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PubMed1976

Thiothixene in the treatment of geriatric patients with chronic organic brain syndrome.

Thiothixene was used in a four-week double-blind placebo-controlled study of 42 geriatric patients with chronic organic brain syndrome (psychotic or nonpsychotic). The results, according to several rating measures, showed no significant difference between placebo and thiothixene. Side effects were mild and few. These data support the safety of thiothixene therapy for geriatric patients; however, there is no conclusive evidence of its efficacy in the treatment of chronic organic brain syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Serum level monitoring of thiothixene in schizophrenia: acute single-dose levels at fixed doses.

After establishing a strong correlation between steady-state thiothixene levels and levels drawn 2.5 hours after a 20-mg test dose, the authors examined the correlation between clinical improvement and serum levels drawn 2.5 hours after a single 20-mg test dose of thiothixene. For 30 male schizophrenic inpatients, improvement on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was significantly correlated with the single test-dose levels. Serum levels were also positively correlated with age, which may explain the tendency of elderly patients to require lower neuroleptic doses and to exhibit a higher incidence of side effects. The results suggest that acute single-dose levels may be useful in predicting clinical response to thiothixene.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Thiothixene and trifluoperazine in acutely disturbed schizophrenic patients.

In acutely disturbed newly admitted patients at Neuropsychiatric Unit, Karachi, the efficacy of thiothixene is not significantly different as compared to trifluoperazine. In trifluoperazine group also all the target symptoms improved while 'depressive mood' and 'suspiciousness' did not change significantly. In thiothixene group significant improvement was noticed on all the target symptoms except 'tension' and 'depressive mood'. The ethnic or genetic make up of the patient population was concluded to be the reason for non-effectiveness of thisthixene on effective psychopathology in acute schizophrenia. The extra-pyramidal side effects were clinically more pronounced in thiothixene group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Penfluridol and thiothixene. Dosage, plasma levels and changes in psychopathology.

Plasma levels of penfluridol and thiothixene were studied after 4 weeks treatment in a double-blind controlled trial of 47 patients suffering from chronic schizophrenic syndromes. There was found a tenfold variation in plasma levels for penfluridol, and about a twentyfold variation for thiothixene. For penfluridol, a significant correlation between dosage and plasma level and also between dosage and changes in psychopathology as regards factor 5 in the Märtens & Jonsson S scale which comprises the items most characteristic of a schizophrenic syndrome, was found. For thiothixene, a significant correlation between plasma levels and changes in factor 5 was found. A gas-chromatographic method for penfluridol is also described.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Akathisia with haloperidol and thiothixene.

We studied the incidence of akathisia in two populations of newly admitted schizophrenic patients: one group was treated with haloperidol and the other group was treated with thiothixene hydrochloride. Within six hours after taking a 5-mg test dose of haloperidol, 40% of the patients experienced akathisia; during maintenance treatment with 10 mg of haloperidol taken at bedtime, 75% of the patients experienced akathisia by the seventh day. With thiothixene hydrochloride (0.22-mg/kg test dose; 0.44-mg/kg maintenance dose), the respective percentages were 20% and 46%. The akathisia experienced after administration of the test of haloperidol dose was not mild or inconsequential; 28% of the patients experienced moderate, 17% of the patients experienced severe, and 22% of the patients experienced very severe akathisia. Akathisia with haloperidol could not be suppressed completely in half of the patients. Treatment-resistant akathisia was experienced as anxiety and depression. We believe these tallies to be important because akathisia causes much misery and often goes undiagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A double-blind comparison of melperone and thiothixene in psychotic women using a new rating scale, the CPRS.

