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PubMed1992

Family characteristics of children who self-select into a prevention program for children of alcoholics.

Evaluated the efficacy of a self-selection recruitment process designed to attract fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children into a school-based prevention program for children of alcoholics. Participants were 296 families comprising one child and either one or both parents. Family members' self- and collateral reports were used to assess parental problem drinking, family characteristics, and individual pathology. Analyses revealed that the recruitment process was not effective in recruiting children of alcohol-abusing parents. Furthermore, families in which children received parental consent to participate in the prevention program were indistinguishable from families whose children either showed interest without obtaining consent or showed no interest at all. Implications for recruitment strategies for future prevention programs for children of alcoholics are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of two outcome groups in a school-based mental health project.

Two samples of school-maladjusted children responding most and least favorably to a helping program with nonprofessional child-aides were compared on demographic, referral, and program experience variables. Outcome measures other than teacher ratings used to select the samples validated the inferred improvement differences. Subjects with poor outcomes were significantly more likely to reside in the city, older, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and initially more maladjusted than those with good outcomes, but there were no group differences in age, repeat in grade, or program experience variables. Implications of these data for future program directions and modifications of aide-training procedures are discussed.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1979

Description and evaluation of a preventive mental health program for preschoolers.

A school-based model of preventive intervention is described which identified and significantly overcame school maladaptation among preschool children enrolled in a Detroit Public School Title I Program. Children were screened by teachers for learning and behavioral difficulties using the AML Scale, the Classroom Adjustment Rating Scale, and the Caldwell Preschool Inventory. Sixty-four children were identified on the basis of these instruments as exhibiting some form of school maladaptation. These children were randomly assigned to an experimental condition (N = 32) or placebo control (N = 32). Individually designed prescriptive techniques were developed for high-risk children in the experimental group and were implemented by college student aides after training by the project staff. A multivariate analysis of variance and follow-up univariate analyses, testing differences between experimental and control groups on the posttests, were performed. The difference between the groups on all three criteria measures was significant and favored the experimental children.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1975

Multiple views of a school mental health project: a needed focus in community programs.

A school-based community mental health program, emphasizing early detection and prevention of school maladaptation, was analyzed from the perspectives of participants with different roles and stakes. Program founders tended to value it more than those who carried out its "line" functions. Some differences are identified between what was valued theoretically about the program and how participants actually allocated their time. Differences in perspectives among program participants at various levels and differences between de jure and de facto aspects of program operation are viewed as sources of potential friction. Such difficulties tend to increase as initially simple program models are extended to diverse settings with different needs, problems, resources, and personnel.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular risk stability: from grade school to high school.

School-based, cardiovascular risk reduction programs have increased dramatically over the past decade. Though a wide range of evaluation plans have been implemented, limited longitudinal data are available to estimate the effectiveness of these risk reduction programs. The purposes of this study were to describe the stability of risk factors, the changes in cardiovascular risk from grade school to high school, and the differences in risk between gender. The sample (N = 195) of high school students was developed from three cohorts of elementary school students who participated in a risk reduction program in the sixth grade. Three to six years had elapsed since the students participated in the risk reduction program, thus providing a longitudinal view of participants' risk. Subject risk for obesity and high cholesterol level was stable although significant changes were noted for heart rate recovery and blood pressure. The only gender difference in risk was for elevated cholesterol level among female students. Nursing implications are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

School-based sexual violence prevention: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: Sexual violence profoundly affects the health and development of children, adolescents, and young adults, representing a persistent challenge to public policy. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of school-based interventions aimed at prevention. METHODS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials published between 2012 and 2024 were retrieved from four major databases. The programs were implemented in primary, secondary, and higher education settings and targeted children, adolescents, and young adults. RESULTS: The results revealed improvements in knowledge and attitude, particularly regarding consent and awareness, whereas evidence supporting behavioral changes was less frequent and often limited. Methodological limitations, such as short follow-up periods and participant attrition, restricted the assessment of long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the importance of multicomponent, participatory, and culturally sensitive approaches, along with the integration of digital tools and continuous evaluation systems, to strengthen the role of schools as safe and transformative spaces in the prevention of sexual violence. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS: This systematic review suggests that school-based interventions hold significant potential for the prevention of sexual violence. It identifies promising strategies and reinforces the importance of culturally sensitive, sustained, evidence-based approaches to ensure learning environments that are safe, protective, and promotive of gender equity.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Reducing adolescent obesity through a school health program.

