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PubMed1979

An infertile male with balanced Y;19 translocation. Review of Y;autosome translocations.

Cytogenetic studies on a phenotypically normal male, presenting with infertility, revealed a balanced Y;19 translocation - 46,XY,t (Y;19) (q11; p or q13). The patient had a normal hormone profile, but semen analysis showed immature cells in the fluid. The possible mechanisms causing the infertility are discussed. An extensive review of the literature of Y ; autosome translocations indicates that there are 2 types, those in which the broken segment of the Y is translocated to the short arm or centromeric region of an acrocentric chromosome, and those in which the Y material is translocated onto a long or short arm region of a non-acrocentric chromosome. The first type is less frequently associated with infertility and hypogonadism than the second type. There is presumptive evidence that the first type is non-random.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Case report: sterility due to sperm autoagglutination.

Autoagglutination in seminal fluid of husbands in three unexplained sterile couples was found in routine semen-analysis. Further exploration showed that sera and seminal fluid of these husbands agglutinate donors' sperm, while their wives' sera did not. Post-coital tests were not significant. After failure of conservative treatment with vitamin C, two couples agreed to AID followed promptly by pregnancies and deliveries. The possible connection between sterility and sperm-auto-agglutination is discussed, stressing the justification for looking at these phenomena more carefully and with more attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunological factors and post coital test in unexplained infertility.

Twenty-four couples facing longstanding primary or secondary infertility underwent semen analysis, PCT, functional evaluation of menstrual cycle, hysterosalpingography and laparscopy. All clinical findings were normal with the exception of PCT which was positive in 13 and negative in 11. All the women underwent a multiple approach investigation of local and circulating antibodies production as well as cell-mediated immunity against live spermatozoa. Sperm Immobilization Test (SIT) and Spermatotoxicity Tests (STT) were performed in a single experimental design on cervical mucus and blood serum. Leucocyte Migration Inhibition Test in presence of sperms (LMIT) was done on peripheral leucocytes. Local antispermatic activity in the cervical mucus was negative in all PCT positive cases, and positive in six out of 11 PCT negative cases. SIT and STT were both positive in cervical mucus and in blood in one case only. No correlation could be found between PCT and serum SIT, STT or LMIT. The fertility pattern expressed by the number of pregnancies per years of exposure, already low in the whole group, was even lower in the sub-groups with positive immunological factors. Positive immunological factors do not exclude the possibility of conception but appear to be associated with a reduced rate of conception.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed2026

Extender-dependent effects of reduced glutathione on post-thaw boar sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Supplementation of reduced glutathione (GSH) in freezing media has been proposed to improve post-thaw boar sperm quality, although reported findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione on post-thaw sperm quality through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Scopus, PubMed, CAB Direct, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 in vitro studies comprising 19 experiments were included. Four outcomes were analyzed: total motility, progressive motility, viability, and acrosome integrity. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test, and the I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger's test, and trim-and-fill analysis, while sensitivity analyses were performed using Baujat plots and leave-one-out analysis. Reduced glutathione was positively associated with total motility (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.42-1.05; P<0.001), progressive motility (SMD = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.21-1.58; P=0.014), viability (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.11-1.23; P=0.022), and acrosome integrity (SMD = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.32-1.12; P=0.002). Low to high heterogeneity was observed across outcomes, indicating variability in the estimated effects across studies. Significant subgroup differences were identified according to GSH concentration, freezing media, and thawing media. Overall, the available evidence suggests a possible positive association between GSH supplementation and several post-thaw sperm quality parameters, although these subgroup findings are exploratory and require confirmation in well-standardized experimental studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

L-glutamine supplementation improves porcine sperm quality and early embryo development during in vitro fertilization.

