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PubMed1977

A survey of causes of permanent tooth extractions in South Australia.

Reasons for permanent tooth extractions were studied in a survey in South Australia conducted over a two week period in which 154 dentists participated, a response rate of 43 per cent. Of 2,387 teeth extracted from 1,104 patients, caries accounted for 52 per cent, periodontal and orthodontic causes 25.6 and 11.1 per cent respectively, impacted teeth 6.5 percent, and prosthetic reasons 2.8 per cent. Caries was the most prevalent cause in the age groups 20-40 and over 70 years. Between 40 and 70 years more than 50 per cent of the teeth were extracted for periodontal reasons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A longitudinal study of the condition of first permanent molars in a group of adolescents with special reference to elective orthodontic tooth extraction.

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the condition of first permanent molars over the teenage years, with special reference to adolescents who lost premolar teeth for orthodontic purposes. A total of 453 South Wales schoolchildren (219 males and 234 females) were examined at the ages of 11-12 and 19-20 years. At 11-12 years, 89.6 per cent of the cohort had all four first permanent molars, while 3.3 per cent had already lost these teeth. Of those first permanent molars present, 61.7 per cent had some caries experience. At age 19-20, 80.6 per cent of subjects retained four first permanent molars while 4.4 per cent had none. Of the first permanent molars present, 80.6 per cent had been affected by caries. In 60 per cent of the 186 subjects (75 males and 111 females) who had lost premolar teeth in the course of orthodontic treatment, a sound premolar was extracted in preference to a first permanent molar which already had evidence of dental disease. At age 19-20 years, the majority of the first permanent molars were restored and otherwise sound, though a small number which had been restored at age 11-12 years had been lost due to caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Degenerative changes of primary neurons following tooth extraction.

In summarizing the present experimental results of tooth extraction, it can be emphasized that the disturbance of the sensory input units from the teeth resulted in a definite degeneration of the primary neurons. On this ground, it is suggested that the lesion of the sensory input units in the masticatory computer system, according to the individual age affected, may become a large factor in impeding the masticatory activity and accelerating the aging of the masticatory function.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes of sympathetic activity during tooth extraction.

Urinary VMA excretion was studied in 3 groups of young and healthy subjects, before and 2 h after a standard tooth extraction. Local anaesthesia was either a solution of lignocaine 2% (1st group, n = 17) or a mixture of lignocaine 2% with noradrenaline bitartrate, 1250 micrograms/100 ml, (2nd group, n = 13) or lignocaine 2% with adrenaline hydrochloride 1250 micrograms/100 ml (3rd group, n = 10). Mean VMA excretion rose from 3.6 +/- 2.8 to 6.7 +/- 4.6 mg/g creatinine, in the first group. In the 2nd group, the mean VMA excretion was 2.3 +/- 1.2 and rose to 6.2 +/- 2.8, whereas in the 3rd it rose from 2.3 +/- 0.92 to 8.3 +/- 7.6 mg/g creatinine. The increase of VMA excretion after the tooth extraction was of the same order in the 3 groups studied and was not affected by the addition of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the anaesthetic solution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Use of the intra-alveolar GR (gelatin-resorcinol) dressing after tooth extraction in patients with hemorrhagic diathesis].

The suitability of an intra-alveolar gelatin-resorcinol dressing for controlling bleeding was tested in 118 tooth extractions on a total of 87 patients. Plain advantages of the dressing are: prompt haemostasis (which in most cases avoids hospitalization and substitution therapy), low cost, and easy application. The dressing is not always reliable in controlling bleeding after milk tooth extraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Influence of tooth extraction on postural stability].

A study was conducted to analyze how tooth extraction procedure would affect patient's physical equilibrium sensation, using the positional centric equilibrium measuring device. Forty-five health subjects, between the ages of 20 to 30, with no systemic nor equilibrium abnormalities were selected for this study. The results obtained were as follows. 1. No noticeable changes in the centric movement were observed during the postural change from a sitting to a standing position. 2. Centric movement was transiently increased immediately after the movement from a horizontal to standing position. The average arterial pressure was decreased immediately after the alteration in body posture, suggesting that changes in body posture may influence the controlling mechanism of BP. 3. Increases in the area and velocity of the centric movement were found immediately after and up to 10 minutes after, respectively, topical administration of the anesthetic. During this time span, no correlation found between centric movement changes and circulatory changes suggested that topical anesthesia might influence the recovery reflex via central nervous system. 4. The effect of the extraction procedure on the centric movement area and the anteroposterior centric movement speed lasted for 10 minutes after extraction. On the other hand, the increase in the velocity of bilateral centric movement as well as whole body centric movement was found up to a point immediately after extraction. No correlation was found between circulatory changes and centric movement changes. It therefore was assumed that the topical anesthesia affected the recovery reflex via central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Tooth extraction in a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

A 14-year-old Japanese boy suffering from Glanzmann's thrombasthenia required extraction of two permanent teeth and one primary tooth. This report deals with the details of the procedure and discusses the effect of platelet transfusion and local management in tooth extraction of patients with this hemorrhagic diathesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Veterinary dentistry (4). Tooth extraction in dogs].

In this paper of a series on small animal dentistry tooth extraction in dogs will be discussed. A review of indications for extractions, basic instrumentation, extraction techniques and their complications in dogs are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The role of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of alveolitis after tooth extraction. Preliminary report].

