Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A simple and inexpensive method for the identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis.

Eight hundred and ninety-two strains of Staphylococcus species were identified by means of desferrioxamine susceptibility and fermentation results of three carbohydrates, with the API Staph system (bioMérieux, France) as reference method. No identification could be obtained for 34 strains with API Staph. Of the remaining 858 strains, identical identification was obtained with 842 (98.1%). All 707 strains identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus hominis by the API Staph system were found to be desferrioxamine susceptible, and all but 5 (3.3%) of 151 strains identified as other staphylococcal species were found to be resistant, yielding an identification correlation of 99.4% for desferrioxamine. The five additional strains which were susceptible to desferrioxamine were identified as Staphylococcus capitis (2 strains), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (2 strains), and Staphylococcus warneri (1 strain) by API Staph, and as Staphylococcus epidermidis (1 strain), Staphylococcus hominis (3 strains), and one other staphylococcal species by the experimental system.

Deferoxamine↗
PubMed1996

Genomic variability of Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species estimated by macrorestriction analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

The genomic DNAs of 95 culture collection and hospital Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strains of various origins, as well as the genomic DNAs of other coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species, were cleaved with restriction endonuclease SmaI and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The levels of similarity of the SmaI restriction patterns of the S. aureus subsp. aureus strains varied from 30 to 100%, which is considered characteristic of this species; thus, these organisms belonged to the same species restriction group. Within this range of similarity values 13 S. aureus intraspecies restriction groups were identified, and each group consisted of strains whose levels of similarity ranged from 65 to 100%. S. aureus subsp. aureus CCM 885T (T = type strain) belonged to the major intraspecies restriction group that comprised 39% of the S. aureus strains which we studied. The strains of the other coagulase-positive staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus delphini, and Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans, clustered with their type strains in separate restriction groups. S. aureus subsp. aureus exhibited almost no similarity to these species. We found 44-kb SmaI fragments in all of the S. aureus subsp. aureus and S. aureus subsp. anaerobius strains studied, and these fragments are considered characteristic of the species S. aureus. The high level of homology of these fragments was confirmed by the results of DNA hybridization experiments in which we used representatives of individual intraspecies restriction groups. Of the other staphylococci studied, only Staphylococcus epidermidis and one strain of S. hyicus contained these fragments. However, the levels of homology between these fragments and the fragments of S. aureus were found to be very low.

Coagulase↗
PubMed1989

In vitro and in vivo comparative colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on orthopaedic implant materials.

Clinically, Staphylococcus aureus appears to be the dominant organism associated with infected metal implants, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains are more frequently isolated from infected polymer implants. We reproduced this trend experimentally in vitro and in vivo. Discs of a titanium alloy, poly(methyl methacrylate) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene were exposed to a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus or either of two strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Within 1 h Staphylococcus aureus was always the most rapid colonizer regardless of biomaterial. However, after 8 to 24 h, Staphylococcus aureus was present in higher numbers on metal and Staphylococcus epidermidis on polymers. Moreover, the exopolysaccharide produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis appeared to offer an effective protection against host defences in vivo.

Alloys↗
PubMed1998

Staphylococcus condimenti sp. nov., from soy sauce mash, and Staphylococcus carnosus (Schleifer and Fischer 1982) subsp. utilis subsp. nov.

Based on the sequence data of 23S rRNA of Staphylococcus carnosus, Staphylococcus piscifermentans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, species-specific probes were constructed. Their application revealed a heterogeneity within 18 strains previously identified as S. carnosus. Strains of this group were selected, and their 23S rRNA sequence was determined. It was revealed that the strains of S. carnosus can be placed in at least three sub-groups. This grouping was supported by physiological data and DNA-DNA similarity studies. Based on these results, were propose the new species Staphylococcus condimenti sp. nov. The type strain is S. condimenti F-2T (=DSM 11674T). The phylogenetic position of the new species within the radiation of other staphylococcal strains is reflected by a 16S nRNA-based tree. Furthermore, it is proposed to designate the new subspecies of Staphylococcus carnosus Schleifer and Fischer 1982, Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. utilis subsp. nov. The type strain of S. carnosus subsp. utilis is SK 11T (= DSM 11676T).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Design and application of a Staphylococcus-specific single strand conformation polymorphism-PCR analysis to monitor Staphylococcus populations diversity and dynamics during production of raw milk cheese.

