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Results for “Typhoid Fever”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Co-trimoxazole in the treatment of typhoid fever in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

The efficacy and possible adverse reactions of co-trimoxazole in the treatment of typhoid fever with G-6-PD deficiency were investigated in 68 typhoid children aged 2 to 14 years old. Salmonella typhi was isolated from 45 patients but all had a significant rise of Widal agglutinin titres during the course of the disease. Decrease in G-6-PD activity of the red blood cells was found in 37 out of 51 patients tested. A daily dose of 6--10 mg of trimethoprim plus 30--50 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg body weight was given for 14 days. Patients with G-6-PD deficiency were closely observed for evidence of intravascular hemolysis. All patients responded well and the mean period of defervescence after starting therapy was approximately 8 days. One patient with G-6-PD deficiency developed acute hemolysis on the second day of medication. The hemolytic symptoms subsided within 14 days with the continuation of co-trimoxazole therapy. No other major side-effect of the drug was observed. It is concluded that co-trimoxazole can be used successfully in the treatment of typhoid fever in G-6-PD deficient children with little risk of serious adverse reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin in therapy of chloramphenicol-resistant and chloramphenicol-sensitive typhoid fever.

The efficacy of orally administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was compared with that of oral amoxicillin in therapy of typhoid fever due to both epidemic chloramphenicol-resistant and endemic chloramphenicol-sensitive Salmonella typhi. Both drug regimens were effective and of comparable value in treatment of chloramphenicol-resistant infections, as measured by duration of fever (124 hr and 115 hr, respectively) and duration of bacteremia (1.0 and 0.4 days, respectively). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy of infections due to chloramphenicol-sensitive S. typhi resulted in more rapid lysis of fever than did amoxicillin therapy. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were not synergistic in vitro against the chloramphenicol-resistant strain of S. typhi, and the role of sulfamethoxazole in treatment of such infections appears to be minimal. Oral administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective therapy of chloramphenicol-resistant, and probably of ampicillin-amoxicillin-resistant, typhoid fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Development of specific cellular immunoreactivity in typhoid fever.

Development of cellular immunoreactivity to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi-A was studied by the leukocyte migration inhibition test in 9 patients with typhoid fever and in 2 patients with paratyphoid fever. Cellular reactivity could be demonstrated from the first days of the disease in all the subjects. The most pronounced migration inhibition was observed during the febrile period. It is suggested that specific cellular reactivity may play a pathogenetic role in typhoid fever.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Wilms' tumor, multiple intestinal parasitosis and typhoid fever].

The case was that of a 21-month-old infant who presented a great inoperable Wilm's tumor that was treated with vincristine to the point of practically disappearing. Severe typhoid fever that was complicated by multiple intestinal parasitoses (ascariasis, trichuriasis, giardiasis and strongyloidiasis) appeared. Possibly, tumoral necrosis, salmonellosis and the parasitoses formed a sac that opened to the hepatic angle of the colon. Finally, multiple liver metastases were discovered and confirmed pathologically. The patient died 36 hours after surgical reexamination and liver biopsies, from causes not clearly explained. Comments are made on the diagnostic problems originated by rareness of the association of typhoid fever resistant to chloramphenicol, intestinal parasitoses and a great Wilms' tumor and the possible influence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the evolution of the case.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of typhoid fever with fosfomycin alone and associated to chloramphenicol or ampicillin.

Treatment with fosfomycin alone and associated to subtherapeutic doses of chloramphenicol or of ampicillin, has been tried on 50 patients with typhoid fever and on four carriers of S. typhi in the Hospital del Rey. 15 patients were treated with fosfomycin alone, 22 with fosfomycin plus chloramphenicol and 13 with fosfomycin plus ampicillin. The treatment lasted 15-20 days. The results have been evaluated clinically and bacteriologically, haemo- and coprocultures being carried out. The sensitivity of the isolated germs has been studied, including MIC and the synergism in vitro between fosfomycin-chloramphenicol and fosfomycin-ampicillin. Fosfomycin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin determinations have been carried out on the blood. The cures obtained were 67, 82 and 92% respectively with fosfomycin, fosfomycin-chloramphenicol and fosfomycin-ampicillin. We believe that this antibiotic can be useful in the treatment of typhoid fever, associating it to chloramphenicol or ampicillin, due to the synergism existing between them and given the results we have obtained.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Detection of Vi-negative Salmonella enterica serovar typhi in the peripheral blood of patients with typhoid fever in the Faisalabad region of Pakistan.