Eighty-one women with psychosis of schizophrenic and paranoid type were assigned to a double-blind study comparing the clinical effects of melperone (100 mg X 3) and thiothixene (10 mg X 3). The antipsychotic effect was evaluated by clinical rating according to the CPRS and the NOSIE-30 scales before and after 2 and 4 weeks of drug treatment. A satisfactory interrater reliability was obtained for the CPRS. Significant correlation was also found between the CPRS and NOSIE ratings. Treatment with both drugs was associated with significant reductions in morbidity as estimated by several measures of therapeutic effect from the CPRS, by the NOSIE scale and by global ratings. There were no marked differences at any rating time point between the drugs in this regard. There were more extrapyramidal side effects in the thiothixene group than in the melperone-treated patients. The results encourage the use and further evaluation of melpherone in the treatment of psychotic patients.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Plasma levels of thiothixene by radioreceptor assay: clinical usefulness.

Thirty-four newly admitted schizophrenic patients were treated with a fixed dose of thiothixene (0.44 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Thiothixene and its active metabolites were measured by a new radioreceptor assay. Improvement occurred over the entire range of recorded plasma levels, but the chances of substantial improvement appear greater above 40 neuroleptic units (n.u.). The data do not support the notion of a "therapeutic window", in that higher plasma levels were not associated with side effects or clinical deterioration (although at extreme plasma levels this must of course be so). In 11 nonresponders dosage could not be increased because of side effects. If a non-responder with troublesome side effects has a low plasma level (less than 40 n.u.), it would seem prudent to switch to another antipsychotic drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rapid tranquilization: a comparative study of thiothixene and haloperidol.

In a double-blind comparative clinical study, both thiothixene and haloperidol were found to be effective agents for rapid tranquilization of manic and schizophrenic patients. While no statistically significant difference in any of the psychopathological areas which may create a psychiatric emergency was found, results of this study provide further substantiation of the notion that thiothixene has favorable effects on anergia .

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute thiothixene overdose.

An acute thiothixene intoxication is presented. Blood thiothixene concentration of 0.52 mg/L was detected before it declined to 0.047 mg/L in 12 hrs. Analysis was by thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Plasma concentrations of thiothixene and clinical response in treatment-resistant schizophrenics.

Plasma concentrations of thiothixene were measured during treatment of 42 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Inter-individual variability was marked even when patients were treated with the same dose or dose regimen. Intra-individual variability was less but still considerable. A highly significant correlation was found between dose and plasma concentration, but this relationship was unpredictable for individual patients. A median plasma concentration of 12 to 15 ng/ml might be expected with daily doses of 60 mg. No definite range of therapeutic plasma concentrations could be determined. Patients who attained moderate degrees of improvement did so at a median dose of 26 ng/ml, which is within the range of therapeutic plasma concentrations previously reported for thiothixene in similar patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation of thiothixene in plasma by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and fluorometric detection.

A specific and sensitive assay procedure to measure thiothixene (Navane) in plasma has been developed and used to measure plasma concentrations in patients receiving thiothixene. The procedure involves in situ fluorescent detection after separation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Fluorescent detection permits a limit of detectability of approximately 0.1 ng/ml in plasma and the coefficient of variation is less than 6% at 2 ng/ml. Thirty samples may be processed through the entire procedure in less than 6-h period and up to 60 samples may be simultaneously spotted and chromatographed with a larger-capacity spotter and plate. Plasma levels (n = 62) drawn 10-12 h after dosage ranged from 0 to 42 ng/ml from dosages of 4-100 mg/day.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1976

Controlled trial of penfluridol and thiothixene in the maintenance treatment of chronic schizophrenic syndromes.

In a controlled trial of penfluridol and thiothixene as maintenance drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenic syndromes, some improvement over previous neuroleptics was seen with both drugs. This improvement was mainly evident in variables concerned with participation in social activities as assessed with the S-scale and by ward behaviour. The drug dosages necessary were very low and gave few and easily manageable side-effects. There was no significant difference between penfluridol and thiothixene. Penfluridol has the clear practical advantage of being the only long-acting drug for oral administration so far available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind trial of thiothixene and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia.