AIM: Development of a nested-PCR single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay targeting the 16S rRNA genes of the Staphylococcus genus, to monitor staphylococci in cheese. METHODS AND RESULTS: New primer sets to specifically amplify 16S rDNA of staphylococci were designed to be used in a nested-PCR SSCP assay. The method was efficient in discriminating the staphylococcal species most frequently found in cheese. It was validated by monitoring Staphylococcus populations in three productions of raw milk cheese. Analysis of milk samples revealed dominant SSCP peaks corresponding to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus equorum and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. After 12 h, the S. aureus peak became dominant. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of specific Staphylococcus nested-PCR and SSCP allows rapid and direct monitoring of staphylococci diversity and dynamics in milk and cheese. In the core of the cheeses studied, S. aureus may have ecological advantages against other Staphylococcus populations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This approach is a promising tool to study the ecology of staphylococci in cheeses and in other food samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and three other coagulase-negative staphylococci in a mouse model and possible virulence factors.

Staphylococcus lugdunesis and Staphylococcus schleiferi, two newly described species, have been isolated from numerous types of human infections. We compared the pathogenicity of 30 strains of S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus hominis, using a mouse model in which a foreign body preadhered with the test strain was implanted subcutaneously, followed by injection of the test strain. All five species of staphylococci produced abscesses. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. schleiferi, and S. lugdunensis yielded species means of 76-91% abscess formation; 80-100% of the infected foreign bodies and tissues were culture positive. These three species were more virulent than S. warneri or S. hominis, which produced abscesses in 54 and 65% of mice, respectively; only 10-48% of the infected samples were culture positive. Transmission electron microscopy of pure cultures of selected strains showed that all species possessed glycocalyx. All species produced a variety of possible virulence factors, such as alpha and delta hemolysins, as well as the aggressins lipase and esterase. The production of exoenzymes did not always correlate with virulence as demonstrated by abscess formation in mice.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of the relationship between bacterial adherence and extracellular production of mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis.

Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the extracellular extracts of 108 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains for the presence of mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose, in order to determine whether production of these four monosaccharides, regarded as potential staphylococcal slime components, was associated with the adherence capacity of the individuals strains. A total of 90 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 18 Staphylococcus hominis strains were studied. Using the quantitative spectrophotometric assay, 21 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were classified as strongly adherent, 12 as moderately adherent, 11 as weakly adherent, and 46 as nonadherent. All 18 Staphylococcus hominis strains were nonadherent. Mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose were detected as the main monosaccharide components in the extracellular extracts of all strains examined. Moreover, the mean relative concentrations of these monosaccharides were essentially the same for the different adherence phenotypes within the species Staphylococcus epidermidis. These results showed that there was no causal connection between the adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci and the extracellular production of any of the four monosaccharides analyzed.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1991

In vitro selection of resistance to vancomycin in bloodstream isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus could be selected regardless of the initial MIC of vancomycin. Twenty-one bloodstream isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus were studied by broth and agar selection methods. The broth method selected strains for which MICs of vancomycin ranged from 4 to 32 micrograms/ml and MBCs from 16 to greater than 128 micrograms/ml. The agar method selected strains for which MICs ranged from 8 to 32 micrograms/ml and MBCs from 8 to greater than 128 micrograms/ml. For comparison, seven strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis were evaluated by the agar selection method. Final MICs of vancomycin ranged from 8 to 16 micrograms/ml; MBCs ranged from 16 to 64 micrograms/ml. Clearly, in vitro exposure to vancomycin can select strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis for which MIC values are beyond the susceptible breakpoint.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1984