The synthesis and transportation proteins of the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (serovar Typhi) are encoded by the viaB operon, which resides on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as SPI-7. In recent years, Vi-negative strains of serovar Typhi have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic. However, because Vi negativity can arise during in vitro passage, the clinical significance of Vi-negative serovar Typhi is not clear. To investigate the loss of Vi expression at the genetic level, 60 stored strains of serovar Typhi from the Faisalabad region of Pakistan were analyzed by PCR for the presence of SPI-7 and two genes essential for Vi production: tviA and tviB. Nine of the sixty strains analyzed (15%) tested negative for both tviA and tviB; only two of these strains lacked SPI-7. In order to investigate whether this phenomenon occurred in vivo, blood samples from patients with the clinical symptoms of typhoid fever were also investigated. Of 48 blood samples tested, 42 tested positive by fliC PCR for serovar Typhi; 4 of these were negative for tviA and tviB. Three of these samples tested positive for SPI-7. These results demonstrate that viaB-negative, SPI-7-positive serovar Typhi is naturally occurring and can be detected by PCR in the peripheral blood of typhoid patients in this region. The method described here can be used to monitor the incidence of Vi-negative serovar Typhi in regions where the Vi vaccine is used.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1976

Sequential changes in the concentration of specific serum proteins during typhoid fever infection in man.

An automated immunoprecipitin system has been utilized to quantitate the concentration of 10 specific proteins in the plasma of man. Values obtained by this technique are in agreement with the published concentrations for these specific plasma proteins. This technique was utilized to determine the sequential change s in 10 individual plasma proteins of volunteers exposed to Salmonella typhi. In those volunteers who developed typical typhoid fever, plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin, as well as C3 complement were significantly increased with the onset of febrile illness. In contrast, the concentration of plasma albumin and tranferrin were depressed while plasma IgM became elevated during early convalescence from this infection. No significant changes were observed in the plasma concentrations of alpha2-macroglobulin, IgG, or IgA. In the exposed volunteers who did not become ill, the only significant change was a brief depression of alpha1-antitrypsin. During typhoid fever the patterns of change for individual plasma acute-phase globulins were different from those reported for patients with hepatitis, myocaridal infarction, or surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of typhoid fever with chloramphenicol or ampicillin combined with oxyphenbutazone].

Ninety-four patients with typhoid fever were treated, at random, with three therapeutic regimens: chloramphenicol alone, chloramphenicol plus oxyphenbutazone, and ampicillin plus oxyphenbutazone. The results are evaluated analyzing the body temperature graph and by serial blood had bone marrow cultures taken at intervals until they became negative. Bacteriologic diagnosis was confirmed by blood culture (39.3%) and/or bone marrow culture (77%). The mean duration of fever was 3.3 days for the group treated with chloramphenicol-oxyphenbutazone, 4.3 for those with chloramphenicol alone and 5 days for the group ampicillin-oxyphenbutazone; at the same time, blood cultures became negative at 4.4, 5.5 and 4.4 days respectively. Negativization of bone marrow cultures was not influenced by the addition of oxyphenbutazone. It is concluded that the influence of oxyphenbutazone in shortening the febrile period or in the negativization of blood cultures is not significant. It is considered that oxyphenbutazone is not an important therapeutic tool in this group of diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Characteristics of lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhi isolated from carriers and patients suffering from typhoid fever.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Salmonella typhi strains, isolated from carriers and patients suffering from typhoid fever, were characterised according to their biochemical properties, morphological structure and degree of aggregation of complexes. All preparations of LPS, regardless of their origin, were morphologically heterogeneous. Free electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that LPS preparations were composed of components possessing different mobilities in electric fields. LPS of bacterial strains isolated from both carriers and patients, split upon reaction in immunoelectrophoresis with specific antiserum 73, rabbit antiserum to Salmonella typhi Vi Bhatnagar and 0-901 split into anodic and cathodic fractions. The anodic fraction reacted similarly as Vi antigen. LPS from Salmonella typhi Ty-2 yielded only the cathodic fraction, typical for O antigen. LPS from strains which were passaged twice in nutritional medium possessed identical properties as LPS from fresh cultures of Salmonella typhi. Electron microscopy revealed that LPS appears as long bands, rods, ellipsoid forms and amorphous material. Contrary to amorphous material, the bands, rods and ellipsoid forms possessed three-layer structure.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

