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PubMedDate not supplied

Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of tumor cells in cases of gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach and in the remnant stomach.

Thirteen samples of gastric tumors that had developed in the remnant stomach (remnant gastric cancer) were compared with 63 samples of primary gastric tumors located in the upper third of the stomach (primary gastric cancer) by both clinicopathologic and flow cytometric analysis. The depths of invasion of all these tumors corresponded to the mucosa, submucosa, or muscularis propria layers and the histological stages were stages I, II, or III. There was no significant difference between the two groups of samples either histopathologically or clinically (the 5-year survival rates were 74.6% for patients with remnant gastric cancer and 90.4% for patients with primary gastric cancer). DNA aneuploidy was encountered in 23.1% of the cases of remnant gastric cancer and in 33.3% of the cases of primary gastric cancer. Little difference was found in the S-phase fractions between tumors and normal gastric mucosa of the upper third of the stomach and the remnant stomach. Thus, while the environments in the upper third of the stomach and in the remnant stomach are very different, histopathological and biological characteristics of adenocarcinomas that developed in the remnant stomach are very similar to those of adenocarcinomas in the upper third of the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in magnesium and calcium levels in blood and stomach tissue of patients with stomach cancer].

This study was performed to evaluate changes in Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) levels in blood and cancerous stomach tissue of patients with stomach cancer, who were classified into four stages of malignancy and three groups of metastatic category. Mg and Ca were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer after blood and stomach tissue were digested with nitric and perchloric acid. Significantly high Mg levels in the early stages were found both in plasma and in whole blood. On the other hand, significantly low Ca levels were found in blood plasma in most stages and in all metastatic groups. By contrast, significantly high Ca levels were observed in whole blood in later malignant stages and in two metastatic groups. Significantly high Mg and low Ca levels were found in cancerous stomach tissue in patients with stomach cancer, as compared to their normal stomach tissue. The same tendencies were observed in each malignant stages and metastatic groups. These changes in Mg and Ca levels in blood and cancerous stomach tissue may reflect inherent peculiarities of stomach cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A novel transforming gene, hst, from human stomach cancers and a non-cancerous portion of stomach mucosa.

DNAs from 21 human stomach cancers, 16 metastatic stomach cancers to lymph nodes, and 21 non-cancerous mucosae of the stomach from a total number of 26 patients with stomach cancer were assayed for their transforming activity to NIH3T3 cells. Three samples of DNA were positive in transfection assay; one was from a primary stomach cancer of one patient (No. 361), the second was from a non-cancerous portion of stomach mucosa of the same patient (No. 363) and the third was from a lymph node metastasis of stomach cancer from another patient (No. 51). A portion of the transforming gene was cloned and a cDNA clone for this gene was isolated. The reading frame essential for the transforming activity was identified. From the results of sequence analysis of cDNA and Southern blot analysis, this transforming gene did not have homology with any oncogene reported previously. We applied the term, hst (human stomach cancer), to this novel transforming gene. This hst gene was not only responsible for acquisition of transforming activity of No. 361 DNA, but also for that of No. 363 and No. 51 DNAs; all the transformants induced by Nos. 361, 363, and 51 DNAs contained hst gene.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1974

A comparison of apomorphine and stomach tubes for emptying the stomach before general anaesthesia in obstetrics.

A comparison has been made between two methods of emptying the stomach before general anaesthesia in obstetric patients: aspiration by a stomach tube, and apomorphine-induced vomiting. It was found that most patients preferred apomorphine to the stomach tube. During the operation stomach contents were aspirated in both groups. The mean volumes aspirated were not significantly different. It would appear that neither method guarantees an empty stomach at induction and failure to induce vomiting with apomorphine does not signify that the stomach is empty. Patients, undergoing elective operations, starved for 6 hours and who were not subjected to either method of gastric emptying were found to have significant quantities of stomach contents during anaesthesia. There was no evidence that apomorphine had a deleterious effect on the Apgar scores of the infants at birth.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1993

Genotoxic activity of 1-chloromethylpyrene in stomach epithelium in vivo: insensitivity of the stomach scintillation UDS assay.