L-glutamine (Gln), as a key additive in porcine sperm capacitation medium and in vitro fertilization (IVF) systems, has been shown to significantly improve sperm motility and survival rates. However, its precise roles during porcine IVF and subsequent early embryonic development remain elusive. This study utilized an IVF model in pigs to investigate the effects of glutamine on sperm quality and embryonic development. We found that Gln supplementation during sperm treatment significantly improved sperm quality, as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and early apoptosis, while enhancing calcium ion levels and endoplasmic reticulum activity. Supplementing glutamine during embryo culture reduced polyspermy rates, promoted zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and accumulation of 5-ethynyluridine (EU) and histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) at the two-cell and four-cell stages, increased blastocyst formation rates and total cell numbers, while simultaneously reducing DNA damage and early apoptosis during the blastocyst stage. In summary, these findings demonstrate that Gln enhances porcine IVF outcomes by improving sperm quality, reducing polyspermy, and facilitating early embryonic development, thereby providing a basis for optimizing culture systems.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Age-related differences in semen quality in Holstein-Friesian bulls: a paired within-bull comparison of early and mature reproductive stages.

Genomic selection has changed dairy cattle breeding by increasing the use of young bulls for artificial insemination and shortening the reproductive lifespan of sires. Under these conditions, semen quality at the beginning of commercial use has become an important practical issue. Semen samples from 39 fertile Holstein-Friesian bulls used for commercial AI were collected between 2013 and 2016, during the introduction of genomic selection in Poland. This paired within-bull study compared semen collected from the same bulls at an early reproductive stage (13-20 months; young bulls, YB) and at full maturity (5-6 years; mature bulls, MB). The evaluation included conventional ejaculate traits, CASA-derived motility and kinematic descriptors, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial content per sperm cell. Importantly, all ejaculates met the quality requirements for commercial insemination. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and mitochondrial content did not differ significantly between age groups. The CASA-derived sperm movement profile, in contrast, differed with age. Semen from young bulls showed a higher proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa, whereas semen from mature bulls showed higher velocity-related parameters, including VSL, VCL, and STR. These findings indicate that bull age mainly affected sperm movement characteristics rather than semen output or mitochondrial content. Overall, the results support the use of young bulls in artificial insemination programs and show that age-related differences in semen quality are expressed mainly through changes in the post-thaw sperm motility and kinematic profile.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Gonadal function and fertility outcomes after orchiopexy versus orchiectomy for testicular torsion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To review the early and late changes in hormonal profiles, semen parameters, and clinical outcomes in patients treated with orchiopexy versus orchiectomy for testicular torsion. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other databases, following PRISMA guidelines. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin-B, and semen parameters. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Statistical analysis was performed using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Eleven studies involving 538 participants (197 orchiectomy, 341 orchiopexy) were included. Orchiectomy was associated with a significant increase in FSH (SMD: 1.63, P < 0.0001) and LH (SMD: 1.31, P < 0.0001) compared to orchiopexy. However, testosterone (MD: 0.31 ng/mL; P = 0.4) and inhibin-B (SMD: -0.14; P = 0.87) levels were comparable between groups. Regarding semen parameters, orchiectomy resulted in a significant reduction in sperm concentration (MD: -18 million/mL, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in sperm count (MD: 13.9 million; P = 0.43), normal morphology (MD: 4.97%; P = 0.12), or total motility (MD: 4.05%; P = 0.49). The pooled rate for ipsilateral atrophy following orchiopexy was 38%, which likely depends on ischemia duration. CONCLUSION: Surgical choice in testicular torsion does not significantly affect the overall hormonal balance or most semen parameters due to compensatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Clinical decisions should consider individual case factors, as we lack reliable data on subsequent paternity rates.

Male↗
PubMed2026

Spermidine and melatonin ameliorate heat stress-induced decline in sheep semen quality.

Heat stress impairs reproductive performance in sheep through endocrine disruption and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the protective effects of spermidine (SPD) and melatonin (MT) supplementation on semen quality in Dorper rams during summer. Twenty-four rams were randomly assigned to a control group, an SPD group (5&#x202f;mg/kg, dietary supplementation), or an MT group (60&#x202f;mg, subcutaneous implantation) and treated for 60 days. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was monitored throughout the experimental period. Compared with the control group, MT significantly reduced serum cortisol concentration on day 30 (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed at the other sampling time points. Serum testosterone, spermidine, and melatonin concentrations remained unchanged throughout the study (P&#x202f;>&#x202f;0.05). SPD supplementation significantly increased ejaculate volume on day 35 and sperm motility on day 42 (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05), whereas MT did not significantly affect these parameters. Neither treatment reduced the overall sperm abnormality rate. However, both SPD and MT significantly decreased the proportion of acephalic and decaudated sperm on day 56 (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). Neither treatment significantly affected pregnancy rate, delivery rate, or the expression of PMFBP1 and SUN5 proteins in semen (P&#x202f;>&#x202f;0.05). Regarding oxidative stress, MT significantly downregulated CAT protein expression (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05), whereas SPD significantly reduced MDA content and SOD1 protein expression (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05); MT showed similar but non-significant trends for these two markers (P&#x202f;>&#x202f;0.05). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SPD and MT exert distinct protective effects against heat stress, with SPD improving selected semen quality traits and both treatments reducing sperm head-tail separation, although these benefits did not translate into improved reproductive performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of two phosphodiesterase inhibitors, cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, and a beta-blocking agent on human sperm motility.

