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PubMed1992

Phasic skin conductance activity and motion sickness.

Sweating is commonly associated with motion sickness. Previous studies have attempted to relate sweating or the associated electrodermal activity to the degree of motion sickness symptoms. This study was aimed at improving methodology by study of 1) recording site--palmar finger versus forehead; and 2) signal analysis--tonic skin conductance level (SCL) versus phasic skin conductance responses (SCRs). Eleven subjects were exposed to a cross-coupled motion challenge, produced by repeated head movements (16 per minute) during rotation around the Earth vertical axis in which rotational velocity was incremented on a staircase profile from 3 degrees to 99 degrees.s-1 to an end point of moderate nausea. Six subjects underwent additional control conditions of rotation only and head movements only. A group of 12 subjects underwent sessions of vertical and horizontal sinusoidal linear motion through the head z-axis at 0.3 Hz, 1.8 ms-2 rms. Sweating responses were recorded in a further three subjects by mass spectrometry for water vapor from the skin using a dry N2 gas flow method. Phasic skin conductance activity at the forehead site provided the best correlate of motion sickness onset and recovery. Other combinations of signal analysis or recording site were less useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Electrodermal activity as an index of motion sickness.

Sweating in the absence of thermal stimulation is one of the cardinal symptoms of motion sickness. But since sweating is closely related to electrodermal activity this may be a potentially useful index of the intensity of motion sickness. In order to evaluate this possibility, the correlations between electrodermal activity and a range of signs and symptoms of motion sickness were examined in four experiments, in which a total of 170 subjects were exposed to a cross-coupled force environment. Although increases in skin conductance did not correlate with specific single indices of motion sickness, correlations with a questionnaire based on several signs and symptoms varied from 0.89 (p less than 0.001) to 0.11 (N.S.). It is concluded that skin conductance potentially offers a valid and very precise measure of motion sickness, but that it is sensitive to extraneous factors only some of which are currently understood.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The identification of a shared immunogen present in the salivary glands and gut of ixodid and argasid ticks.

The identification of a 70-kDa immunogen present in salivary gland extracts of several ixodid species, namely Hyalomma truncatum (sweating-sickness-inducing (SS+) and non-inducing (SS-) strains), Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, is reported. The immunogen was identified by Western blots using a monoclonal antibody of the IgM isotype directed against a 70-kDa immunogen present in the salivary glands of (SS-) female H. truncatum ticks. Cross-reactivity with the gut of unfed adult ixodid ticks, Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus simus simus, R. evertsi evertsi, Rhipicentor nuttali, H.m. rufipes, and salivary glands of adult argasid species, Ornithodoros savignyi and Ornithodoros moubata, was demonstrated using ELISA.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[X-ray contrast media Melitrast-300 and Melitrast-270 in cardiological diagnosis].

The aim of this study was the evaluation of safety and cardiologic efficacy of the non-ionic contrast agent Iosarcol (Melitrast), a contrast agent with low protein affinity in two different iodine concentrations. One hundred patients were prospectively randomized to receive either Melitrast-270 or Melitrast-300 for left heart ventriculography and coronary angiography. Clinical evaluation, blood pressure and pulse measurement were performed and an electrocardiogram was recorded before and after contrast application and the diagnostic efficacy using a score was evaluated. In three patients side effects could be observed 2 hours after the application (vertigo, sickness, sweating). Melitrast in both concentrations led to a good contrast during ventriculography and coronary angiography which could not be differentiated by two experienced observers. Thus a lower iodine concentration and by this a lower viscosity seems to favour Melitrast-270 for invasive cardiologic diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Evolutionary and social aspects of disease.

There are important interactions between disease and organic evolution, between disease and cultural evolution, and between all three. Social behaviour influences disease and is influenced by it. Disease and disease mortality are woven into the complex of behavioural and physiological reactions to the stresses of overpopulation, which act to reduce population size. These principles are illustrated with reference to a number of diseases, including vitamin D imbalance, phenylketonuria, lactose intolerance, malaria, sickle cell anaemia, favism, plague, yellow fever, syphilis, ergot poisoning, kuru, and the sweating sickness.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1991

Anticipatory nausea development in cancer patients: replication and extension of a learning model.

Approximately one in four cancer patients during the course of repeated treatments begins to experience nausea in anticipation of chemotherapy treatments. The following characteristics have been associated with the development of this anticipatory nausea: (1) patient age; (2) the experience of nausea/vomiting after first treatment; (3) the severity of nausea after chemotherapy treatment; (4) the severity of vomiting after chemotherapy treatment; (5) feeling warm or hot all over after treatment; (6) a susceptibility to motion sickness; (7) sweating following treatment; (8) feeling of generalized weakness following treatment. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous research linking these characteristics to anticipatory nausea (AN), with special attention to the potential contribution made by interactions of the characteristics. Logistic analyses demonstrated significant contributions to anticipatory nausea aetiology from the learning-based characteristics of nausea and vomiting presence and their severity; individual difference measures of age and susceptibility to motion sickness were also found to contribute significantly to AN development. Results support a learning theory-based model of anticipatory side-effect development as well as the potential contribution of individual difference measures of AN susceptibility.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Ciguatera poisoning. Growing differential diagnostic significance in the age of foreign tourism].

BACKGROUND: In the tropic sea there are carnivore fishes, e.g. the "peak bass", that incorporate toxin producing seaweed and can cause the ciguatera intoxication. Due to the frequent tourism to tropic regions even more cases of ciguatera intoxication can be seen in Europe. The late phase of ciguatera intoxication has hardly been recognized due to its different unspecific symptoms. In some cases ciguatera intoxication can even grow a vital threatening. CASE DESCRIPTION: Four patients from a travel group addressed us 4 and 14 days after breaking off their holidays in the Dominican republic. They presented complex neurological symptoms including paraesthesia, nervousness, inverse temperature perception, muscle cramps, headache and dizziness. The physical and apparative investigation of the patients, whose age ranked between 22 and 31 years, was totally unobtrusive. Essential for the diagnosis of ciguatera intoxication was the clue to the symptom causing dinner at their holiday location existing of "peak bass and lemon sauce". First symptoms in all members of the travel group were diarrhea, sickness and sweating. In this late phase only a symptomatic therapy could be offered. CONCLUSION: The here described cases show the importance of a comprehensive information for tropic travellers as for physicians accounted to in the acute phase of ciguatera intoxication, because recognized early enough (within the first 24 hours) the total symptomatology of ciguatera intoxication can be prevented effectively by intravenous infusions of mannitol.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The English 'sweate' (Sudor Anglicus) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

A rapidly fatal viral infectious disease appeared in England in 1485, persisted for the summer months and disappeared as winter approached. This pattern of infection re-appeared in 1508, 1517, 1528, and finally 1551. The epidemic never returned. It had no respect for wealth or rank, and predominantly attacked males between the ages of 15 and 45 years. The incubation period was frighteningly short and the outcome normally fatal. The symptoms of acute respiratory disease and copious sweating were characteristic, providing the name 'the English sweating disease'. It was never in the big league of killer epidemics, such as plague and influenza, but its pockets of instant lethality in communities gave it a special ranking of horror. The infective cause of this disease remained a total mystery until it was compared with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in 1994. The strength of this theory is examined in this paper, and it is concluded that, although there is a close resemblance, HPS does not match the English sweating disease completely and positive identification of a possible rodent carrier for the latter was not established.

Animals↗