Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Suprofen”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Mechanism of action of suprofen, a new peripheral analgesic, as demonstrated by its effects on several nociceptive mediators.

Suprofen is a new potent, orally effective non-narcotic analgesic agent having a potent inhibitory action on prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis. Recent experiments have shown that suprofen inhibits uterine hyperactivity induced by the physiological substances, arachidonic acid, bradykinin (BK) and PGF2 alpha. The present study explores the possibility that the analgesic activity of suprofen may involve multiple mechanisms of interaction with PGs, inhibiting synthesis at low doses and with higher doses possibly directly interacting with PGs and other physiological mediators of nociception at a common site. Experiments in mice have shown that suprofen antagonizes abdominal stretching induced by the physiological precursor of PG release, arachidonic acid (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg, p.o.), and by the nociceptive agents acetylcholine (ACh) (ED50 = 1.7 mg/kg, p.o.), BK (ED50 = 65 mg/kg, p.o.) acetic acid (HAC) (H+ ion; ED50 = 4.6 mg/kg, p.o.), and PGE2, itself (ED50 = 20.2 mg/kg, i.p.). In rabbits, i.a. administered suprofen (ED50 = 0.98 mg/kg) blocked the reflex discharge of spinal sensory neurons evoked by BK (2 to 8 micrograms, i.a.). The analgesic activity of suprofen may involve multiple mechanisms of interaction with PGs and other mediators, including BK; suprofen blocks the nociceptive actions of PGs by inhibiting their formation, via the cyclooxygenase pathway, and possibly at PG sites of action, probably at peripheral nerve endings.

Acetates↗
PubMed1987

Suprofen versus paracetamol after oral surgery.

A randomized double-blind trial was performed to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of suprofen 200 mg (Suprocil) in comparison to paracetamol 500 mg after surgical extraction of a wisdom tooth. The study lasted 4 days per patient at the longest. Pain intensity and pain relief were evaluated by the patients using a visual analog scale. A total of 59 patients took part in the study; of these, 30 were on suprofen and 29 on paracetamol. The 30-min pain relief with paracetamol was superior to that obtained with suprofen. Roughly, the 90-min pain relief scores were somewhat higher for suprofen than for paracetamol. However, none of the differences were statistically significant. No significant difference was seen between the 2 treatment groups with respect to the frequency of the number of capsules taken per day. Broadly, the efficacy was good or excellent in 18 patients in each group. With suprofen, there were 8 moderate results and 4 insufficient ones. With paracetamol, 6 results were moderate and 5 insufficient or worse. No significant differences between the 2 treatments was seen. Tolerability was rated good by all but 1 patient in each treatment group; with suprofen, 1 result was moderate, while with paracetamol, 1 result was poor. Adverse reactions occurred in 3 patients on suprofen and in 2 patients on paracetamol, though these reactions could not be related to the use of the drug itself.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1993

Covalent binding of suprofen acyl glucuronide to albumin in vitro.

1. Suprofen acyl glucuronide, a major metabolite of suprofen in man, is labile, undergoing acyl migration to isomeric conjugates which are not cleaved by beta-glucuronidase. 2. The pH-dependent degradation of diastereomeric suprofen glucuronides in aqueous buffer increases rapidly near physiological pH with an apparent first-order half life of 1.4 h at pH 7.4. 3. Suprofen glucuronide and its isomeric conjugates are reactive with albumin in a pH-dependent manner which corresponds to the stability of the acyl glucuronide. Several per cent of the conjugates added to albumin in solution become covalently bound. 4. The covalent binding of suprofen equivalents to albumin is greatly enhanced by the addition of either cyanide or cyanoborohydride anion, which supports the presence of an imine in the process of binding. Release of isomeric conjugates by treatment of the albumin adduct with dilute acid also supports covalent binding via an imine. 5. The covalent binding of suprofen to proteins through its reactive acyl glucuronide may be of toxicological importance and relevant to the acute renal toxicity observed for suprofen in man.

Albumins↗
PubMed1992

Effects of suprofen on the isolated perfused rat kidney.

