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PubMed1988

Pulmonary and pleural thymoma. Diagnostic application of lymphocyte markers to the thymoma of unusual site.

Two cases of the thymoma of the unusual sites were examined immunohistochemically. The one was intrapulmonary, and the other was diffuse pleural tumors. The infiltrating lymphocytes were T-cells showing OKT 6 positivity and nuclear immunoreactivity for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in the intrapulmonary tumor, like lymphocytes in the mediastinal thymoma of predominantly lymphocytic or mixed types. Although lymphocytes were dispersed in the pleural tumor, there were some TdT(+) OKT 6(-) lymphocytes and the similar finding was observed in the thymoma of predominantly epithelial type. In lung carcinomas and pleural mesotheliomas, there were no TdT(+) OKT 6(+/-) lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical studies using lymphocyte markers may be an useful tool for the diagnosis of the thymoma of ectopic site or unusual presentation.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma.

A clinicopathological study of surgically resected thymomas was performed using Masaoka's staging and modified Masaoka's staging systems, and the utility of these two staging systems was compared. The modification enabled adjustment for the disproportion in the number of cases between Stage I and Stage II. Analysis of survival rates, according to the tumor stage, indicated that the old classification should be reappraised, that is, division into non-invasive and invasive thymomas, although staging may contribute to the indication for postoperative radiotherapy, especially for Stage II disease. Analysis of the cases showed a wide spectrum of aggressiveness, varying from cases showing slow progression with a relatively favorable prognosis, such as the spindle cell type, to cases with rapid progression leading to tumor death in a relatively short time, such as the epithelial cell predominant and polygonal cell type. The pathological stage at the time of first surgical resection would reflect the degree of aggressiveness of thymoma in many instances. Therefore, not only staging the tumor extent but also grading of its aggressiveness are needed in order to predict the prognosis of patients with thymoma. For the latter, histology and cytopathology are helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Cyclosporin improved pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma and tended to decrease thymoma size: a case report].

The case was a 56-year-old man who underwent extended thymothymectomy in 1993 because of an invasive thymoma classified as Masaoka IIa. The tumor was disseminated through the right thoracic cavity in 1994. Although the chemotherapy was repeated, the disseminated thymoma tended to increase in size. The patient was suffering from severe anemia, and pure red cell aplasia was diagnosed in September 2002. The administration of cyclosporin was initiated, and not only brought about improvement of pure red cell aplasia but also tended to shrink the thymoma. Cyclosporin may be an effective drug for the reduction of thymoma as well as for pure red cell aplasia.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1993

Expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in in vitro cell lines derived from a thymus, thymoma, and malignant thymoma of rats.

To analyze the processes of the development of thymoma and malignant thymoma from normal thymic epithelial cells, we have examined the expression of 15 proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in seven in vitro epithelial cell lines established from a normal thymus (TuD1-1, TuD1-3, and TuD1-5), thymoma (TaD1-3 and TaD1-8), and malignant thymoma (MTHC-1 and MTHC-3) of rats. Northern blot analysis indicated that most of these genes examined were transcribed at similar levels. However, higher levels of transcription of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were observed in TuD1-1, TuD1-3, TuD1-5, TaD1-3, and TaD1-8 cells than in MTHC-1 and MTHC-3 cells. Conversely, four of the former five cell lines showed no TGF-beta transcription while the latter two cell lines had high levels of its expression. In addition, c-fos proto-oncogene was highly expressed in TuD1-5 cells, which showed the fastest growth rate among the seven cell lines. These results denote that some molecular changes in the regulation of gene expression occurred in the processes of malignant transformation of thymic epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Appearance of thymoma 15 years after extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis without thymoma.

Several cases of thymoma recurrence after resection have been reported. However, thymoma appearance following an extended thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis is very rare. We report a case of thymoma in a 48-year-old woman, 15 years after an extended thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis. The importance of a complete dissection of mediastinal adipose tissue during the extended thymectomy as well as careful follow-up for such patients is also noted.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Thymic carcinoid tumor combined with thymoma--neuroendocrine differentiation in thymoma?

