Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ulcerative colitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Comparative composition of bacteria in the human intestinal microflora during remission and active ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a severe, relapsing and remitting disease of the human large intestine characterised by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa. The main site of disease is the sigmoid/rectal region of the large bowel but the aetiology remains unknown. There is considerable evidence to indicate that the components of the resident colonic microflora can play an important role in initiation of the disease. The present study was aimed at characterising the faecal microflora of ulcerative colitis patients in remission and active phases to determine profile differences. Faecal samples were obtained from 12 patients, 6 with active colitis and 6 in remission. The samples were analysed for populations of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia, bacteroides, sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and total bacteria using culture independent fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Lactobacillus-specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was then performed to compare the species present. Numbers of lactobacilli were significantly lower (p<0.05) during the active phase of the disease but the other populations tested did not differ. DGGE analysis revealed that Lactobacillus salivarus, Lactobacillus manihotivorans and Pediococcus acidilactici were present in remission, but not during active inflammation. These results imply that a reduction in intestinal Lactobacillus species may be important in the initiation of ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Alterations of p53 gene and microsatellite instability in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of p53 protein, incidence of p53 gene mutation and microsatellite instability in ulcerative colitis, dysplasia of colonic mucosa and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. METHODS: P53 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 70 specimens from 21 cases of ulcerative colitis and 25 colonic mucosa specimens from normal subjects. The specimens of ulcerative colitis were examined for the mutation in exon 5, 6, 7, 8 of p53 gene with microdissection-PCR-SSCP/HA-clone-sequencing technique and the alterations in 10 microsatellite loci with microdissection-PCR-SSLP-clone- sequencing technique. RESULT: None of 25 normal specimens was p53-positive immunohistochemically, while 4/21 of ulcerative colitis specimens were p53-positive. P53- positive rate in inflammatory mucosa of ulcerative colitis specimens was 0/5, while that was 1/7, 2/7 and 1/2 in low-grade displasia (LGD), high-grade displasia (HGD) and carcinoma, respectively. The abnormal exons were detected by SSCP and confirmed by sequencing in 2 out of 21 cases: one was exon 6 in a case with carcinoma and the other was exon 8 in a HGD case; both had positive P53 expression. Two cases showed positive in Bat26 locus by SSLP: one was a LGD case, the other was a case of carcinoma, who also had abnormal exon 6 of p53 gene. Other 9 microsatellite loci, (TGF beta RII(A)(10), IGFIIR(G)(8), IGFIIR(CT)(5), TGF beta RII(GT)(3), BAX(G)(8), hMSH3(A)8, hMSH6(C)(8), TCF4(A)(9) and DPC4 (CA)(17)) were showed negative in all cases. CONCLUSION: P53 gene mutations and microsatellite instability may be one of the mechanisms for higher risk of carcinogenesis in ulcerative colitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progression of collagenous colitis to ulcerative colitis.

Collagenous colitis is a form of microscopic colitis that results in chronic watery diarrhea. The disorder predominantly affects middle-aged women, and its course tends to be benign. It is not thought to be a precursor of overt inflammatory bowel disease; however, apparent progression to ulcerative colitis has been reported on one previous occasion. We describe two further patients with symptoms and histologic features of collagenous colitis who subsequently developed ulcerative colitis. The first patient developed ulcerative colitis 13 months after diagnosis of collagenous colitis, although she gave a 23-year history of profuse watery diarrhea, which had not been adequately investigated. In the second patient, collagenous colitis was diagnosed soon after the onset of watery diarrhea, and 12 months later, progression to ulcerative colitis was documented. Both patients tested positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody after they developed ulcerative colitis; the first patient was initially negative. In conclusion, these two cases, in addition to the one other in the literature, suggest that collagenous colitis and ulcerative colitis may represent extremes in the spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease and that collagenous colitis may evolve to ulcerative colitis. Therefore, progression to ulcerative colitis should be considered in any patient with known collagenous colitis whenever bloody diarrhea occurs, or if red cells, as well as white cells, are noted on stool microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Metachronous occurrence of collagenous colitis and ulcerative colitis.