Although suprofen has been associated with the development of acute renal failure in greater than 100 subjects, the mechanism of damage remains unclear. The direct nephrotoxic effects of a single dose of 15 mg of suprofen were compared in the recirculating isolated rat kidney perfused with cell-free buffer with or without the addition of 5 mg/dL of uric acid. There were no significant differences in renal sodium excretion, oxygen consumption, or urinary flow rates in kidneys perfused with suprofen compared with the drug-free control groups. In contrast, a significant decline in glomerular filtration rate was found after the introduction of suprofen to the kidney perfused with uric acid; no changes were found with suprofen in the absence of uric acid. A significant decrease in the baseline excretion rate of uric acid was found in rats given suprofen, compared with drug-free controls. However, the fractional excretion of uric acid was unchanged between the groups over the experimental period. In summary, suprofen causes acute declines in renal function, most likely by directly altering the intrarenal distribution of uric acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Local and systemic tolerability of suprofen. Experience with intravenous administration and infusion in healthy volunteers (1st comm.).

Local and systemic tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol 200 mg/ml intravenous injection and suprofen 200 mg/ml infusion were in the present single-blind crossover study assessed and compared with those of placebo i.v. 12 volunteers each were in random fashion assigned to one of the three treatment groups; for a period of 7 days the subjects received daily 2 intravenous injections or infusions of suprofen or placebo, respectively. Investigator and patients appreciation of local tolerability revealed that no pain or discomfort occurred in 98% of the subjects on suprofen and in 100% of those on placebo. The incidence of limited, moderate or mild, adverse reactions was in the suprofen group higher than in the placebo group. The laboratory tests for the treatment groups indicated no negative effects on either the hematopoietic organs or the liver function; no abnormal changes in ECG and cardiovascular parameters were observed during the treatment period. Tests of the renal parameters, i.e., creatinine clearance, creatinine, and urea (BUN), revealed negative shifts in the first two parameters, whereas BUN remained uninfluenced. On the basis of these results it can be stated that 200 mg/ml of suprofen, given either as intravenous injection or as infusion, were both locally and systemically well tolerated even on administration b.i.d. The more or less unfavorable shifts in the renal parameters, which occurred with placebo as well as with suprofen, require further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Gastrointestinal effects and acute toxicity of suprofen.

The acute effects of orally administered, high doses of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) were studied in various tests, related to gastrointestinal functions. A decrease of the diarrheal stools in the castor oil test in rats was the first effect noted; the ED50 in this test was 40 mg/kg. This dose is 540 times higher than the ED50 of suprofen in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in rats (ED50 = 0.074 mg/kg). Temporarily decreased food consumption in rats was first noted after administration of 80 mg/kg. This is more than 1000 times the ED50 in the rat anti-writhing test. The appearance of gastrointestinal lesions was also studied in rats and a direct quantitative comparison was made with indometacin, acetyl-salicylic acid and ketoprofen. The dose of suprofen that produced lesions in 50% of the rats was 200 mg/kg, viz. 2700 times the ED50 in the rat anti-writhing test. Similarly obtained safety margins are 9.0 for indometacin, 78 for acetyl-salicylic acid and 102 for ketoprofen. The mortality after a single oral administration of suprofen was studied in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and dogs. LD50-values, based on mortality 7 days after administration, were 590 mg/kg, 353 mg/kg, 280 mg/kg and more than 160 mg/kg, respectively. Comparative LD50's in mice and rats were 14 and 19 mg/kg for indometacin, 280 and 70 mg/kg for ketoprofen. Therefore the safety margin in rats, with respect to the ED50 in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, is 4770 for suprofen, 156 for ketoprofen and 17.3 for indometacin. In guinea-pigs the safety margin of suprofen is 1470 with respect to the ED50 in UV-erythema and in dogs more than 250 with respect to the ED50 in urate-induced arthritis. From these data we may conclude that suprofen is comparatively safer than the reference compounds studied and that its effects on the gastrointestinal tract appear at doses far above those required for effectiveness in tests related to pain, fever and inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immune hemolytic anemia associated with tolmetin and suprofen.

This article reports the first case of immune hemolytic anemia possibly associated with the ingestion of suprofen. The patient suffered from massive hemoglobinuria and acute renal failure. Serologic studies of the patient's serum revealed suprofen-dependent red cell antibodies. However, tolmetin-dependent antibodies were also found in the serum, showing the same properties as the suprofen antibodies and an even higher titer. The patient not only had drug-dependent antibodies in the serum, but also had developed autoantibodies, a phenomenon that has been described for several other drugs. The working mechanism by which suprofen and tolmetin caused immune hemolysis had properties of both the immune complex model and the induction of autoimmunity. Although it was unclear whether the immune hemolytic anemia was the result of suprofen, tolmetin, or cross-reacting antibodies, we feel that suprofen should be added to the list of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated with a positive direct antiglobulin test.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed2003

Mechanism-based inactivation of human recombinant P450 2C9 by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug suprofen.

