[Experimental study of reticuloendotheliosis caused by estrogens and sesame oil; their morphological identity. II..].
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Estradiol Congeners↗
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[Determination of sesame oil in margarine and similar fats with color additives].
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Fats↗
Studies of penicillin in pediatrics; III. Procaine penicillin G in sesame oil, in peanut oil with 2% aluminum monostearate and in water with sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
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Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗
Continuous enzymatic transesterification of sesame oil and a fully hydrogenated fat: effects of reaction conditions on product characteristics.
An immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL IM) was employed to mediate the continuous transesterification of sesame oil and fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) in a packed-bed reactor operating at 70 degrees C. Reactions between sesame oil (rich in LLL (15.97%), LOL (31.56%), and OLO (21.15%) [L = linoleic; O = oleic]) and the fully hydrogenated fat ((73.7% SSS, 26.3% SPS) [S = stearic; P = palmitic]) produced semi-solid fats. These products are complex mixtures of triacylglycerol (TAG) species whose compositions depend on reaction conditions. The dependence of the steady state product TAG profile on space time was determined for four initial weight ratios of sesame oil to hydrogenated fat (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). Except for the trial involving a weight ratio of sesame oil to FHSBO of 60:40, near equilibrium conditions were achieved at space times of 30 min-1 h. The chemical, physical, and functional properties of the product semi-solid fats were characterized. The predominant TAG species in the quasi-equilibrium products obtained from the mixture initially containing 90% (w/w) sesame oil and 10% FHSBO were LOL (26.22%) and OLO (21.92%). For transesterification of 80% sesame oil and 20% FHSBO, the major product species were OOP (21.27%), LOL (17.46%), and OLO (13.93%). OOP (24.38%) was the major product for reaction of 70% sesame oil with 30% FHSBO. Appropriate choices of reaction conditions and initial ratios of sesame oil to FHSBO lead to TAG with melting profiles and solid fat contents (SFC) similar to those of a variety of commercial products.
Ascomycota↗
Characteristics of structured lipid prepared by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of roasted sesame oil and caprylic acid in a bench-scale continuous packed bed reactor.
Structured lipid (SL) was prepared from roasted sesame oil and caprylic acid (CA) by Rhizomucor miehei lipase-catalyzed acidolysis in a bench-scale continuous packed bed reactor. Total incorporation and acyl migration of CA in the SL were 42.5 and 3.1 mol %, respectively, and the half-life of the lipase was 19.2 days. The SL displayed different physical and chemical properties, less saturated dark brown color, lower viscosity, lower melting and crystallization temperature ranges, higher melting and crystallization enthalpies, higher smoke point, higher saponification value, and lower iodine value, in comparison to those of unmodified sesame oil. The oxidative stability of purified SL was lower than that of sesame oil. There were no differences in the contents of unsaponifiables including tocopherols and phytosterols. However, total sesame lignans content was decreased in SL due to the loss of sesamol when compared to sesame oil. Most of the 70 volatiles present in roasted sesame oil were removed from SL during short-path distillation of SL. These results indicate that the characteristics of SL are different from those of original sesame oil in several aspects except for the contents of tocopherols and phytosterols.
Benzodioxoles↗
Effects of sesame oil on oxidative stress and hepatic injury after cecal ligation and puncture in rats.
Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the development of organ failure and death in sepsis. Sesame oil attenuates oxidative stress induced by endotoxin; however, whether sesame oil is still effective in rats with sepsis has never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sesame oil on oxidative stress-associated hepatic injury in cecal ligation and puncture-induced rats with sepsis. We examined the effect of sesame oil (4 mL/kg daily for 1 week) on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and nitrite levels in rats with sepsis. In addition, hepatic injury was also assessed by blood biochemistry. Sesame oil significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and serum nitrite levels, but affected neither superoxide anion nor hydroxyl radical in cecal ligation and puncture-treated rats. Furthermore, sesame oil significantly attenuated cecal ligation and puncture-induced hepatic injury in rats. Nevertheless, oxidative stress and hepatic injury were not affected by corn oil or mineral oil in rats with sepsis. Thus, attenuation of oxidative stress and hepatic injury may be associated with inhibition of nitric oxide in sesame oil-associated protection in rats with sepsis.