We registered fibrinolytic activity of blood within fresh wounds after tooth extractions by means of measuring fibrinolysis in vitro. In cases which later developed alveolitis we found higher degrees of fibrinolysis. Women taking oral hormonal contraceptives showed fibrinolysis to a greater extent than other women or men. We found more fibrinolytic activity in cases with longer extraction times. Possible starting points for prevention of alveolitis are discussed.

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal↗
PubMed1990

[The bacteriology of normal wound healing following tooth extraction with special reference to anaerobic microorganism diagnosis].

In 10 patients with indication to tooth extraction swaps from the microbiotopes "sulcus/gingival pocket", "root canal", "socket" and "extraction wound 2 and 7 days after extraction" were investigated bacteriologically. The anaerobic-aerobic mixed flora with predominance of anaerobes verified in the microbiotopes "sulcus/gingival pocket", "socket" and "extraction wound 2 days after extraction" was identically. The flora of the root canal was distinguished by a smaller amount of microbes with predominance of aerobes. In the 7 days old extraction wound only single aerobes could be verified whereas anaerobes were missed totally.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1991

Research into changes in canine maxillary trabecular bone orientation after tooth extraction.

This paper described the morphological changes in the trabecular bone orientation of the jaw bone due to reduction in the applied functional pressure. All teeth on the right side of the upper and lower jaws were extracted from canine specimens. Experimental periods were set at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 months after tooth extraction. The trabecular bone orientation was measured by an image analyzer as morphometrical parameters. The loss of teeth changed the support system for functional pressure, resulting in the marked disordering of the trabecular bone orientation.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1991

A study of the reasons for tooth extraction in a Canadian population sample.

The reasons for extraction of teeth were determined in a Canadian population sample of 909 patients, ranging in age from 14 to 91 years. Caries was the primary cause of extraction (63%), followed by periodontitis (34%). For the adult age groups, the percentages were approximately the same. While periodontitis was the cause of one-third of the extractions, these occurred in only one-fifth of the population. Although there is a commonly expressed belief that periodontitis is the major cause of tooth loss in adults, a review of both historical and contemporary literature does not support this position. According to the current concept of the natural history of periodontal disease, only about one-fifth of the population, or less, is likely to have periodontitis severe enough to cause tooth loss. This view is consistent with data from this and most other studies on the reasons for tooth extraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Purification of rabbit bone morphogenetic protein derived from bone, dentin, and wound tissue after tooth extraction.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) was extracted from bone matrix, dentin matrix, and wound tissue after tooth extraction in rabbits, and purified. These purified fractions were shown to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and induced new bone in situ in 3 weeks when implanted into the calf muscles of Wistar rats. The dentin matrix-derived BMP was different from the other two types in molecular weight and the properties revealed in the process of purification. However, each tissue-derived BMP was shown to induce new bone growth in a bioassay of xenogenic implantation. For this reason, BMP is thought to have subunits with certain commonalities in different tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Pneumopericardium with combined emphysema of the skin and mediastinum following tooth extraction].

Emphysemas of the skin in the region of the cheek and face after surgical tooth extraction are relatively rare complications that can eventually lead to formation of an emphysema of the mediastinum and very rarely also to a pneumopericardium. The reason for this is often an instrumentally conditioned pressure increase in the oropharynx if this pressure increase leads to the entry of air into the wound region. There are also other mechanisms resulting in the formation of spontaneous mediastinal emphysema that can lead to a secondary emphysema. Possible reasons for the occurrence of a combined emphysema of the skin, the mediastinum and the pericardium are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levator nasolabialis muscle transposition to prevent an orosinus fistula after tooth extraction in horses.

The ventral part of the levator nasolabialis muscle was transposed to the alveolar defect after sinusotomy and tooth extraction in five normal horses and six horses with a tooth root abscess and sinusitis. In the normal horses at weeks 6, 10, 14 and 18, the transposed muscles remained viable and were incorporated into the recipient sites, and orosinus fistulae did not form. Histologically, there was a progressive transition from muscle to fibrous tissue. There was no facial deformity or loss of nasal function at the donor site. A localized abscess was associated with incomplete removal of tooth root fragments in one horse. After 1 year or more, five horses treated for dental disease had complete resolution of clinical signs. One horse continued to have intermittent mild nasal discharge.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reasons given for tooth extraction in Hong Kong.

Two hundred and seventy dentists, systematically selected from the membership lists of the Hong Kong Dental Association, were sent forms on which they were invited to record the reasons for tooth extraction in all patients aged 16 years and above over a period of five to six weeks. Third molars were excluded. Fifty-five per cent of the recording sheets dispatched were returned with usable data. Data were provided on 8516 extractions performed for 6331 patients. Overall caries was the reason given for 60 per cent of extractions; periodontal disease for 28 per cent; prosthetic indications for six per cent; trauma (which included tooth wear) for four per cent; and orthodontic and other reasons for two per cent. Extractions for periodontal reasons were more common in those aged 40 years and above, but periodontal disease did not exceed caries as a reason for extraction even in those aged 60 years and over. The tooth type most frequently extracted was the first molar. Mandibular incisors were the teeth most commonly extracted for periodontal reasons. In this community, which has benefited from water fluoridation since 1961, caries was the dominant reason given by dentists for tooth extractions in all age groups of the subjects studied.

Adolescent↗