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (+ or -)-suprofen [alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid] was evaluated as a P450 2C9 inactivator. (+ or -)-Suprofen inactivated the diclofenac-4-hydroxylase activity of baculovirus-expressed P450 2C9 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, which was consistent with mechanism-based inactivation. The loss of activity followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and was suprofen- and NADPH-dependent. The kinetic parameters for inactivation kinact and KI were 0.091 min-1 and 3.7 microM, respectively, and the partition ratio was 101. Although P450 2C9 substrate S-warfarin partially protected against inactivation, reactive oxygen scavengers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase did not prevent inactivation. Extensive dialysis did not regenerate enzyme activity, suggesting that inactivation proceeded via covalent modification. Inactivated P450 2C9 lost <10% of its ability to form a CO-reduced complex, suggesting that inactivation may have resulted from covalent modification of apoprotein. Addition of exogenous nucleophiles such as glutathione and semicarbazide partially protected against inactivation. Apart from the metabolism of suprofen to 5-hydroxysuprofen, the formation of a suprofen-glutathione conjugate was also discernible in microsomal mixtures containing glutathione. Time of flight mass spectrometry revealed a protonated monoisotopic mass of 566.1304 for this conjugate, consistent with an elemental composition of C24H28N3O9S2. The mass spectrum indicated that conjugation had occurred on the intact thiophene ring, presumably via a thioether linkage. Further evidence for the formation of an electrophilic intermediate in suprofen-P450 2C9 incubations was obtained via the characterization of a novel pyridazine adduct upon addition of semicarbazide to the microsomal mixtures. The pyridazine derivative had a protonated monoisotopic mass of 257.0895 that was consistent with an elemental composition of C14H13O3N2. The formation of the stable pyridazine adduct suggested the generation of an electrophilic gamma-thioketo-alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde, analogous to that observed during the cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of furan. This electrophilic alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde represents a possible reactive intermediate that bioalkylates P450 2C9.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1984

Effect of (+/-)-2-[p-(2-thenoyl)phenyl] propionic acid (suprofen) on experimental allergic reactions.

The effects of (+/-)-2-[p-(2-thenoyl)phenyl] propionic acid (suprofen), a new anti-inflammatory agent, on experimental allergic reaction and antibody formation were examined. The action was compared with those of ketoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, tranilast, chlorpheniramine, prednisolone and/or cyclophosphamide. Suprofen inhibited homologous PCA in rats, immunological histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and guinea pig lung tissues, Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV) and the Arthus reaction in guinea pigs. The potency for inhibition of the PCA reaction was similar to that of ketoprofen and more potent than ibuprofen and trailast. As for the release of anaphylactic mediators, suprofen was less potent than tranilast in terms of histamine release, but not the release of the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Suprofen inhibited FCA more potently than other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The inhibition of the Arthus reaction by suprofen was similar to those of other NSAID and prednisolone. Suprofen hardly affected delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs and antibody (IgM or IgE) formation in mice or rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Type I lipid photo-oxidation by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug suprofen: a possible key to its photosensitivity.

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug suprofen acted as a photosensitizer to oxidize lipids on ultraviolet A irradiation, that is, squalene and cholesterol in ethanol solution and phosphatidylcholine in liposome membranes. Photo-oxidation of squalene sensitized with suprofen was not repressed by the addition of sodium azide. Photo-oxidation of cholesterol sensitized with suprofen produced 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroperoxides but not 5 alpha-hydroperoxide of cholesterol. These findings are consistent with the type I mechanism but not the type II mechanism of photo-oxidation. Suprofen-sensitized photo-oxidation of membrane lipids of liposomes increased leakage of trapped glucose, suggesting photosensitized destabilization of the membrane structure. These results suggest that the photo-oxidation ability of suprofen by the type I mechanism is a possible key to the induction of suprofen photosensitivity.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1986

Clinically controlled comparative study of intravenous single doses of suprofen versus indoprofen.

The analgesic effects of single intravenous doses of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienyl-carbonyl)phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 200 mg/ml and alpha-4-(2-isoindolinyl-2-one)-phenylpropionic acid (indoprofen) 200 mg were compared within the scope of a randomized single-blind study. The test population consisted of 87 patients for whom analgesic treatment was indicated as soon as severe to major pain set in following meniscectomy or disease of a ligament. The treatment groups were homogeneous with respect to demographic data and intensity of pain prior to treatment. In the pain models chosen both drugs resulted in rapid pain relief within 15 min following their application. As to decreased intensity of pain (SPID) and pain relief (TOTPAR), the results obtained 2 h after the test were with indoprofen statistically significantly superior to those obtained with suprofen. The investigator's global appreciation of effectiveness revealed no intergroup differences. Therapeutic results were seen in 95.5% of the subjects on suprofen and in 97.6% of those on indoprofen. The tolerability of suprofen was very good in 95.3% of the cases on suprofen and in 97.3% of those on indoprofen. Four patients in the suprofen group experienced adverse reactions that were, however, not drug related.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Double-dummy comparison of suprofen and indometacin sustained release formulations.