Use of trehalose-mannitol-phosphatase agar to differentiate Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus from other coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Using a plate medium containing trehalose, mannitol, and phenolphthalein diphosphate (TMPA), we differentiated significant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis by their lack of acid production in 18 h from other coagulase-negative staphylococci, with our results having a sensitivity (R. S. Galen and S. R. Gambino, Beyond Normality: The Predictive Value and Efficiency of Medical Diagnoses) of 100%, a specificity of 89.9%, and a positive predictive value of 94.8%. With a Taxo A bacitracin disk, which differentiates Staphylococcus species from Micrococcus species, no zone of inhibition was seen for 96% of all staphylococcal strains, with 5 of 26 strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus exhibiting zone diameters up to 10 mm. By using resistance to a 5-microgram novobiocin disk, we differentiated S. saprophyticus, with our results having a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97.1%, and a positive predictive value of 83.9% on TMPA. These two species represented 77.8% of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated. Reference strains fo Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species were differentiated by TMPA. The cost of TMPA was compared with that of another method. TMPA was found to offer an inexpensive, sensitive method for rapidly differentiating coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates.

Agar↗
PubMed1978

Detection and preliminary characterization of extrachromosomal DNA in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis frequently harboured extrachromosomal DNA. From the 20 Staphylococcus aureus strains examined 85% contained extrachromosomal DNA and 65% carried more than one plasmid DNA species. The results obtained with the 19 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains analyzed were similar, 84% of the strains had extrachromosomal DNA and 68% contained several DNA species. The agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA obtained from cleared lysates of the staphylococci proved to be efficient for the detection of plasmids and the determination of their molecular weights. The gel method appeared therefore to be suitable for the establishment of the role of plasmids in the phage typability of staphylococci. Using a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain as an example it was shown by electron microscopy that the extrachromosomal DNA demonstrated by the agarose gel electrophoresis represented covalently closed circular plasmid DNA. This plasmid DNA could be sufficiently labeled with 3H-thymidine to undertake studies on the relationship and molecular characterization of staphylococcal plasmids.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Biotypes of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus organisms, isolated from intramammary infections, reclassified into species of the genus Staphylococcus (epidermidis, hyicus, xylosus, and sciuri).

In a previous report (5), strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus isolated from bovine intramammary infections were classified by the Baird-Parker (B-P) system and by serologic typing of the proteolytic enzymes. Since then, newer methods for distinguishing the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus and for defining new species have been reported. By utilizing these methods, the organisms from the original study were reclassified as follows: S. epidermidis B-P subgroup II, proteinase group F strains as S. epidermidis; S. epidermidis B-P subgroup III, proteinase group B strains as Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. chromogenes (pigmented) or subsp. hyicus (nonpigmented) and proteinase groups H and BH strains that were coagulase positive and nonpigmented as subsp. hyicus; B-P Micrococcus subgroup 6, proteinase group NR strains as Staphylococcus xylosus and subgroup 6, proteinase group G strains as Staphylococcus sciuri and S. xylosus. The reclassification of the strains increased the percentage of intramammary infections attributed to staphylococci from 62%, as first reported, to at least 86%.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens in industrialized poultry units. 2. Microbiological studies: Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens].

Checks were applied to 3,213 dead or ill broiler chickens and broiler parents for the purpose of elucidating enzootic or epizootic Staphylococcus aureus infections which had occurred on three industrialised poultry units. Rates of Staphylococcus aureus detection and identification declined by the following order: staphylococcal septicaemia (100 per cent), dermatitis (75.42 per cent), arthritis and tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis (64.59 per cent), wound infections (24.02 per cent), infection of bursa suprasternalis (18.94 per cent), underdevelopment (8.70 per cent), navel-yolksac-peritonitis (7.83 per cent), and conjunctivitis (7.14 per cent). Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most important pathogen of arthritis with synovitis and of osteomyelitis with epiphysiolysis, the rate of detection being directly correlated with the severity of the pathologico-anatomic alterations established. Attempts to culture mycoplasmas from irritated synovial sheaths were successful only in three of 56 examined animals (5.3 per cent). The site variety of gallinae or strains of the crystal-violet Type A with lysis patterns of 84, 53, 77 and 84 accounted for 78.1 per cent of all Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from infected fowl. Their percentual importance was 85.0 for septicaemia, dermatitis, and arthritis with synovitis and osteomyelitis. For prophylaxis and control of Staphylococcus aureus infections of fowl on elimination of predisposing factors and on the control of epidemic occurrence of the above types.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

In vitro activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis colonizing catheters.

