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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cervical ripening and labor induction with intracervical triacetin base prostaglandin E2 gel: a placebo-controlled study.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose, shelf-stable preparation of prostaglandin E2 gel (PGE2) when used intracervically in patients with low Bishop scores. Two different preparations (0.5 and 0.25 mg) of PGE2 were used and a total of 45 patients were studied. Both preparations of PGE2 demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the spontaneous labor rate as compared with the placebo gel. Bishop scores were altered in all patients not proceeding to labor spontaneously, but the changes were most significant in the low- and high-dose groups. No significant deleterious affects were noted. The efficacy and safety of this new, sterile, and stable preparation makes it suitable for clinical use.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1993

Effect of parenteral administration of short-chain triglycerides on leucine metabolism.

The present studies investigated the effects of intravenous administration of the short-chain triglyceride triacetin on leucine metabolism in dogs. Animals received infusions of triacetin at 1.0 x estimated resting energy expenditure (REE), hyperenergetic triacetin at 1.5 x REE, glycerol, or saline during infusion of [1-14C]leucine. During both triacetin infusions, plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate concentrations increased (P < 0.05). During triacetin infusion at 1.5 REE, the plasma leucine concentration decreased (P < 0.05) and leucine rate of appearance decreased by approximately 19% (P < 0.05); this was significantly greater than the changes that occurred during triacetin at 1.0 x REE and glycerol (P < 0.05). There was no difference in leucine oxidation between the dogs given triacetin at 1.0 x REE and control groups, whereas leucine oxidation decreased by 53% during triacetin infusion at 1.5 x REE (P < 0.05). Nonoxidative leucine disappearance, an indicator of protein synthesis, did not change in any of the studies. These results indicate that triacetin has effects on leucine metabolism similar to those previously reported with long-chain triglyceride emulsions. Because of its water solubility, lack of toxicity, and favorable effects on protein metabolism, further studies are warranted regarding the use of triacetin as a parenteral nutrient.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Determination of glucose in a biological matrix by multivariate analysis of multiple band-pass-filtered Fourier transform near-infrared interferograms.

A multivariate calibration method is described in which Fourier transform near-infrared interferogram data are used to determine clinically relevant levels of glucose in an aqueous matrix of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and triacetin. BSA and triacetin are used to model the protein and triglycerides in blood, respectively, and are present in levels spanning the normal human physiological range. A full factorial experimental design is constructed for the data collection, with glucose at 10 levels, BSA at 4 levels, and triacetin at 4 levels. Gaussian-shaped band-pass digital filters are applied to the interferogram data to extract frequencies associated with an absorption band of interest. Separate filters of various widths are positioned on the glucose band at 4400 cm-1, the BSA band at 4606 cm-1, and the triacetin band at 4446 cm-1. Each filter is applied to the raw interferogram, producing one, two, or three filtered interferograms, depending on the number of filters used. Segments of these filtered interferograms are used together in a partial least-squares regression analysis to build glucose calibration models. The optimal calibration model is realized by use of separate segments of interferograms filtered with three filters centered on the glucose, BSA, and triacetin bands. Over the physiological range of 1-20 mM glucose, this 17-term model exhibits values of R2, standard error of calibration, and standard error of prediction of 98.85%, 0.631 mM, and 0.677 mM, respectively. These results are comparable to those obtained in a conventional analysis of spectral data. The interferogram-based method operates without the use of a separate background measurement and employs only a short section of the interferogram.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The influence of different plasticizers on some physical and mechanical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose free films.

Coating has been widely used in pharmaceutical manufacture either as non-functional or a functional entity. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of plasticizers such as PEG400, PEG1000 and triacetin on mechanical properties, glass transition temperature and water vapor transmission of free films prepared from HPMC and/or HPMC:PVA blends, to develop suitable coating system for tablets, and to determine the release profiles of the coated tablets. The tensile strength of plasticized HPMC films was generally lower than that of control HPMC film and could be attributed to increased crystallinity and segmental chain mobility of HPMC. This effect increased as the concentration of plasticizer increased. Generally the addition of both grades of polyethylene glycol (PEG400 & PEG1000) increased the moisture permeability of HPMC films but the films containing triacetin provided a more rigid barrier to moisture compared to unplasticized HPMC films. The dissolution profiles of paracetamol tablets coated with 7% w/v HPMC coating-solutions containing PEG400, PEG1000 and triacetin, and those containing PEG400 & PVA together showed that HPMC had weak water resistance. The presence of PEG400 and 1000 in HPMC films further weakened its resistance to solubility while the presence of triacetin caused a little increase in HPMC water resistance. From the results it was concluded that HPMC at 7%w/w concentration was suitable for film-coating intended for non-functional coating. Presence of the PEG 400, PEG1000 and triacetin as well as the presence of PVA and PEG400 together improved the coating properties of HPMC films and made it more suitable as a non-functional coating material.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of additives on the release profile of nifedipine from poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres.