Collagenous colitis and ulcerative colitis are distinct disorders. A 67 year old woman with clinical and histological evidence of collagenous colitis had an abrupt symptomatic exacerbation while taking anti-inflammatory treatment with sulphasalazine and prednisone. Repeat colorectal endoscopy showed active mucosal inflammation and colonic biopsy specimens were consistent with active ulcerative colitis. After bowel rest, total parenteral nutrition, intensification of the anti-inflammatory regimen, and withdrawal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (which she had taken continuously for osteoarthritis) diarrhoea abated. Colorectal biopsy specimens obtained when the patient's symptoms had improved showed inactive ulcerative colitis with no evidence of collagenous colitis. This may be the first case to be reported of the metachronous association of collagenous and ulcerative colitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

Integrative multi-omics analyses suggest a candidate microbial metabolite-associated host gene network in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, but the host molecular alterations potentially linked to microbially derived metabolites remain incompletely understood. We integrated Mendelian randomization (MR), microbial metabolite annotation, computational target prediction, colonic transcriptomics, network analysis, and machine learning. MiBioGen microbiome GWAS data were used as exposures and FinnGen Release 12 ULCERENTER as the outcome. Metabolites linked to MR-prioritized taxa were retrieved from GutMGene, and human targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction and SEA. UC-related genes were defined by integrating differential expression analysis and WGCNA and then intersected with predicted metabolite targets. MR prioritized one family and eight genera showing nominal genetically supported associations with UC, but none remained significant after Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction. Three prioritized genera were linked to 15 microbe-metabolite records, corresponding to 13 unique metabolites; nine were retained for target prediction, yielding 277 unique predicted human targets. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1,530 DEGs and a 312-gene MEgrey60 module, with 273 overlapping genes, producing 1,569 unique UC-related genes. Their intersection with the 277 predicted targets yielded 47 candidate genes. Enrichment analyses highlighted mainly metabolic and lipid-related processes. Random Forest showed the highest mean AUC across the two independent external benchmarking cohorts, and SHAP prioritized EPHX1, HSD17B2, IGFBP5, and MMP10. IBDome analysis showed inflammation-associated expression differences in these genes. This study provides a genomics-informed, hypothesis-generating framework that prioritizes candidate microbe-metabolite-host relationships in UC for future experimental validation.

Humans↗
PubMed1971

Cancer and ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a potential precursor of cancer of the colon or rectum. In a series of patients with ulcerative colitis operated on between 1952 and 1968 seven developed carcinoma in the residual rectal stump after total colectomy and ileorectal anastomis. After assessment of the risks of the other available forms of treatment, I believe that ileorectal anastomosis is the best operation in the majority of cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the rectum and colon. Results from many studies in people and animals of intestinal inflammation suggest that ulcerative colitis results from environmental factors triggering a loss of tolerance for normal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Although progress has been made in the overall management of the disease, no innovative treatment has been developed. By contrast with Crohn's disease, there are few clinical data on biological agents. Probiotics seem the most promising of several experimental and traditional agents that have been investigated in controlled clinical trials.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2002