Animals↗
A pilot study of open label sesame oil in hypertensive diabetics.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sesame oil in hypertensive diabetics medicated with atenolol (beta-blocker) and glibenclamide (sulfonylurea). This open label trial with two intervention periods comprised 22 male and 18 female patients, 45-65 years old, with mild to moderate hypertension and diabetes. Sesame oil (Idhayam Gingelly oil, V.V.V. & Sons, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India) was supplied to the patients, who were instructed to use it in place of other cooking oils for 45 days. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride), and enzymic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and nonenzymic (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and reduced glutathione) antioxidants were measured at baseline and after 45 days of sesame oil substitution. The same patients were then switched over to other oils like palm or groundnut oils as their regular oils at random for another 45 days, and the investigations were carried out again at the end. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased remarkably. When oil substitution was withdrawn, BP values rose again. Body weight, body mass index, girth of waist, girth of hip, and waist:hip ratio were reduced upon substitution of sesame oil. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, and TG were decreased. TBARS level was reduced, while the activities of enzymic and the levels of nonenzymic antioxidants were increased. Plasma sodium levels were reduced, while potassium levels were elevated. These results indicate that substitution of sesame oil as the sole edible oil has an additive effect in further lowering BP and plasma glucose in hypertensive diabetics.
Aged↗
Influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
The present study was carried out to assess the influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and status of antioxidants in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitonially. Both normal and diabetic rats were fed with a commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented with 6% sesame oil for 42 days. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of blood glucose (322.61 +/- 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides and decreased levels of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). An increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and a decrease in hexokinase activity were observed in liver and kidney tissues. When diabetic rats fed with sesame oil were compared with diabetic rats, a significant reduction in levels of blood glucose (222.02 +/- 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, TBARS, and lipid hydroperoxides and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levels and hexokinase activity were observed. Thus, sesame oil consumption influences beneficially the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.
Animals↗
Pure sesame oil vs isotonic sodium chloride solution as treatment for dry nasal mucosa.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there was any difference in efficacy when nasal mucosa dryness was treated with pure sesame oil (Nozoil) compared with isotonic sodium chloride solution (ISCS). DESIGN: In a randomized, crossover study, 79 subjects with nasal mucosa dryness were enrolled. Half the subjects received pure sesame oil for 14 days followed by ISCS for 14 days, and the other half received ISCS for 14 days followed by pure sesame oil for 14 days. During the test period from March 13 to May 30, 2000, the outdoor absolute humidity was low. Nasal mucosa dryness, stuffiness, and crusts were scored every evening with a visual analog scale. SETTING: The County Hospital, Skellefteå, Sweden. RESULTS: Nasal mucosa dryness improved significantly when pure sesame oil was used compared with ISCS (P<.001). The improvement in nasal stuffiness was also better with pure sesame oil (P<.001) as was improvement in nasal crusts (P<.001). Eight of 10 subjects reported that their nasal symptoms had improved with pure sesame oil compared with 3 of 10 for ISCS (P<.001). Adverse events were few and temporary. CONCLUSION: When nasal mucosa dryness due to a dry winter climate was treated, pure sesame oil was shown statistically to be significantly more effective than ISCS.
Administration, Intranasal↗
Dietary sesame oils inhibits iron-induced oxidative stress in rats [corrected].
The high stability of sesame oil against oxidative deterioration is attributed to lignans in its non-glycerol fraction. The present study evaluates the effects of feeding sesame lignans (sesamin and sesamolin) on Fe2+-induced oxidative stress in rats. Three groups, each of sixteen male weanling WNIN rats, were fed diets containing 200 g casein/kg and l00 g oil/kg (group 1, groundnut oil; group 2, sesame oil; group 3,sesame oil + sesamin (0.4 g/kg). After 45 d of feeding, eight rats from each group were injected with saline (9 g Na Cl/l, controls) intraperitoneally while the remaining eight rats were injected with 30 mg Fe2+/kg body weight as ferrous sulfate in normal saline. The animals were killed after 90 min to evaluate hepatic function and antioxidant status. Compared with those fed groundnut oil (group 1), sesame oil-fed rats(groups 2 and 3) had lower levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, serum glutamate:oxaloacetate transaminase activities and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities, indicating protection against Fe-induced oxidative stress. Despite similar tocopherol levels in the three diets, hepatic a-tocopherol levels were higher in rats fed the sesame-oil diets (groups 2 and 3) compared with controls (group 1).However, activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly (P< 0-05) increased only in rats fed higher levels of lignans (group 3). These observations suggest that sesame lignans may have sparing effects on tocopherols. The increased bioavailability of tocopherols in the presence of dietary lignans might be due to the regeneration of oxidized tocopherols. The synergistic effects of lignans with tocols has nutritional and therapeutic implications.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Chemopreventive effect of resveratrol, sesamol, sesame oil and sunflower oil in the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assay and the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis.