An acknowledged weakness of current testing programmes for genotoxic hazard has been the potential insensitivity of the established mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and rat liver unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays to direct-acting or short-lived mutagens, which may be consumed at the site of initial contact. In such cases, in vivo test systems sampling tissues such as the skin or the stomach would provide valuable data. To test these principles a stomach UDS assay was evaluated using the potent locally active mutagen 1-chloromethylpyrene (1-CMP). Contrary to expectations, no UDS response was observed 16 h following 1-CMP dosage by oral gavage. To confirm the integrity of the 1-CMP used for the stomach UDS assay, a sample of the stored chemical was re-evaluated in vitro and shown to be still strongly positive in the Ames assay and to have alkylating activity at least 15 min after incubation at stomach acid pH. No UDS response was observed when test dose levels were reduced or when earlier sampling times were used. Other genotoxic endpoints were examined in stomach. 32P-Postlabelling analysis revealed high levels of adduct formation in gastric DNA. An assay utilizing electrophoresis of DNA (the comet assay) showed the occurrence of DNA damage following dosing with 1-CMP in vivo. These positive results confirmed that 1-CMP should be regarded as a potential in vivo genotoxin. The failure to detect a UDS response to 1-CMP in stomach was investigated; a strong UDS response was observed in an in vitro hepatocyte UDS assay of 1-CMP indicating that the rat was capable of repairing 1-CMP-derived DNA adducts. Pretreatment of rats with hydroxyurea depressed the level of incorporation of thymidine into DNA both in negative and positive [methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)] controls. The results of these studies indicated that the protease digestion method employed did not selectively or efficiently sample those cells with any UDS response to 1-CMP or MNNG, and the activity seen for the latter was most likely due to the presence of S phase cells within the digests. As a result of the finding that UDS responses were not demonstrated for the potent direct-acting mutagens 1-CMP and MNNG, the protease digestion/scintillation method for stomach UDS does not appear to have general value in a screening programme for locally active genotoxic agents.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Animal experiments in electrophysiology of the canine stomach in reference to esophageal substitution with a tubal stomach in man].

In an effort to demonstrate and explain the peristalsis and intact pylorus-function of an oesophagus substituted by a transformed stomach-tube and despite total vagotomy, acute tests were undertaken on 14 dogs of mixed breed in the form of electromyographic examinations on the normal stomach, the stomach after vagotomy and with transformed stomach-tubes. Apart form slight frequency-decreases it was found that extracellular phasic bipolar contractions, traced an independent, individual current curve both after vagotomy and after transformation into a stomach-tube. The clinically observed intact function of the isoperistaltic stomach is to be explained with synergism after biomechanical changes and by the autonomy of the smooth stomach-musculature.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in-vitro model of scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach using stomach fibroblasts derived from gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The mechanisms of the particular stromal changes that occur upon cancer invasion by scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach, in particular, the relationships among cancer cells, stomach fibroblasts and collagen, a major constituent of the stroma of the invasive tumor, have yet to be clarified. METHODOLOGY: Three different human fibroblast cell lines (TIG-101, MF-2, MKF-1) and a cancer cell line derived from scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach (KATO III) were cultured three-dimensionally in collagen gels to investigate collagen gel contraction by these cells as a model of scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach. RESULTS: The gels contracted and gradually decreased in size in all of the fibroblast (TIG-101, MF-2 and MKF-1) cultures, but not in the KATO III culture, and the extent of gel contraction was not uniform among the fibroblast cell lines. The extent of gel contraction when fibroblasts derived from stomach (MF-2, MKF-1) were co-cultured with KATO III cells in collagen gel was almost similar to that of fibroblasts alone. Moreover, microscopic examination following Masson's trichrome staining revealed condensation and remodeling of collagen fibrils only around the fibroblast cells. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts may depend on their in vivo origin. This property appears to be characteristic of fibroblasts, but not of malignant epithelial cells, under this culture system. Furthermore, the results of the present study demonstrate that stomach fibroblasts may play an important role in the stromal changes associated with scirrhous gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical studies on the localization of pancreatic-type phospholipase A2 in rat stomach and pancreas, with special reference to the stomach cells.