The feasibility and effectiveness of conducting a school-based multi-component behavioral weight reduction program was tested on 119 overweight junior high school students. Four schools in the metropolitan New York area were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control conditions. After participating in a school-wide health-profile screening, students in the experimental group were invited to participate in a ten-session weight reduction program that included behavior modification, nutrition education, and exercise management. Comparison of the experimental and control groups with respect to changes on weight and triceps skinfold measures indicated significant differences between the two groups. Although the long-term effectiveness of the weight reduction program cannot be determined, the present study clearly demonstrates the short-term effectiveness and feasibility of conducting such a program in a school setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Mini-groups for school children: preventive self-help groups that teach physicians.

School Health Program mini-groups were initiated with a two-fold purpose: (1) to create an environment in which a young person is able to explore a self-identified concern in a group setting, and (2) to provide one of several school-based learning experiences for pediatric residents. Drawing on past successes, the program will now channel its efforts toward developing evaluative research methodology and expanding the mini-group experience to include trainees from other disciplines concerned with the health, learning and behavior of children.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Susceptibility to peer pressure as an explanatory variable for the differential effectiveness of an alcohol misuse prevention program in elementary schools.

A school-based alcohol misuse prevention program had differential effects on students' susceptibility to peer pressure, depending on prior experience with alcohol. These effects paralleled those on alcohol use and misuse, indicating program effects on use and misuse were mediated by reductions in the rate of increase on susceptibility to peer pressure. Experimental group students with prior unsupervised use of alcohol showed a significantly greater reduction than their controls in the rate of increase in susceptibility to peer pressure, alcohol use, and alcohol misuse. This difference was not found among students without prior unsupervised use of alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Impact of the Nutrition for Life program on junior high students in New York State.

School-based nutrition education represents an important component in a national strategy for health promotion. This study evaluated the impact of a school-based nutrition teaching program, Nutrition For Life, on the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behavior of seventh and eighth grade students from New York State. Some 1,863 students in 103 randomly selected classes completed a paper and pencil test covering nutrition attitudes, behavior, and knowledge. Modest use of the teaching program (median use = 3 hours) was associated with modest but significant differences in nutrition attitude, behavior, and knowledge scores. Interactions among teacher assignment, nutrition teaching, and Nutrition For Life use explained significant variations in nutrition test scores. Additional exposure to the program was associated with significantly higher nutrition attitude and behavior scores in schools with a higher proportion of low-income students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Preventable mortality in Mexico: bridging gaps in chronic disease and ageing care.

Preventable mortality remains a critical public health challenge in Mexico, with 819 672 deaths recorded in 2024. Of these, 37.21% in the general population were attributed to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes mellitus. We analyse Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía mortality data to assess disparities in cardiovascular mortality across age groups, sex and geographical regions, and to identify key gaps in Mexico's preventive care strategies. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) reveal persistently elevated cardiovascular mortality in northern states, including Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango and Nuevo León, and in southeastern states, including Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche and Yucatán. The burden is highly concentrated among older adults and geographically clustered in specific high-risk regions. These patterns reflect structural gaps in prevention, early detection and access to adequate care rather than unavoidable demographic change. Obesity, diabetes and hypertension form a pathophysiological triad that synergistically exacerbates cardiovascular disease through shared mechanisms and comorbidities. Despite substantial global declines in IHD mortality over the past two decades, Mexico continues to experience elevated and regionally extreme cardiovascular mortality, highlighting a failure to translate established global evidence into national practice. Drawing on evidence-based interventions implemented in comparable health systems, we propose seven scalable strategies: (1) expanding access to health services in underserved regions, (2) integrating preventive health programmes within primary care, (3) developing structured physical activity initiatives, (4) establishing a geriatric care framework, (5) promoting community-based nutrition and wellness programmes, (6) advancing gender-sensitive cardiovascular prevention across adulthood and ageing and (7) implementing school-based health education programmes. These interventions could substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality, lower healthcare costs and improve long-term population health outcomes in Mexico.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early pregnancy and academic achievement of African-American youth.