Mann-fructose fluid (MF), and MF plus caffeine, MF plus pentoxifylline, MF (dibutyryl cAMP), MF plus propranolol, and MF plus propranolol plus dibutyryl cAMP were individually added to aliquots of semen samples obtained from 18 normal men. These drugs were added to a final concentration of 0.6 mM. One aliquot with no addition served as control. Samples were incubated at 37 degrees C and observed by light microscopy at 30 minutes and at 1,2, and 4 hours after obtained the material. At each observation time, semen quality was evaluated by determinating the percentages of forwardly progresssive spermatozoa, slowly progressive spermatozoa, "in situ" motile spermatozoa, live and nonmotile spermatozoa, and dead spermatozoa. Mann-fructose fluid resulted in a decrease in motility and the duration of activity of spermatozoa, Caffeine seemed to neutralize the deleterus effect on the buffer, whereas pentoxifylline and cAMP seemed to increase the duration of activity of spermatozoa. Propranolol resulted in a dramatic decrease in motility, an effect that could not be neutralized by the simultaneous addition of cAMP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Association of diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero with cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia and semen abnormalities.

Epididymal cysts and/or hypoplastic testes have been found in 31.5 per cent of 308 men exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, compared to 7.8 per cent of 307 placebo-exposed controls. Analyses of the spermatozoa have revealed severe pathological changes (Eliasson score greater than 10) in 134 diethylstilbestrol-exposed men (18 per cent) and 87 placebo-exposed men (8 per cent). Further investigation of the 26 diethylstilbestrol-exposed men with testicular hypoplasia has revealed that 65 per cent had a history of cryptorchidism. Only 1 of the 6 placebo-exposed controls with testicular hypoplasia had a history of testicular maldescent. Although none of our Diekmann's lying-in study group has had carcinoma to date one must keep in mind the reported increased risk of testicular carcinoma in testes that are or were cryptorchid. A 25-year-old man who was not part of the study group was treated recently by us for a testicular carcinoma ( mixed anaplastic seminoma plus embryonal cell carcinoma) and he had a history of diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero and cryptorchidism.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

The effect of a combination of prostatic massage and antibiotic plus anticongestive drugs on human semen quality and fertility.

A total of 123 patients suffering from chronic prostatitis and infertility were included in this study. No significant improvement in sperm quality was found following prostatic massage with (90 patients) or without (33) antiobiotic plus anticongestive therapy. There was no apparent change in the relative contribution on the prostate and seminal vesicle of the ejaculate, as judged by the concentration of calcium and fructose. Nor was the pregnancy rate increased. It is concluded that prostatic massage is of little or no therapeutic value in treatment of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of vasectomy on viscosity, pH and volume of semen in man.

The effects of vasectomy on seminal viscosity, volume and pH have been investigated in freshly emitted semen of 21 healthy men before operation and three months later. Viscosity and the pH range were decreased significantly, but the decrease of the seminal volume was not significant. Reasons of changes have been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effect of temperature on the motility and viability of sperm.

In specimens of semen kept at 37 degrees C sperm lose their motility and viability. If kept at 4 degrees C they retain their viability but lose their motility from so-called thermal shock. The best temperature to keep semen in order to preserve sperm motility is 20 degrees C. Loss of motility at 37 degrees C is not entirely prevented by prevention of bacterial contamination with antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

The removal of the seminal vesicles from the boar and the effects on the semen characteristics.