Using a specific polyclonal antibody raised against rat pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), we investigated the localization of the enzyme in the rat pancreas and stomach by light and electron microscopy. In the pancreas, the enzyme was localized in the acinar cells, whereas the pancreatic islets showed no immunoreaction. In the stomach, the PLA2 reactive with the anti-pancreatic PLA2 antibody was distributed exclusively in the gastric glands, but not in the gastric pits or the pyloric glands. On the section of the stomach subjected to immuno- and PAS-staining, immunopositive cells were not the PAS-positive cells located in the gastric pit and the neck region of the gastric gland. Immunopositive cells were present from the neck to the bottom of the gastric gland. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that the immunogold-labeled cell had a highly-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the basal cytoplasm and characteristic zymogen granules in the apical cytoplasm. Taking into account the cell position in the gastric gland, the immunopositive cell could therefore be identified as a chief cell. Since no double stainability with PLA2 and PAS was observed in the same cell, it is suggested that PLA2 could be used cytochemically as a marker enzyme of the chief cell in the gastric gland at the light-microscopic level. From the immunoelectron microscopic findings, we believe that the PLA2 in the stomach is released into the lumen of the stomach by exocytosis and could function as a digestive enzyme in the alimentary tract, like the PLA2 secreted from the pancreas. Other possible roles of the PLA2 in the stomach are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Exposure of rat isolated stomach and rats in vivo to [(14)C]agmatine: accumulation in the stomach wall and distribution in various tissues.

The aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate the accumulation of radioactivity in the stomach wall after luminal exposure of the rat isolated stomach to[(14)C]agmatine and (ii) to determine the distribution of radioactivity in various tissues after oral administration of this radiolabelled polyamine to rats in vivo. In isolated rat stomach, [(14)C]agmatine was accumulated in part by an energy-dependent uptake process that could be inhibited by phentolamine. These findings correspond to properties of the recently identified specific agmatine transporter in human glioma cells, suggesting that in rat stomach [(14)C]agmatine is taken up by such a carrier. In in vivo experiments, rats received 0.5 microCi [(14)C]agmatine adsorbed to 5 g rat standard chow after a fasting period of 24 h. After oral ingestion of [(14)C]agmatine, radioactivity was recovered in all organs investigated as well as in blood and urine. Radioactivity also seemed to be secreted into the pancreaticobiliary fluid, as it was recovered in the luminal content of distal ileum and sigmoid colon. Accumulation of radioactivity in organs and distal gut luminal content was dose-dependently decreased by simultaneous administration of putrescine. In conclusion, the present data are compatible with the view that agmatine can be absorbed in rat at least from the stomach and probably also from the gut by means of an energy-dependent agmatine transport mechanism. Agmatine itself and/or its degradation products, which also have the potential to be pharmacologically active, are unevenly distributed between the organs. Putative secretion of radioactivity into the pancreaticobiliary fluid suggests the potential for an enterohepatic circulation of agmatine. In view of the high intraluminal concentration of agmatine in the stomach and distal gut and the operation of an agmatine transporter, it is rather likely that agmatine in the chyme of the gut represents an important source for agmatine detected in the tissues of the organism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Dietary protective and risk factors for esophageal and stomach cancers in a low-epidemic area for stomach cancer in Jiangsu Province, China: comparison with those in a high-epidemic area.

