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PubMed2005

Update on the etiology of tooth resorption in domestic cats.

Based on recent findings of increased vitamin D activity in cats with feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL), the present article provides further clues on the possible etiology of FORL. Microscopic features of FORL and other peculiarities of feline permanent teeth are compared with pathologic findings obtained from experimental studies in other species. Administration of excess vitamin D or vitamin D metabolites in laboratory animals caused changes to dental and periodontal tissues that resemble histopathologic features of teeth from cats with FORL. Chronic excess dietary vitamin D may be the long-sought cause of multiple tooth resorption in domestic cats. It may also provide a basis for future research on idiopathic hypercalcemia and renal disease in the same species.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hypothermic insult to the periodontium: a model for the study of aseptic tooth resorption.

The aim of the current investigation was to define an animal model for the study of hard tissue resorption by examining the responses of the periodontal ligament (PDL) to both single and multiple episodes of hypothermic injury to the crowns of rat teeth. A group of 12 male rats weighing 200-250 g were anesthetized, and pellets of dry ice (CO2) were applied once to the crowns of the right first maxillary molars for continuous periods of 10 or 20 min. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days and tissues were processed for routine histological examination. A second group of eight animals and a third group of 12 animals were subjected to three applications of dry ice over a period of 1 week and sacrificed at 2 and 14 days respectively after the final application. In addition to thermal insult, the periodontium of teeth from a fourth group of six rats was subjected to mechanical trauma. Examination of the sections from the group undergoing a single freezing episode revealed that, by 1 week, shallow resorption lacunae had appeared on the root surface. These became more extensive after 14 days. At the same time hyaline degeneration was evident in the PDL. Within this group, teeth subjected to the longer 20-min application times generally showed more extensive injuries. By 28 days, evidence of repair was observed with reparative cementum beginning to line the resorption lacunae in the root dentin. Sections from animals subjected to multiple episodes of thermal trauma and those subjected to additional mechanical insult showed more extensive external root resorption than those from single-injury animals. It was concluded that low temperature stimuli applied to the crowns of rat molars were capable of eliciting a sterile degenerative response in the PDL which, in turn, resulted in external root resorption. Furthermore, the degree of this tissue injury was commensurate with the duration and number of exposures to the trauma. The results also indicated that progression of the resorptive process required periodic exposure to the injury, in the absence of which repair to the damaged root occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Dental pulp mucopolysaccharidase: identification and role in tooth resorption.

The presence of mucopolysaccharidase activity within the pulps of resorbing deciduous teeth was investigated using histochemical techniques. The loss of toluidine blue metachromasia within glycosaminoglycan film subtrates indicated the presence of enzyme activity. This was related to physiologic resorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Percentual loss of active desmodontioum in horizontal tooth resorption].

Radicular surfaces connected with the bone by the periodontal membrane were measured by means of a galvanic method. The investigation showed that the surface reduction as a function of the length of the root cannot be compared with the surface reduction of a cone, since at least in the coronal quarter of the root, the percent decrease in surface is linear, especially in the case of teeth with several roots. The clinical significance of this investigation becomes evident when evaluating the bone destruction visible in a radiogram related to loading capacity. In the author's investigation an average loss of 60% was found.

Dental Stress Analysis↗
PubMed1986

An ultrastructural study of tooth resorption in the kitten.

Eleven kittens of various ages were used to obtain teeth in situ at differing stages of exfoliation. The teeth were processed by routine techniques for examination by light and transmission electron microscopy. The dental hard tissues were eroded by odontoclasts supported by numerous blood vessels, fibroblasts, and macrophages. No evidence of intracellular collagen was found within any of these cells, indicating that helper cells are not required to remove the collagenous component of dentin and cementum. The loss of periodontal ligament during shedding involved the removal of cells and extracellular material. Two forms of fibroblastic cell death were identified: One, apoptotic cell death, involved condensation, and its occurrence suggests that exfoliation of deciduous teeth is a programmed physiological event; the other occurred in cells containing many profiles of collagen and involved the selective disruption of the mitochondria and eventual dissolution of cytosol. This form of cell death has not been previously described and is significantly different from necrotic cell death, which was not observed during exfoliation. Some fibroblasts maintained a normal morphology. These various cellular responses suggest that phenotypically different populations of fibroblasts may exist in the periodontal ligament. Collagen removal was an extracellular occurrence which did not seem to involve increased phagocytotic activity by fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on factors causing tooth resorption. 2. Dose-response effects of indomethacin on resorption of deciduous teeth in rabbits].

The aim of the present study was to confirm whether prostaglandin (PGs) had any connection with physiological root resorption. 16 young rabbits aged 7 days which had been in utero for 32 days were used and were divided into 4 groups. The control group was injected with normal saline solution, and the experimental groups were injected with indomethacin, a specific inhibitor of PGs synthetase, in doses of 0.1 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg every 12 hours for 5 days, respectively. All animals were sacricfied at 11 days postnatal. Their maxillary deciduous incisors were embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially in 7 mus thickness. The number of odontoclasts appearing on the root surface were counted, and the volume of the maxillary deciduous incisor was measured. The results were as follows: 1. The readings of the odontoclasts appearing in the control group was 260.3 +/- 60.1, and those of the experimental groups injected with 0.1 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg indomethacin were 249.0 +/- 32.2, 199.5 +/- 15.1 (P less than 0.05 one sided test) and 163.8 +/- 40.0 (P less than 0.01), respectively. The number of odontoclasts was reduced linearly as the logarithmic dose of indomethacin increased. 2. As far as the volumes of the maxillary deciduous incisors were concerned, that of the group with 10.0 mg/kg was significantly greater than that of the group with 0.1 mg/kg (P less than 0.05). In comparison with the control and the experimental group, the volume of the 10.0 mg/kg group was greater than the others, but statistical differences were not found.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tooth resorption in the two-stage transplantation technique: a case report.

A case report of a two-stage canine transplant is presented in which circumstances appeared ideal for success. Storage of the tooth in a buccal pouch for six months precipitated extensive crown and root resorption. The prognosis for this approach to treatment of impacted canines indicates caution in its use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Localization of cathepsin K in bovine odontoclasts during deciduous tooth resorption.

Cathepsin K is a cysteine proteinase, which is abundantly and selectively expressed in osteoclasts. It is believed to play an important role in the proteolysis of bone resorption by osteoclasts. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of cathepsin K in the physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth and to identify the cathepsin K-producing cells in deciduous root resorption. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis of the total RNAs extracted from bovine active and resting root-resorbing tissues, which lie between the root of deciduous tooth and its permanent successor, were performed. The active root-resorbing tissue, which has a high population of odontoclasts on its surface that is attached to resorbing root surface, showed an extremely high expression of cathepsin K in comparison with the resting root-resorbing tissue. By in situ hybridization, cathepsin K mRNA was highly and selectively expressed in multinucleated odontoclasts that aligned along the surface of the tissue and apposed to the resorbing root surface of the deciduous tooth. Western blot analysis of the active root-resorbing tissue was used to characterize the anti-cathepsin K antibody. A band of 27 kDa, corresponding with the predicted size for mature cathepsin K, was demonstrated. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the specific localization of cathepsin K protein to the odontoclasts. These results demonstrate that odontoclasts in the deciduous root resorption express cathepsin K mRNA and protein that may participate in the proteolysis of root resorption of the deciduous tooth.

Animals↗