Proctitis with caecitis: an atypical presentation of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is characterized as an inflammatory process of the distal colonic mucosa, which may extend proximally. Its proximal extension is classically as a continuous lesion. We describe six patients presenting with typical ulcerative proctiits, who were also found to have an inflammatory area in the caecum, while the remaining colon was macroscopically and histologically normal. With no features to support a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, we believe these cases challenge the classic teaching that ulcerative colitis is a continuous disease. Performing total colonoscopy in patients who seem to have solely distal colitis will permit recognition of this distribution of inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Histochemical and metabolic changes in functioning ileal pouches after proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis and ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis may be treated by proctocolectomy with ileal pouch reconstruction, anastomosing the pouch to the anus. We studied 24 patients who underwent this procedure, of whom 12 had ulcerative colitis and 12 had familial adenomatous polyposis. Ileal absorption was investigated and pouch histology assessed more than one year after closure of the protective defunctioning loop ileostomy. The results showed a reduction in bile acid reabsorption and vitamin B12 absorption. These observations were associated with a morphologic transformation in the small bowel mucosa to large bowel mucosa. In 10 of the 12 colitis patients one or more of the histological features of the original disease (such as active inflammation, increased regeneration, atypia) were evident. Histological examination of the biopsies taken from the polyposis patients showed areas with an excess of sialomucins.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Scleromalacia perforans in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is associated with many ocular complications. The only systemic disease currently recognized to be complicated by scleromalacia perforans is rheumatoid arthritis. A 36-yr-old male is described whose long-standing ulcerative colitis was complicated by scleromalacia perforans at a time of disease activity. The scleromalacia was successfully treated with high-dose steroids and total proctocolectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lymphocytic encephalomyeloneuritis as a neurologic complication of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) showing immunologic abnormalities and association with autoimmune states (Snook et al., 1989). Extraintestinal manifestation of UC affect various organ systems (Podolsky, 1991). We describe morphologically documented encephalomyeloneuritis in a 58-year-old white male with UC in full remission providing support for the concept that ulcerative colitis may be complicated by neurologic manifestations affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1997

Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon where leukotrienes are suggested to play an important role for keeping inflammation active. Boswellic acids, the biologically active ingredients of the gum resin of Boswellia serrata (Sallai guggal), have been shown to be specific, nonredox and noncompetitive inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, the key enzyme of leukotriene biosynthesis. In patients suffering from ulcerative colitis grade II and III the effect of Boswellia serrata gum resin preparation (350 mg thrice daily for 6 weeks) on stool properties, histolopathology and scan microscopy of rectal biopsies, blood parameters including Hb, serum iron, calcium, phosphorus, proteins, total leukocytes and eosinophils was studied. Patients receiving sulfasalazine (1 g thrice daily) served as controls. All parameters tested improved after treatment with Boswellia serrata gum resin, the results being similar compared to controls: 82% out of treated patients went into remission; in case of sulfasalazine remission rate was 75%.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

[Non-surgical therapy for ulcerative colitis].

Ulcerative colitis involving primarily the mucosa of the colon and rectum is a diffuse and nonspecific inflammatory disease. Immunocompetent cells infiltrating in the inflammed mucosa are mainly lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. These activated cells produce proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF alpha and inflammatory activators such as PAF, leukotriene, prostaglandins, free radicals and proteases, resulting in acute on chronic states. Non-surgical therapy for ulcerative colitis includes basic medical therapy with sulfasulphapyridine, 5-ASA, corticosteroids and immune suppressive drugs as well as new therapies, which are leukocytapheresis, granulocytapheresis, anticytokine therapy with antiTNF alpha monoclonal antibody, IL-1ra and IL-10, intravenous treatment of massive immunoglobulins and transdermal nicotine therapy.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1975

Sequelae of colectomy and ileostomy: comparison between Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis.