Resveratrol, sesamol, sesame oil and sunflower oil are known natural dietary components with intrinsic cancer chemopreventive potentials. As a part of our study of dietary constituents as potential cancer chemopreventive agents, we have assessed the anti-cancer potentials of these products in the promotion stage of cancer development employing the in vitro Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assay induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Further, we studied the activities of these compounds in the brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay as well as on the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging bioassay with a view to comparing some of the mechanisms of their anti-cancer activity. Finally, we compared the observed chemoprotective capabilities of the four products in the in vivo 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene initiated and TPA-promoted mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis protocols. All the products tested showed a profound inhibitory effect on the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen induction using Raji cells. Comparatively, sesame oil was the most potent followed by sesamol and then resveratrol. Only sesamol and resveratrol showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity in the brine shrimp lethality assays as well as profound free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH bioassay. In both test systems, sesamol exhibited a more remarkable activity than resveratrol while sesame oil and sunflower oil did not exhibit any appreciable activity even at the highest concentrations tested (4000 microg ml(-1) ). In our in vivo assay at a 50-fold molar ratio to TPA, sesamol offered 50% reduction in mouse skin papillomas at 20 weeks after promotion with TPA. Under an identical molar ratio to TPA, resveratrol offered a 60% reduction in the papillomas in mouse at 20 weeks. Thus sesamol seems to be an almost equally potent chemopreventive agent. Sesame oil and sunflower oil offered 20 and 40% protection, respectively, in the mouse skin tumor model. The anti-oxidant capabilities of these compounds could not solely explain the observed anti-cancer characteristics. Resveratrol is present in grapes. Sesamol, a constituent of sesame oil and sunflower oil are regularly consumed dietary natural products. The observed chemopreventive effect of these products particularly warrants more attention since they already exist in the population with no known adverse effects.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
Effect of sesame oil on oxidative-stress-associated renal injury in endotoxemic rats: involvement of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of sesame oil on oxidative stress-associated renal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. The effects of sesame oil on renal injury, oxidative stress, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines were assessed after a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Sesame oil attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury, decreased lipid peroxidation, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, reduced hydroxyl radical generation and nitric oxide production, and had no effect on superoxide anion generation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rats. In addition, sesame oil significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1beta production 1 and 6 h, respectively, after lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. Thus, sesame oil attenuates oxidative stress-associated renal injury via reduction of the production of nitric oxide and the generation of proinflammatory cytokines in endotoxemic rats.
Animals↗
Sesame oil in injectable gold: two drugs in one?
To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of sesame oil, which is present in the injectable gold preparation Auromyose, the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by in vitro stimulated blood cells was measured before, during and after 12 weeks of dietary supplementation with 18 g of sesame oil daily in 11 healthy male volunteers. Neither TNF-alpha, PGE2 nor LTB4 production levels showed statistically significant changes during the 12 weeks of dietary supplementation with sesame oil. These results do not suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of sesame oil as present in injectable gold preparations which are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Adolescent↗
Avoidance of solidification of sesame oil at low temperature by self-interesterification with immobilized lipase.
To reduce the freezing point of sesame oil, the lipase-catalyzed interesterification of sesame oil in a solvent free system was studied. The lipase was immobilized on Celite and refined sesame oil was used as the only substrate for the reaction. After interesterification, the oil did not solidify at 0 degrees C even after 24 h, and even longer storage at 2-4 degrees C did not result in solidification. The change of physical behavior was investigated with a differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction, and reduction in the thermodynamic and crystallographic stability of the interesterified oil was demonstrated. The change in triacylglycerol species composition after the reaction was analyzed, showing that content of trisaturated acylglycerol was decreased.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
Allergens in sesame oil contact dermatitis.