Comparative epidemiological studies with ecological and case-control approaches in high- and low-epidemic areas of China have provided us with much evidence with regard to risk and benefit in the environment. To clarify how dietary factors are involved in esophageal and stomach cancer development, we performed a case-control study in a low-epidemic area, and compared the findings with those obtained earlier for a high-epidemic area for stomach cancer in the same Jiangsu Province, China. We recruited 199 and 187 cases with esophageal and stomach cancers, respectively, and 333 population-based common controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for esophageal and stomach cancers were calculated with adjustment for potential confounding factors, using an unconditional logistic model. Current and former smoking elevated the OR for esophageal cancer, along with high intake of pickled vegetables and broiled meat, while decreased ORs were observed for frequently consumed raw vegetables and garlic. With regard to stomach cancer, ORs were increased with frequent consumption of salty fish, leftover gruel, and broiled meat, and lowered by snap bean consumption. The present risk factors were common to the previously obtained results in the high-epidemic area, and similarly distributed in each general population. While more protective factors were observed in the high-epidemic area, their penetrance was much greater in the low-epidemic area. The present study thus suggests that frequent vegetable and garlic consumption contributes to low mortality rates for esophageal and stomach cancers in a low-epidemic area, counteracting similar exposure levels for risk factors as in the high-epidemic area.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The fetal stomach circumference/abdominal circumference ratio: a possible parameter in assessing fetal stomach size.

Nonvisualized, dilated or even a small fetal stomach can be associated with a variety of anomalies and poor fetal outcome. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the stomach circumference (SC)/abdominal circumference (AC) ratio to assess normal limits of fetal stomach size. A total of 363 fetuses ranging from 15 to 39 weeks' gestation were prospectively evaluated with ultrasonography. The SC was measured from a plane that is perpendicular to the fetal longitudinal axis at the level where the largest axial circumference of the stomach was obtained using a digitizer. The AC was also measured at the same section and the ratio was calculated by dividing the SC by the AC and multiplying by 100. The SC increased linearly from 15 to 24 weeks and showed fluctuations in size thereafter to 39 weeks. A strong correlation was noted between gestational age and both SC (r: 0.842, P < 0.0001) and AC (r: 0.975, P < 0.0001). The SC/AC ratio was normally distributed with a mean of 20.4 +/- 3.9% and ranged between 14.8% and 27.03% throughout pregnancy (r: 0.021, P > 0.05). Although the fetal stomach is a dynamically changing organ, the SC/AC ratio can be considered as a potentially useful parameter in assessing fetal stomach size.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Lymph node staging in 872 patients with carcinoma of the stomach and the presumed benefit of lymphadenectomy. German Stomach Cancer TNM Study Group.

The incidence of surgically suspected and microscopically proved lymph nodes from adenocarcinoma of the stomach and the results of systematic lymphadenectomy have been studied and correlated to survival rate of 99.4 percent at a follow-up period of five years in 872 patients who underwent resection as a part of a prospective observational study in carcinoma of the proximal and distal parts of the stomach. Surgeons believe that, in the median, only one-fifth of the patients with and without systematic lymphadenectomy had positive nodes, whereas pathologists found almost three-fourths of positive lymph nodes (72.7 percent) in patients with proximal carcinoma of the stomach as compared with those without systematic lymphadenectomy (30.8 percent). The figures for middle and lower third carcinomas were even higher (63.5 versus 13.9 percent and 75.9 versus 27.1 percent). Positive nodes were most common in the perigastric area and their distribution was clearly related to the site of the tumor. Frequently, however, lymph node groups were involved, far from the primary, that is, along the hepatoduodenal ligament in 9 to 19 percent of patients with carcinoma of the proximal part of the stomach and in 7 to 16 percent of patients with carcinoma of the distal part of the stomach. There were some hints of a better survival rate for patients with systematic lymphadenectomy as compared with those without, only for low stage carcinoma of the stomach (TNM stage IA-IB, p = 0.1157, Breslow). We suggest a more extensive operation with gastric resection, always combined with systematic lymphadenectomy if no distant metastases are found.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Motor evacuatory disorders of the digestive tract in the early periods after stomach operations (1. Motor evacuatory disorders of the stomach)].