Nifedipine-containing poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres of various sizes and drug contents were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The in vitro release profiles of nifedipine from PLGA microspheres and the degradation pattern of the polymer were evaluated. Four additives were incorporated in the microspheres: two non-fatty plasticizers: diethylphthalate and triacetin, and two fatty substances: isopropyl myristate and Myvacet. Diethylphthalate and Myvacet increased the nifedipine release rate while isopropyl myristate and triacetin had no influence on it. Triacetin seems to be very poorly incorporated into the microspheres. These additives did not modify the degradation rate of the polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry detected a decrease of the glass transition temperature of diethylphthalate-containing microspheres, a small variation with Myvacet, and very little change when triacetin or isopropyl myristate were incorporated. This variation of the glass transition temperature (Tg) tends to imply that nifedipine is released by a diffusion process through the polymer matrix which is enhanced when additives decrease the Tg. Scanning electron microscopy allowed the vizualization of the highly porous structure of microspheres containing the oily substances, and the unchanged smooth surface of diethylphthalate-containing microspheres.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2004

Fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of Humicola lanuginosa lipase dissolved in its substrate.

The conformational dynamics of Humicola lanuginosa lipases (HLL) and its three mutants were investigated by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in two different media, aqueous buffer and the substrate triacetin. The fluorescence of the four Trps of the wild-type HLL (wt) reports on the global changes of the whole lipase molecule. In order to monitor conformational changes specifically in the alpha-helical surface loop, the so-called 'lid' of HLL comprised of residues 86-93, the single Trp mutant W89m (W117F, W221H, W260H) was employed. Mutants W89L and W89mN33Q (W117F, W221H, W260H, N33Q) were used to survey the impact of Trp89 and mannose residues, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the following conclusions can be drawn. (i) HLL adapts the 'open' conformation in triacetin, with the alpha-helical surface loop moving so as to expose the active site. (ii) Trp89 contained in the lid plays an unprecedently important role in the structural stability of HLL. (iii) In triacetin, but not in the buffer, the motion of the Trp89 side chain becomes distinguishable from the motion of the lid. (iv) The carbohydrate moiety at Asn33 has only minor effects on the dynamics of Trp89 in the lid as judged from the fluorescence characteristics of the latter residue.

Anisotropy↗
PubMed2004

The influence of plasticizers on the release of theophylline from microporous-controlled tablets.

The aim of present work was to investigate the influence of plasticizer on the release of theophylline from microporous-controlled tablets. Three plasticizers, acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC), castor oil, and triacetin, were included in this study. These plasticizers reduced the crystallinity of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-blended films, and the most prominent change of enthalpy of fusion was the film plasticized by triacetin. This might be due to triacetin penetrating into both PCL and PEG domains. However, the lipophilic property of castor oil only allowed it to alter the crystallization of hydrophobic PCL domain. The Young's modulus and the tensile strength of films showed a decreased tendency while increasing the amount of plasticizer. The change of elongation of plasticized blended films was irregular and was dependent of the type of plasticizer. The size of micropores formed in the presence of plasticizer was larger than those micropores formed in its absence. The fatty plasticizer, castor oil, altered the thermal and mechanical performance and pore size of films via soluble in PCL domain, which resulted in the release of theophylline from castor oil plasticized-coated tablets, which in turn enhanced and closed to a constant release pattern.

Caproates↗
PubMed1996

Near-infrared spectroscopic measurement of physiological glucose levels in variable matrices of protein and triglycerides.

Selective calibration models are generated for glucose over the 1-20 nM concentration range by use of partial least-squares regression analysis of near-infrared spectra from 5000 to 4000 cm-1. Two spectral data sets are used to simulate triglyceride and protein variations in clinical samples. Triacetin is used in one data set to simulate variations in triglyceride levels, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used in the second data set to simulate variations in blood protein levels. Although these matrix components possess strong absorption bands that overlap and overshadow the absorption bands of glucose, successful calibration models can be generated with no evidence of prediction bias caused by the different levels of the matrix components. Furthermore, the benefits of using digital Fourier filtering as a preprocessing step are evaluated in terms of calibration performance. The resulting calibration models provide standard errors of prediction of 0.5 and 0.2 mM in triacetin and BSA matrices, respectively. Accurate glucose predictions are demonstrated from spectra that correspond to protein concentrations not present in the calibration data set. Lastly, digital Fourier filtering alone is shown to have only limited ability to isolate glucose signals from those of BSA and triacetin due to similarities in the widths of the absorption bands of the three species.

Animals↗