In 13 patients with contact allergy to sesame oil, studies were undertaken to elucidate the nature of the allergens. Sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin were identified in crude and purified (pharmaceutical) sesame oil. Patch tests showed 8 of the 13 patients to be positive to sesamol and 12 to sesamolin and sesamin. Patch tests with the pure substances on thin-layer sheets were inconclusive as to any difference between these substances. Group allergy to several substances related to sesamol could not be clearly demonstrated.
Allergens↗
Studies on the adjuvant effect of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion of sesame oil. 2. Mode of action of the w/o/w emulsion.
The water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion showed potent adjuvant effect on the antibody formation to thymus-dependent antigens, but not to thymus-independent antigens. In hapten-carrier system the priming with carrier in the w/o/w emulsion enhanced more effectively the carrier specific helper function than did the priming with carrier in free solution. The cells responsible for the helper function were radioresistant. In the adoptive cell transfer system, the w/o/w emulsion was shown to enhance helper cell function. It is discussed that our w/o/w emulsion exerts the adjuvant effect by enhancing helper T cell activity.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Selective growth inhibition of a human malignant melanoma cell line by sesame oil in vitro.
Ayurveda, an ancient and comprehensive system of natural medicine, recommends regular topical application to the skin of sesame oil, above all other oils, as a health-promoting procedure. We examined the effect of sesame oil and several other vegetable oils and their major component fatty acids on the proliferation rate of human normal and malignant melanocytes growing at similar rates in serum-free media. We found that sesame and safflower oils, both of which contain large amounts of linoleate in triglyceride form, selectively inhibited malignant melanoma growth over normal melanocytes whereas coconut, olive and mineral oils, which contain little or no linoleate as triglyceride, did not. These oils were tested at a range of 10-300 micrograms/ml. We found that of the fatty acids tested, only linoleic acid was selectively inhibitory while palmitic and oleic were not. These fatty acids were tested in the range of 3-100 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that certain vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid, such as the sesame oil, recommended for topical use by Ayurveda, may contain selective antineoplastic properties which are similar to those demonstrated for essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites. This suggests that whole vegetable oils may have potential clinical usefulness.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
The use of sesame oil and other vegetable oils in the inhibition of human colon cancer growth in vitro.
Sesame contains large quantities of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), linoleic acid, in the form triglycerides. The antineoplastic properties of many PUFAs such as linoleic acid and their metabolites are known. We tested the hypothesis that natural vegetable oils, such as sesame oil and its component linoleic acid, when added to human colon adenocarcinoma cells growing in tissue culture would inhibit their growth and that normal colon cells would not be similarly affected. Three human colon cancer cell lines and one normal human colon cell line were exposed to the following: (1) pure linoleic acid; (2) lipase-digested sesame oil; (3) undigested sesame oil; (4) five additional common vegetable oils; (5) mineral oil. Linoleic acid inhibited the in vitro growth of all three malignant human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. The normal colon cell line showed dramatically less inhibition of growth. Lipase-digested sesame oil (LDSO) and undigested sesame oil (UDSO) produced greater inhibition of growth of all three malignant colon cell lines than of the normal colon cells. Five other common vegetable oils containing various amounts of PUFAs such as corn, soybean, safflower, olive and coconut oils, all in their lipase-digested form, were found to dramatically inhibit the growth of the HT-29 malignant human colon cell line. Undigested olive and safflower oils also inhibited the HT-29 cells although not as markedly as the lipase-digested oils. Mineral oil did not inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells. Both lauric and palmitic acid, which are saturated fatty acids found in abundance in coconut oil inhibits the HT-29 cells more strongly than linoleic acid, while oleic acid did not inhibit. We conclude that many vegetable oils including sesame contain in vitro antineoplastic properties and that this finding warrants further investigation both in vitro and in vivo to assess their possible chemotherapeutic potential.
Adenocarcinoma↗