In a randomized double-dummy study a new dosage form of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienyl-carbonyl)phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol), i.e., suprofen sustained release 600 mg tablets, was compared with indometacin sustained release 75 mg capsules. The test population included 60 hospitalized subjects in severe chronic pain requiring analgesic treatment. The treatment groups were homogeneous as to their anamnestic data. Treatment was given for 3 weeks; the drugs were uniformly administered in the morning and in the evening. The intensity of pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) prior to administration of the first dose on day 1 of the therapy, and then for up to 10 h. Further assessments of pain intensity and pain relief were obtained after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of therapy. Comparison of the mean pain intensity (VAS) at the individual rating times revealed statistically significant better pain relief with suprofen than with indometacin already 1 h after the administration (p less than 0.05, multivariate analysis of variance). This statistically significant difference as compared with indometacin was confirmed at all subsequent time points. The weekly assessments of pain intensity showed that the results obtained with suprofen were superior to those with indometacin, although they were not statistically significant. However, pain relief after 2 weeks' treatment with suprofen was significantly superior (p = 0.0061, exact test) to the result observed with indometacin. The results obtained with suprofen in weeks 1 and 3 were superior to those with indometacin, but they were not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Clinically controlled comparative study of suprofen, pentazocine, and placebo. Experience with intramuscular single doses.

Analgesic effect and tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 200 mg were compared with pentazocine 30 mg and placebo in 88 patients in moderate to severe postoperative pain. The trial was designed as a randomized single-blind study; the test drugs were in single doses (1 ml ampuls) administered by deep intragluteal injection in the upper outer quadrant. The test population was homogeneous as to anamnestic data; the initial intensity of pain was comparable in all three groups. Statistical analysis of the obtained data revealed that at the rating times 30 min to 3 h suprofen was statistically significantly superior to placebo, while after 2 h it was significantly superior to pentazocine. The investigator's final global appreciation of effectiveness states moderate to good effect in 86% of the patients on suprofen, 76% of those on pentazocine, and 63% of the subjects on placebo. Significant difference existed only between suprofen and placebo. Systemic tolerability was considered good to very good in 97% of the subjects in all three treatment groups, whereas local tolerability was considered poor in 2 patients (6.9%) in the group on suprofen. There were no significant differences between the medications. Two subjects each on suprofen and pentazocine and 1 patient on placebo experienced side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Antipyretic effect and tolerability of suprofen suppositories. Controlled clinical double-blind study with placebo.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antipyretic effect of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 300 mg suppositories compared to placebo in patients with fever of various etiology. The trial was designed as a randomized double-blind study including 30 patients per treatment group. After insertion of the suppository, temperatures were measured after 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 31/2, 4, 5, and 6 h. The study was performed at four investigational centers. At the end of the study, a total of 61 patients could be evaluated: 27 on suprofen, 34 on placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in the anamnestic data. The mean age of the subjects on suprofen was 66.5 years, and on placebo 61.3 years. Prior to treatment, the mean temperatures in the two treatment groups were 38.8 and 38.9 degrees C, respectively. In the suprofen group, the temperature dropped to a mean of 37.9 degrees C within 3 h and to 37.6 degrees C within 6 h. The decrease in temperature was less marked in the placebo group; here the mean temperature was 38.4 degrees C after 3 h and 38.2 degrees C after 6 h. Suprofen was found to be superior to placebo throughout the study, the differences being statistically significant after 3 h up to 6 h. The only side effect experienced by a subject on suprofen was vomiting.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of suprofen. Experience with intramuscular application in healthy volunteers.