[Characteristics of the seasonal distribution of typhoid fever cases in different areas of the USSR].

The results of the monthly registration of typhoid cases in all union republics and in the USSR as a whole for the period of 1970--1976 were analyzed. The mathematical parameters of the monthyly distribution of morbidity rate under the influence of long-term factors for each union republic were determined. In analyzing actual morbidity rates for definite years these data may help determine to what extent such rates are influenced by incidental factors. Mathematical analysis allowed to divide the territory of the USSR into 5 groups of areas with different patterns of the seasonal distribution of typhoid cases: the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldavian SSR, the Byelorussian SSR and the Soviet Baltic republics, the Transcaucasian republics, the republics of Central Asia and the Kazakh SSR. April was found to be the optimum time for the immunoprophylaxis of typhoid fever throughout the whole territory of the USSR in the presence of epidemiological indications.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Children typhoid fever in Saigon (Vietnam) : epidemiological and biological aspects (author's transl)].

A review of 130 children cases of typhoid fever in Saigon (Vietnam). Leuco-neutropenia is far from regular but thrombopenia is frequent. The typhoid bacillus is generally cultivated from blood during the first two weeks of the evolution. There is evidence in most S. typhi strains of a plasmid resistance for streptomycine, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfamides. Strains of the various other enterobacteria of the intestinal flora are generally resistant for many more antibiotics than S. typhi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Comparative efficacy of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of typhoid fever.

Two clinical trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of 3 antimicrobial agents often recommended for the treatment of typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol was more effective than parenteral ampicillin or oral co-trimoxazole (trimethaprim/sulphamethoxazole) in reducing the duration of fever. Oral chloramphenicol was more effective than parenteral chloramphenicol probably because oral doses resulted in higher blood concentrations of the drug. However, parenteral chloramphenicol was given during the initial period of acute illness, without loss of efficacy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[Epidemiological observations on the typhoid fever outbreak 1974 in the south-west of the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)].

A typhoid fever epidemic broke out in Baden-Württemberg during October and December 1974, 436 cases could be analyzed statistically. The interval between the date of earliest symptoms and the registration at the health-office was 18 days. This was the double respectively the triple of previous typhoid outbreaks. This interval results from a prolonged stay at home and a hospitalisation time with an average of 5 days from the hospitalisation to the registration. The interval between hospitalisation and the definitive diagnosis was 19 hours. The analysis of the age and sex incidence shows a high percentage of 15 to 30 years old women, which is due to the occupational exposition. The low morbidity of the 50 to 65 years old men points at a pre-exposition during World War II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrotrophin levels in meningococcal meningitis, typhoid fever and other febrile conditions.

Thyroid status was estimated serially by measuring triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyrotrophin (hTSH) in 20 patients suffering from meningococcal meningitis, typhoid fever and other acute febrile illnesses. Significantly low T3 and only slightly increased T4 were observed in all the patients. hTSH was normal in all of these. A significant reciprocal relationship was found between the degree of fever and fall in T3 concentrations. T3 tended to rise in patients who recovered but in those who deteriorated or died, T3 remained persistently low.

Adolescent↗