The method of telemetry was used for studying the motor function of the stomach in 60 patients with ulcer disease before operation and in 48 patients at early terms after truncal vagotomy or resection of the stomach. An analysis of 318 cases of similar operations on the stomach was also made. The states of normo-, hypo- and adynamia were documented. A pronounced inhibition of motility of the stomach and its stump were noted during 14 and more days after vagotomy and resection. Under conditions of hypo- and adynamia the evacuatory function was maintained by the positive gastrointestinal gradient of the basal pressure and the peristaltic "pump" effect of the small intestine. The early light motor evacuatory disorders are always of the functional character and disappear by the 5th day after operation. The evacuatory disorders of the moderate and grave degree were functional in 7 from 9 patients after vagotomy and in 9 from 17 patients after resection of the stomach.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1988

Partition of portal-drained visceral net flux in beef steers. 1. Blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across stomach and post-stomach tissues.

1. Blood from chronic indwelling catheters in the caudal aorta and anterior mesenteric, gastrosplenic and hepatic portal veins was used to measure blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across hepatic portal-drained viscera (PDV), post-stomach (anterior mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV] and stomach tissues of two beef steers (390 kg mean live weight). 2. Steers were fed in sequence on (1) chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (twelve meals/d), (2) chopped lucerne hay (two meals/d) and (3) a pelleted concentrate diet containing 780 g ground maize/kg (two meals/d). The lucerne hay and concentrate contained 26.5 and 16.8 g nitrogen/kg respectively. 3. Five measurements of net flux (blood flow multiplied by venous-arterial concentration differences (VA] were obtained hourly on 2 d for each dietary regimen, beginning 0.5 h before feeding at 08.00 hours. Blood flow was measured by downstream dilution of p-aminohippurate (PAH). 4. Blood flow across MDV averaged 42% of PDV blood flow (665 litres/h). 5. Net use of O2 across MDV accounted for 51% of net PDV use of O2 (920 mmol/h). This disproportionate use of O2 in relation to blood flow was due to greater VA for O2 across MDV than across stomach tissues. Dietary regimen had no effect on the proportions of PDV blood flow and net O2 consumption attributable to MDV or stomach tissues. 6. When lucerne was given, net glucose use across MDV represented 69% of PDV use (35 mmol/h). When concentrate was given, MDV glucose use switched to net absorption (29 mmol/h), reducing net PDV glucose use to 1 mmol/h. 7. When concentrate was given, net MDV absorption of alpha-amino-N (AAN) increased from 98 to 190 mmol/h, yet net PDV absorption (101 mmol/h) was not affected. Net stomach AAN flux increased from -7 to -69 mmol/h when concentrate was given, negating the increase in net MDV absorption. 8. Net absorption of ammonia-N across MDV represented 28 and 52% of net PDV absorption when lucerne and concentrate were given respectively. Net NH3-N absorption across PDV was lower when lucerne was given than when concentrate was given (295 v. 154 mmol/h), reflecting lower dietary N intake (153 v. 83 g/d). Net MDV absorption of NH3-N was not affected by diet. Net removal of blood urea-N (BUN) across PDV (101 mmol/h) was not affected by diet. Across MDV, BUN removal was lower when concentrate was given than when lucerne was given (32 v. 77 mmol/h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Partition of portal-drained visceral net flux in beef steers. 2. Net flux of volatile fatty acids, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and L-lactate across stomach and post-stomach tissues.