In the present randomized single-blind study local and systemic tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 200 mg/ml i.m. were compared with those of diclofenac 25 mg/ml and placebo. The three treatment groups consisted of 15 patients each and were homogeneous with respect to demographic parameters. The volunteers were assigned to these groups in random fashion and underwent treatment with 3 injections/day of either suprofen or diclofenac or placebo for 7 days. Mild local pain or systemic intolerance signs were equally rare in all three groups. The laboratory tests with the three preparations studied failed to indicate any negative influence on the hematopoietic organs or the adrenal activity. Abnormal changes in the ECG and the cardiovascular parameters during the treatment were not observed. Moderately or slightly elevated SGOT and SGPT values were seen during treatment with suprofen; however, these values returned to normal after the treatment. As compared with these elevations the values for subjects on diclofenac were higher and did not return to normal within 5 days following withdrawal of the drug. Moreover, the creatine phosphokinase activity, observed in both the suprofen and the diclofenac group, was so extremely high in subjects on diclofenac that this drug had to extremely high in subjects on diclofenac that this drug had to be withdrawn on day 4 of the study. On the basis of these results it can be stated that intramuscular injections of suprofen 200 mg/ml are locally and systemically well tolerated even on administration t.i.d. Measurement of the steady-state plasma level was not indicative of altered kinetic behaviour of suprofen. The plasma levels remained constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Inhibitory effect of TN-762 (suprofen) on platelet aggregation].

Inhibitory effects of TN-762 (suprofen), ketoprofen, and indomethacin on rat or rabbit platelet aggregation were examined. Of these compounds tested, Suprofen showed the most potent effect on platelet aggregation in vitro, especially in AA-induced rabbit platelet aggregation (IC50 = 0.01 microM). Suprofen showed an inhibitory effect similar to that of ketoprofen and indomethacin on rat platelet aggregation ex vivo. The lethal effect of AA in the rabbits was protected by suprofen (0.05 mg/kg p.o.) at concentrations lower than the other compounds. Similar to the compounds, suprofen had little effect on the PG I2 synthesis in the rat aorta. In order to test the direct effects of these compounds on the platelet avoiding the effects of other plasma components, gel-filtrated rat platelets were used. All tested compounds showed similar inhibitory effect. To investigating the interaction of these compounds with the lipid bilayers, we used the liposome as a model membrane. The tested compounds inhibited liposome aggregation induced by 4 mM Ca2+. In this experiment, the interaction of suprofen with the lipid bilayers was shown.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1975

The effects of suprofen in rats with Mycobacterium butyricum-induced arthritis.

The activity of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) was studied in rats with established Mycobacterium butyricum-induced arthritis. The arthritic response was evaluated by measuring the diameter changes of the hind paws and tibiotarsal joints, using a new apparatus. Treatment once daily by gavage during 14 days revealed activity at the dose of 1.25 mg/kg and above. The lowest ED50 was 6.2 mg/kg. In comparison with simultaneously studied reference compounds, this corresponded approximately to the activity of phenylbutazone. In the higher dose range, 10 to 40 mg/kg, the reduction of external arthritic symptoms was associated with marked reversal of multiple bone deformations. A treatment schedule with 4 administrations of 2.5 mg/kg/day was significantly more effective than a single daily administration of 10 mg/kg and comparable to that of 10 mg/kg once daily. Mixing of suprofen with the diet, to give the low daily dose of 1.28 mg/kg confirmed the high activity expected from the maintenance of a practically constant compound level in the treated rats. In a comparative study involving suprofen, acetyl-salicylic acid, indometacin, phenylbutazone and tolmetin, all administered over 14 days with the diet in a dose range up to toxic dose levels, dose-related anti-inflammatory and toxic effects were obtained. The potency order and ED50's of the compounds were: indometacin (0.31 mg/kg) greater than suprofen (1.48) greater than tolmetin (18.0) = phenylbutazone (18.2) greater than acetyl-salicylic acid (440). Suprofen had by far the largest safety margin (48), followed by phenylbutazone (20), tolmetin (16), indometacin (8) and acetyl-salicylic acid (2). In conclusion, three major symptoms of adjuvant arthritis: joint inflammation, impaired growth and bone erosion, were markedly reduced by different doses of suprofen, which revealed to be a safe compound when compared to several reference compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of suprofen on corneal wound healing.

We studied the effect of suprofen, a new ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, on corneal wound healing. Nine-millimeter, central, perforating corneal wounds were made in albino rabbits and sutured with 10-0 nylon. The animals were randomly treated with balanced salt solution, suprofen vehicle, 1% suprofen, or 0.1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate administered topically for six days. On the seventh postoperative day, the sutures were removed and, in situ, the intraocular pressure was increased in a controlled manner until the wound burst. Dexamethasone applied four times a day significantly inhibited corneal wound healing, whereas suprofen given as often as hourly did not. Pretreatment with hourly administered suprofen for two days prior to surgery, in addition to the same postoperative hourly therapy, also did not significantly decrease stromal wound strength.

Administration, Topical↗