In a double-blind trial of chlorpromazine and thiothixene conducted with 79 acutely ill, newly hospitalized schizophrenic patients, chlorpromazine and thiothixene were shown to be equally effective in producing meaningful symptomatic improvment over an average period of approximately 3 weeks, as measured by Global Assessments (CGI), BPRS, and NOSIE.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Response of borderline and schizotypal patients to small doses of thiothixene and haloperidol.

The improvement in the clinical methods of identifying borderline subjects makes it necessary to reevaluate the efficacy of the treatment offered them. A random sample of 52 borderline and schizotypal patients was treated with two major neuroleptics, thiothixene and haloperidol, in a double-blind study. Eighty-four percent were markedly to moderately improved at 3-month follow-up; the patients responded better to thiothixene than to haloperidol. The main areas of positive response were those of cognitive disturbance, derealization, ideas of reference, anxiety, and depression. The patients also showed improvement in self-image and social functioning. There was no significant relationship between diagnosis and outcome of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The assessment of thiothixene in chronic schizophrenia. A double-blind controlled trial.

The results are reported of a double-blind controlled trial of a recently introduced major tranquilizer thiothixene (Navane, Pfizer) against chlorpromazine in 24 chronic schizophrenics in the Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland. Additionally, a limited experiment in withdrawal of routine tranquilizers in these patients (one month) was carried out prior to the trial. Changes in manifest psychosis (symptoms) and social disability were assessed by the use of the Lorr scale (IMPS) and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) at suitable intervals. The results indicated that thiothixene conferred no advantage over chlorpromazine in symptom relief or social improvement. Serial measures showed no significant change in these patients as a group when on active drugs as opposed to placebo, or with the course of time. 12.5% of patients relapsed during the placebo period: these patients were younger than the non-relapsers and had received larger daily doses of phenothiazines prior to the trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of thiothixene with chlorpromazine in the treatment of mania.

High potency neuroleptics have been advocated for acute mania because their side effect profile may allow for a more rapid dose escalation and symptom resolution. Low potency neuroleptics have also been advocated because their sedative properties might better calm the acutely agitated manic patient. The authors tested these hypotheses using a double-blind design comparing thiothixene with chlorpromazine in 29 manic patients on a standard dose of lithium. They found that thiothixene and chlorpromazine produced identical rates and degree of improvement, that side effect profiles differed for each drug but did not affect overall clinical response, and that most patients had a good response on much lower than expected doses. The implications for less aggressive use of neuroleptics to treat mania are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relative efficacy of parenteral haloperidol and thiothixene for the emergency treatment of acutely excited and agitated patients.

In this double-blind study, haloperidol (n = 15) and thiothixene (n = 15), administered parenterally in emergency rooms and outpatient facilities to 30 acutely excited, agitated psychotic patients in hourly doses of 4 mg. or 8 mg., as needed over a four-hour period (total dosage ranging from 4 to 32 mg.), achieved rapid tranquilization in 30 patients. Significant improvement was shown over a six-hour period on BPRS Total Score, the four factors--Thinking Disorder, Anergic state, Excitement and Disorientation, and Depression and also on hourly ratings of 17 symptoms of a Psychiatric Target Symptom Profile. No significant differences were found between the haloperidol-treated and thiothixene-treated groups. Few adverse reactions were noted, all of them mild, the most frequent being drowsiness in six patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Rapid tranquilization: a comparison of thiothixene with loxapine.

This 6-day study evaluated the efficacy of equivalent doses of loxapine and thiothixene for rapid tranquilization of acutely disturbed, psychotic patients. After initial tranquilization with intramuscular injections for 24 hours, 58 patients were treated for 5 days with oral medication. With both drugs, intramuscular treatment demonstrated clinically significant improvement from baseline on Clinical Global Impressions and Brief Psychiatric Rating scales; this improvement continued during the oral phase. Median time to tranquilization was significantly less with loxapine (60 minutes) than with thiothixene (95 minutes); during the oral phase, there were no significant differences between the two treatment groups. Side effects were minimal during the intramuscular phase; dystonia was most common during the oral phase.

Administration, Oral↗