A comparison is made of the immediate and long term mortality of colectomy and ileostomy between 73 patients who had Crohn's colitis and 442 who had ulcerative colitis. The immediate mortality in Crohn's disease is 4%. In ulcerative colitis it is 10%, chiefly because of the higher proportion of emergency operations. The late mortality in both groups is 10%, chiefly as a result of recurrence of Crohn's disease or the sequellae of colonic malignancy present at the time of colectomy for ulcerative colitis. A further comparison is made between the postoperative course of the 64 surviving patients with Crohn's disease and a comparable sample of 65 patients who had an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis in the same era. There was a similar incidence of postoperative septic complications in the two groups (35%). The readmission rate was twice as high in the Crohn's disease patients. Ileostomy reconstruction for mechanical complication was needed in 21 patients with Crohn's disease compared with 6 with ulcerative colitis. Further ileal resection was required for recurrent disease on another 25 occasions in the patients with Crohn's disease but never in those with ulcerative colitis. Long therm review graded the clinical status as excellent or good in 70% of those with Crohn's disease compared with 95% with ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis requiring surgical removal of the colon can be approached via four surgical options: previously (until 1975) by a Brooke ileostomy or ileorectostomy, and more recently by a Kock's continent reservoir ileostomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. This review assesses the current surgical alternatives with particular emphasis on ileal-pouch anastomosis. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is described in detail, since this is the preferred method at the Mayo Clinic in patients in whom proctocolectomy is recommended. 390 patients operated on for chronic ulcerative colitis by this method were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Ninety-four percent of the patients were ultimately satisfied with their results despite a few postoperative complications. Twenty-four patients had their ileal pouch-anal anastomosis taken down and either a Brooke ileostomy or a continent ileostomy established because of pelvic sepsis or subsequent appearance of Crohn's disease or poor functional results. In some cases a Kock pouch was fashioned. When all is said and done, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the only procedure that promises to meet the criteria for an ideal operation. If appropriately timed and done by experienced surgeons, the beneficial effect of such a curative, yet continence-preserving procedure could be profound.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

[Timing of surgical intervention in ulcerative colitis].

Ulcerative colitis is a borderline disease between medicine and surgery and ultimate evaluation of medical or surgical therapy remains to be settled. Except for the absolute indication for operation (toxic dilatation, perforation, bleeding and etc.), it is not always easy to consider surgery for this disease because so many factors influence its clinical course. Nevertheless, a prudent decision regarding surgery seems mandatory for a reasonable surgical therapy with a low mortality and high curability that enables an earlier rehabilitation and more complete social activity. The total number of primary operative cases of ulcerative colitis in our clinic over a period of March 1954 through the end of December 1983 was 30. A comparison of our experience up to the end of 1965 and since then has shown an operative mortality of 2/14 in the first and 1/16 in the second period, and that all these 3 deaths were through an emergency operation but not through 29 cases of elective surgery. It is emphasized that one of the most important factors influencing outcome of operation is whether or not it is undertaken as an urgent surgery during a hard time of the disease that has failed to respond to intensive medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Therapeutic advances in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition that requires individualized and innovative therapy for each patient depending on the symptoms, location, severity, and chronicity of the disease. It is most often a chronic illness that requires modification in treatment as the stage of the disease changes. Systemic and rectal aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine and corticosteroids) remain the most useful therapeutic agents. Rectally administered mesalamine and the forms of oral mesalamine appear to have significant advantage over sulfasalazine dosage forms. Future clinical usage and scientific study will determine the place of these newer agents among other medical therapies and the surgical management of ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2006

Quality of life after proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis for patients with ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the rectal and colonic mucosa, affects approximately 250,000 to 500,000 people in the United States, with 30% to 40% of patients requiring some form of surgical intervention during the course of their disease. The predominant reason for total proctocolectomy is for symptoms refractory to currently available medical therapy. Less common reasons are dysplasia or cancer. The goal of colectomy is to prevent recurrence of systemic inflammatory disease. Consequently, surgery with total proctocolectomy and creation of an ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis has become the procedure of choice for many patients without other therapeutic options. Health-related quality of life (QOL) in patients with severe ulcerative colitis is so poor that, after ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis, QOL is considered to improve in most clinical studies (8 studies, improved QOL; 1 study, no change; 1 study, QOL worse than general population). However, QOL and bowel function after such surgery cannot be considered "normal" in all patients, because a substantial number still have problems with urgency, leakage, nocturnal soiling, sexual dysfunction, and pouchitis, and some require conversion to a permanent ileostomy after ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis failure. Thus, despite the availability of ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis, surgery does not always restore all aspects of QOL to normal.

Anal Canal↗