Competing demands of school and home can thrust adolescent mothers into stressful situations. Meeting the requirements to achieve academically can be a challenge, especially for students previously identified as "slow learners." These students may conclude that academic achievement is an impossibility. How can special educators and service providers help? What environmental variables affect these young mothers' learning capabilities? This study used a case study research approach to study 10 African-American adolescent mothers who were already at risk of dropping out of school programs. Successful strategies to keep these students in school include school-based clinics, teacher training, sex education, and school-community support.

Achievement↗
PubMed2026

Asthma Exacerbation Risk and School Asthma Readiness.

OBJECTIVES: School-based asthma management is a key facet of child asthma care. We aimed to describe the proportion of students whose schools have child-specific components of asthma care, derive a composite metric of these components ("school asthma readiness"), and assess its association with asthma exacerbations (asthma risk) in the preceding year. METHODS: Within a nested cohort of children enrolled in a larger randomized clinical trial, we assessed the baseline proportion of children whose school had elements of necessary asthma care. We then derived a "school asthma readiness" composite and used ordinal logistic regression to model the association between number of asthma exacerbations in the preceding year and the composite, accounting for demographic, clinical, and school characteristics. RESULTS: Of 202 participants aged 5 to 13 years, most identified as Black (95%) and non-Hispanic (98%), and most participants (73%) had an emergency department visit for asthma in the year before enrollment. Most students' schools (79%) had awareness of the child's asthma diagnosis, whereas fewer had reliever medications and valved holding chambers (both 31%) and asthma care plans (7%). Asthma exacerbations in the prior year were associated with a significantly higher school asthma readiness in bivariate (odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% CI, 1.14-1.82]; P = .002) and multivariable analysis (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.02-1.7]; P = .037). CONCLUSIONS: A minority of children attended schools that were equipped to manage asthma symptoms. More past exacerbations were associated with higher school readiness, suggesting that more work is needed to support proactive asthma care in schools.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Evaluating the efficacy of short-term counseling on adolescents in a school setting.

This study evaluated the efficacy of short-term school-based counseling with forty-two high school adolescents (twenty-seven males, fifteen females) by measuring pre- and posttest scores on a self-report, self-esteem measure. While there was a significant decline in self-esteem ratings after counseling in the areas of social acceptance, job competence, and close friendship, counseled students showed a significant improvement in the consistency between their adequacy ratings and their judgments about what competencies they valued. Specific gender differences emerged, as females appeared to have benefited more from the counseling experience than did males.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1992

[A review of studies on school-based smoking prevention programs].

Research papers on school-based programs designed to prevent adolescent smoking were reviewed to determine trends in the development of smoking prevention programs as well as measures and methods of evaluation. In the USA and Europe, evaluation studies have demonstrated that the most promising smoking prevention approaches are those that focus primary attention on the psychosocial factors promoting smoking initiation. In Japan, however, most programs have shown little success. The following recommendations are made for improving the methods for evaluating program effectiveness and the future of research orientation of educational program on adolescent smoking. 1) Refinement and standardization of evaluation methods to be valid and feasible for use in studies of Japanese adolescents. 2) Improved study designs for evaluation of program effectiveness which include control groups and long term follow-up. 3) Applying smoking prevention programs which were demonstrated to be effective in the USA and Europe. 4) Development of effective cessation programs for adolescent smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Occupational therapy roles and functions in the education of the school-based handicapped student.

This article presents current roles and functions of the school-based occupational therapist that were identified through data analyses of surveys conducted during 1978. The major roles emerging from data are evaluation/screening, program planning, implementing intervention programs, supervision, and consultation. Functions of occupational therapy educational management for each of the roles are specified. The findings will be used in the development of competency-based educational programs to prepare the occupational therapist with the specialized competencies needed in the provision of services within school systems.

Persons with Disabilities↗