1. Net flux of volatile fatty acids (VFA), D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) and L-lactate across post-stomach (anterior mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV], stomach and total hepatic portal-drained viscera (PDV) tissues was measured in two beef steers (mean live weight 390 kg). 2. Net flux was measured while steers were fed, in sequence, on (1) chopped lucerne (Medicato sativa) (twelve meals/d), (2) chopped lucerne (two meals/d) and (3) a pelleted concentrate diet containing 780 g ground maize/kg (two meals/d). 3. Five hourly net flux measurements were obtained on 2 d for each dietary regimen, beginning 0.5 h before a meal delivered at 08.00 hours. Net flux was calculated as venous-arterial concentration differences (VA) multiplied by blood flow (measured by downstream dilution of p-aminohippurate (PAH]. 4. Stomach tissues accounted for 85 to over 100% of net VFA and BOHB appearance across PDV. Net appearance across stomach tissues represented 74% of net PDV L-lactate appearance. 5. When lucerne was given, there was net utilization of arterial acetate and BOHB across MDV. This MDV utilization may reflect acetate and BOHB use as an energy source or their incorporation into mesenteric fat. 6. When concentrate was given, more n-butyrate and n-valerate and less L-lactate appeared across PDV and less 3-methylbutyrate appeared across stomach tissues than when lucerne was given. Postprandial increases in VFA, BOHB and L-lactate net flux across PDV followed meal-feeding of lucerne. 7. On a net basis, the relative contribution of MDV tissues of total PDV net appearance of VFA and BOHB was small (less than 15%) in these steers.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed2002

Appearance of osteonectin-expressing fibroblastic cells in early rat stomach carcinogenesis and stomach tumors induced with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The present study was designed to define molecular alterations in the initiation stage of rat stomach carcinogenesis. Groups of male Lewis rats, 6 weeks old, were given drinking water with or without N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG; 100 mg/liter). Total RNA was isolated from the stomach pyloric mucosa, and fluorescent differential display analysis was performed. A cDNA fragment of 125 bp encoding an extracellular matrix-associated matricellular glycoprotein, osteonectin, was identified after 14 days of MNNG exposure. A severalfold increase in expression was observed after 14 and 27 days of MNNG exposure, as determined by northern blot and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed that osteonectin-mAb-stained fibroblastic cells appeared in interstitial tissue of pyloric mucosa. Additionally the gene expression of other extracellular matrix proteins, viz., collagen type III, fibronectin, osteopontin, proteoglycan NG2, laminin gamma1 and S-laminin, was also markedly increased, as determined by competitive RT-PCR after 14 days of MNNG exposure. The gene expression of osteonectin and the six other extracellular matrix proteins was elevated in twelve stomach adenocarcinomas and adenomas induced by MNNG in Lewis and WKY rats. Osteonectin-mAb-stained fibroblastic cells were evident in interstitial tissue of stomach tumor. These results suggest that osteonectin-expressing fibroblastic cells appear in the interstitial tissue of pyloric mucosa from the early initiation stage of rat stomach chemical carcinogenesis, and that this phenomenon probably plays a role in cancer development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (cPDE) and some patho-biologic behaviors of stomach cancer--I. Histochemical studies of CPDE in stomach cancer tissues].

Distributions and activities of both cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE and cGMP-PDE) in 43 human stomach cancer tissues were studied histochemically. The relationship between cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and some patho-biologic behaviors of stomach cancer was preliminarily discussed, and so was the application of these two enzymes in clinical practice of gastric cancers. The Results showed that the two cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases were closely correlated with some patho-biologic behaviors of stomach cancer. The authors considered that the histochemical investigation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in stomach cancer tissues can be useful in determining the malignant degree and estimating the prognosis of stomach cancer objectively.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1975

Behavior of microflora in the rat stomach: adhesion of lactobacilli to the keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach in vitro.

Certain indigenous bacteria isolated from rats and chickens were found to adhere to keratinized cells obtained from host stomachs and maintained in vitro. Only lactobacilli and staphylococci isolated from rats attached to the keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach, suggesting that they are dominant bacteria in the microflora of the stomachs of those animals. Indigenous lactobacilli heated at 60 C for 1 h or treated with the detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80, and Triton X-100 lose the ability to adhere to the keratinized cells of the rat stomach. Indigenous lactobacilli treated with formalin, however, retain the capacity to adhere to the cells. These observations suggest that surface structures of the bacteria are involved in adhesion of indigenous lactobacilli to the keratinized cells of rat stomach.

Acetylglucosamine↗