A technique is described for the removal of the seminal vesicles from the boar. The operation was carried out on twelve animals and six of the animals were subsequently trained for semen collection. The seminal plasma from the boars after surgery compared with normal litter mates had a more watery consistency and did not form the characteristic gelduring ejaculation. The sperm concentration was 49% lower while the total reduction of sperm number ejaculate was 78% in the experimental animals, but the ratio of living to dead spermatozoa remained unchanged. The concentrations of citrate and protein were significantly depressed in the seminal plasma of the animals after surgery and the pH increased; the osmolarity remained unchanged. In semination of gilts with the semen from experimental boars revealed no significant loss of fertility compared with the normal controls. Animals slaughtered up to 17 months after surgery showed no regeneration of the seminal vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Combined effects of urine exposure and cryopreservation on sperm quality: an in vitro study of retrograde ejaculation.

Sperm quality influences fertility and offspring health through both genomic inheritance and epigenetic inheritance. Thus, for use in clinical-assisted reproductive technology (ART), spermatozoa must have optimal genomic and epigenetic structures. In patients with retrograde ejaculation, spermatozoa are usually recovered from urine and then cryopreserved for ART. However, the effects of urine exposure and subsequent freeze-thaw cycles on sperm quality remain unclear. This is particularly true for epigenetic changes and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we examined how different durations of urine exposure (10 min and 40 min) followed by freeze-thaw cycles affected sperm motility, DNA integrity, and methylation levels of imprinting genes (H19-imprinted maternally expressed transcript [ H19 ], mesoderm-specific transcript [ MEST ], and the transposable element Alu [ Alu ]). As the duration of urine exposure increased, sperm motility (median [interquartile range]) decreased from 48.0% (39.0%-52.5%) to 1.0% (1.0%-5.0%), the DNA fragmentation index (DFI; median [interquartile range]) increased from 12.0% (9.3%-19.9%) to 23.5% (13.9%-33.9%), the MEST methylation level (mean &#xb1; standard deviation [s.d.]) increased from 3.8% &#xb1; 1.5% to 11.5 &#xb1; 1.2%, and the H19 methylation level (mean &#xb1; s.d.) decreased from 86.9% &#xb1; 0.9% to 82.1% &#xb1; 0.5%. The freeze-thaw process further reduced sperm motility, while the DFI and methylation levels of MEST and H19 did not significantly change. The Alu methylation level remained stable. These findings demonstrate that urine exposure affects sperm motility, DNA integrity, and methylation levels of some imprinting genes. These effects intensify over time. In contrast, the freeze-thaw process impacts only sperm motility. In clinical practice, minimizing exposure to urine might improve sperm quality.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Ureaplasma urealyticum (T. mycoplasma) and male infertility in topical countries.

In view of the potential role of ureaplasma urealyticum in reproductive failure, sample of semen from 100 Nigerian males was cultured in oxoid mycoplasma broth. In 39% of the patients, Uraeplasma uraelyticum was cultured. Of those with positive culture, 92.3% were infertile patients. Five subfertile males achieved pregnancy in their partners after eradication of the ureaplasma urealyticum by a course of tetracycline.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of sperm antibodies in human serum and cervical mucus.

Sperm agglutinating antibodies are purified from sera and cervical mucus of women with unexplained causes of infertility which were positive in the FD-test. Fractionation was performed by affinity-chromatography in a batch device and the sperm agglutinating activity controlled by the Franklin and Dukes test. This sperm antibody fraction was determined via crossed immunoelectrophoresis by migration into an anti-human serum containing gel. In all cases only one big peak resulted. The negative control serum and mucus samples demonstrated no precipitation peaks. By absorption studies it was shown that the sperm agglutinating antibodies in sera were IgM and in cervical mucus IgA. The concentration of IgA and IgM was determined by comparison with standard human IgA and IgM. Thus only one serum- and one cervical mucus antibody seems to be responsible for agglutination. The number of experiments, however, is still too small for general conclusions. This method is easily and quickly performed and can therefore be used as a routine method for the determination of sperm agglutinating antibodies. Its application for sperm-immobilizing or cytotoxic activity remains to be tested.

Antibodies↗