A carcinoid tumor of the thymus combined with thymoma in a 62-year-old man is described. The mediastinal tumor had been present for 13 years and was associated with pure red cell aplasia. Carcinoid tumor occupied the central two-thirds of the tumor, consisting of nests and trabeculae of monotonous round cells, which ultrastructurally showed many intracytoplasmic dense-core granules. Typical spindle cell type thymoma surrounded the carcinoid area. Clinico-pathologic findings of this unique case suggested that the carcinoid tumor developed within a preexisting thymoma, illustrating a possibility of neuroendocrine differentiation of thymic epithelial cells.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thymoma and thymoma-like tumors of the anterior mediastinum--therapeutic problems in observed patients].

In the last years, 11 patients with tumors of anterior mediastinum were treated at the Oncologic Centre in Lódź. Lymphocytic-epithelial thymoma was diagnosed in 6 patients whereas thymoma was suspected in 5 patients. Therapy was a problem mainly in these 5 patients, especially if lymphoma was considered in the differential diagnosis. The authors suggest that therapy should start with cytostatic agents in all patients with mediastinal tumors and morphology which not justifies thymoma diagnosis. Radiotherapy may follow in these cases in which 1-2 chemotherapy cycles failed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Thymomas and associated diseases. Apropos of a series of 255 surgically treated thymomas].

The authors report on a series of 255 thymomas and the associated diseases most often auto-immune, myasthenia is the disease most frequently encountered (61% of cases). Next, but with a much reduced frequency of around 2%, come other diseases such as hypogammaglobulinaemia, erythroblastopenic anaemia, and disseminated lupus erythematosis. The authors analyse the effect of ablating the thymoma on the associated disease; those with myasthenia are the principal beneficiaries of thymic ablation, 83% in this series experiencing a good response. Besides myasthenia only erythroblastopenic anaemia obtained some benefit from thymic ablation; in all the other cases surgery to the thymic tumour had no benefit on the associated disease. In the light of their own experience the authors made a review of the literature of the different diseases associated with thymomas and made the point of the efficacy of thymectomy in the different diseases.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed2006

Is transesophageal echocardiography useful in planning surgery of mediastinal thymomas? Transesophageal investigation of a mediastinal thymoma.

Thymomas are the commonest tumors arising in the anterior mediastinum, sometimes representing an incidental finding at radiological examination. Surgery of these neoplasms must be planned after accurately assessing the invasive or non-invasive nature of the mass. In the present case this could be achieved also by submitting the patient to transesophageal echocardiography which could accurately exclude infiltration of heart walls. We therefore think that this technique can be considered a useful complement to radiological ones in defining the surgical strategy of mediastinal thymomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Thymoma, atypical thymoma, and thymic carcinoma. A novel conceptual approach to the classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms.

Primary thymic epithelial neoplasms have been the subject of much controversy in recent years owing to the difficulties posed by these tumors for precise histopathologic typing and prognostication. A number of classification schemes using different terminology have been proposed, none of which has satisfactorily managed to address all the problems and concerns related to these tumors. We present a proposal for a novel approach to the histologic classification of primary thymic epithelial neoplasms that is based on morphologic features of differentiation. The principle behind this classification scheme is that the determination of the cytologic degree of atypia and the identification of the organotypical features of thymic differentiation may permit accurate classification of these neoplasms into 3 simple and reproducible diagnostic categories: thymoma, atypical thymoma, and thymic carcinoma. We further reiterate the traditional concept that tumor staging, not histopathologic typing, has a more crucial role for accurate and reliable prognostication for the better differentiated forms of these tumors.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. Transplantation of thymoma and extrathymomal thymic tissue into SCID mice.

To study the possible role of thymomas and of extrathymomal thymic tissue in the development and maintenance of myasthenia gravis, we transplanted fragments of either tissue into SCID mice and monitored the production of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the recipients. Furthermore, the transplants were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Unlike after transplantation of thymus with lymphofollicular hyperplasia that induced high titers of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, thymoma transplants never produced autoantibodies. Mice transplanted with extrathymomal thymic tissue also failed to produce anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies except one group that received transplants containing hyperplastic extrathymomal tissue. These findings may explain the refractoriness of thymomatous myasthenia to thymectomy.

Adult↗