic obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age-related changes in lungs' vital capacity in Ryazan schoolchildren].

The vital capacity in the 11- and 14-year old boys and 11- and 13-year old girls examined in 1996 to 1999 significantly reduced as compared in the children of the same age. The significant increase in the vital capacity in 15-16-old girls examined in 1996-1999 is due to that in their height, as compared with these indices in those examined in 1976 (by 4.64 and 4.87, respectively).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vital capacity in trained and untrained healthy young adults in the Netherlands.

Slow inspiratory vital capacity was measured in 226 healthy young adults, aged from 17 to 35 years. The group included 119 men and 107 women, 87 trained subjects, 71 untrained subjects who intended to take part in a training program for competitive rowing, and 68 untrained subjects who never took part in any competitive sport. The vital capacity increased with height, weight, fat-free mass, height X fat-free mass, and height-independent fat-free mass, with men having significantly higher vital capacities than women of the same height or weight. In both males and females vital capacity showed the best relation with height X fat-free mass (correlation coefficients are 0.78 and 0.57 respectively). Multiple regression on vital capacity with height, weight, fat-free mass, height X fat-free mass, height-independent fat-free mass, percentage body fat, and age increased the correlation coefficient only slightly (0.80 and 0.59 respectively). The subjects had vital capacities that were much higher than those predicted for them by equations originating from the USA. There was no difference between the observed vital capacities and those predicted by equations originating from Europe. There is a difference in vital capacity between the European subjects studied and subjects of similar height studied in the USA. This implies that equations derived from subjects in the USA cannot be applied to European subjects. From our results we conclude that vital capacity is not increased by physical activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Maximum flow ratios at mid-vital capacity in young healthy adults.

Upper airway obstruction is usually diagnosed by visual examination of maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves and by calculating a ratio of expiratory to inspiratory flow at 50 percent of vital capacity (mid-vital capacity flow ratio); however, reference values of this ratio have not been well established, and considerable variability exists. The purpose of this study was to examine the range of mid-vital capacity flow ratios in a group of healthy subjects and to determine if some of the variability is accounted for by different maximum inspiratory pressures. We measured maximum expiratory and inspiratory flows at 50 percent of vital capacity from the flow-volume curves, and maximum inspiratory pressures in a group of 60 healthy nonsmokers (30 men and 30 women) whose ages ranged from 21 to 40 years. We found that mid-vital capacity flow ratio (mean +/- SD) was 0.72 +/- 0.19 in men and 0.77 +/- 0.18 in women. The coefficient of variation of the mid-vital capacity flow ratio was 28 percent for men and 23 percent for women. The 95 percent confidence limits for the mid-vital capacity flow ratio were 0.65 to 0.79 for men and 0.70 to 0.84 for women. Maximum inspiratory pressures (mean +/- SD) were 129 +/- 30 cm H2O in men and 91 +/- 16 cm H2O in women, not significantly different from previous studies. Normalizing maximum inspiratory flow for maximum inspiratory pressure did not reduce the coefficient of variation, which became 29 percent in men and 30 percent in women. We conclude that the range of mid-vital capacity flow ratios is wide, and it cannot be reduced by standardizing it for maximum inspiratory pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Transit time analysis of the forced expiratory vital capacity in cystic fibrosis.

Transit time analysis of the forced expiratory vital capacity maneuver was applied to 37 patients with cystic fibrosis 8 to 22 years of age. This analysis divides the vital capacity into segments of air and assigns a transit time to each segment. The characteristics of the distribution of these transit times are used as measurements of pulmonary function. The quantities were compared with the forced vital capacity, 1-sec forced expiratory volume, ratio of 1-sec forced expiratory volume to vital capacity, peak flow, forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity, maximal expiratory flow at 25 per cent of the vital capacity, specific airway conductance, and arterial PO2 of these patients. The standard deviation of the transit times was the most frequently abnormal. The mean transit time had the largest range of values in terms of its own standard deviation, and it was the best single estimate of over-all lung function because it correlated almost equally with large and small airway function. The coefficient of cariance of transit times was specific in detecting abnormality of small airways and was as sensitive in the detection of minimal lung disease as the standard deviation of transit times.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The safety of one, or repeated, vital capacity maneuvers during general anesthesia.

UNLABELLED: A vital capacity maneuver (VCM) (inflating the lungs to 40 cm H(2)O for 15 s) is effective in relieving atelectasis during general anesthesia or after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The study was undertaken to investigate the safety of one or repeated VCM. Five groups of six pigs were studied. Two groups had general anesthesia for 6 h and one group received a VCM every hour. Three other groups received CPB. VCM was performed after CPB in two of these groups. VCM was then repeated every hour in one of the groups. Lung damage was evaluated by extravascular lung water (EVLW) measurement, light microscopy, and the half-time (T(1/2)) of disappearance from the lung of a nebulized aerosol containing (99m)Tc-DTPA. No changes were noted in extravascular lung water. The pigs subjected to VCM decreased their T(1/2). In the groups exposed to repeated VCM, T(1/2) remained lowered (CPB pigs) or decreased over time (non-CPB pigs). No lung damage could be seen on the morphology study. These results suggest that one VCM is a safe procedure. The increase in lung clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA not associated with an increase in lung water when VCM is repeated may have been caused by an increase in lung volume. Therefore, repeated VCM also appears to be safe. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates in an animal model that inflating the lung once or repeatedly to the vital capacity is a safe procedure. This maneuver, also called the vital capacity maneuver, can be used to relieve lung collapse which occurs in all patients during general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1995

Pulmonary function testing in spinal cord injury: correlation with vital capacity.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes restrictive ventilatory changes, with reductions in vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and expiratory reserve volume. Vital capacity (VC) often is used as an indicator of overall pulmonary function in these patients. In an effort to determine the extent to which VC correlates with other pulmonary function tests, 52 patients with recent acute traumatic SCI underwent complete pulmonary function testing. Statistical relationships were determined between VC and nine other tests. VC was found to be significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, functional residual capacity, residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), and RV/TLC ratio, but not with maximum positive expiratory pressure nor with maximum negative inspiratory pressure. The excellent correlations between vital capacity and nearly all of the other pulmonary function tests support the use of VC as a single global measure of overall ventilatory status in SCI patients.

Adolescent↗