In a quantitative in vitro model the activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin in two concentrations (4 x MBC and 1 mg/l) against Staphylococcus aureus and a slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strain colonizing the internal surface of polyurethane and silicone catheters was studied. In comparison with vancomycin, teicoplanin achieved a significantly greater reduction (p < 0.05) in the counts of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis adhering to both polyurethane and silicone catheters.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed2006

Discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus strains from different species of Staphylococcus using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that can cause food-borne illness and is sometimes associated with raw milk and raw milk cheese products. The traditional taxonomic procedures for classification of staphylococcal species are time consuming and often several tests are required. FTIR spectroscopy offers a rapid method for the discrimination and identification of S. aureus strains isolated from raw milk and raw milk cheeses. FTIR spectroscopy was used to discriminate S. aureus from other species of Staphylococcus. This was achieved by using a model composed of 39 species and subspecies of Staphylococcus. The model was validated using a set of spectra of strains isolated from raw milk and different varieties of French raw milk cheese. S. aureus was successfully discriminated from the other species of Staphylococcus and all the strains of S. aureus isolated from raw milk and different varieties of French raw milk cheese were also successfully identified as such. These results demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy is a rapid (results obtained within 24 h starting from a pure strain or a single colony) and robust method for the identification of S. aureus isolates of dairy origin and food-borne origin in general.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Different staphylococcal species contain various numbers of penicillin-binding proteins ranging from four (Staphylococcus aureus) to only one (Staphylococcus hyicus).

The penicillin-binding proteins of a total of 25 staphylococcal strains belonging to five different species were analyzed. All strains of the same species showed an identical penicillin-binding protein pattern which clearly differed from that of strains of the other species. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus simulans, and the dolphin strains were found to contain two to four penicillin-binding proteins. Strains of Staphylococcus hyicus exhibited only one penicillin-binding protein.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to 10 Kampo formulations.

We examined the in vitro sensitivities of three bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, commonly detected in acne lesions, and Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of skin infections, to 10 Kampo formulations (Chinese herbal medicines; combinations of powdered extracts of crude drugs). Both Staphylococcus species showed similar sensitivities to all 10 formulations, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 25 to 400 mg/ml. P. acnes, however, was particularly sensitive to one formulation, keigai-rengyo-to (MIC, 0.78-25 mg/ml), prompting speculation that it might contain components with strong antibacterial activity to P. acnes. P. acnes showed similar sensitivities to all the other formulations (MIC 6.25-200 mg/ml). The ranges of MICs and the MIC50S (concentrations that inhibit 50% of isolates) were very similar to those previously recorded in 1990 for the two Staphylococcus species.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1992

Influence of the pH-value on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes in continuous culture.

A cutaneous isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes was grown in continuous culture at varying pH-values ranging from 5.0 to 8.5. In terms of the specific growth rate as well as the bacterial density during the plateau phase there were remarkable differences. In particular, Propionibacterium acnes grew much better in the pH 6.0 to 7.0 range than in a more acidic or alkaline milieu. Staphylococcus epidermidis resembled Staphylococcus aureus showing no major difference at pH 5.5 and 7.0. These findings substantiate the hypothesis that minor changes of the pH in the pH 5.5 to pH 6.0 range as to be induced by chemically neutral or alkaline skin cleansers on the human skin surface can increase the number of propionibacteria but not staphylococci remarkably due to the relative alkalinity by itself.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1996

A high molecular weight protein from Staphylococcus intermedius cross-reacts with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin antibodies.

Enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus species other than Staphylococcus aureus has been reported. Staphylococcus strains (104 in toto) representing twelve species and subspecies were examined for enterotoxins using a commercial staphylococcal enterotoxin ELISA immunoassay (TECRA, International Bioproducts). Staphylococcus intermedius (24 strains) and S. aureus (7 strains) were positive with this test. Western blots of S. aureus exoproteins demonstrated proteins of approximately 30 kD, consistent with known staphylococcal enterotoxins. The major antigen in all S. intermedius strains, a 75 kD protein, was not analogous to previously described staphylococcal enterotoxins. This protein was unique to S. intermedius. Gel filtration data indicate that the protein is a subunit of a larger protein in vivo. The 75 kD protein cross-reacts with several enterotoxin antibodies. It is unclear whether the protein is a toxin, but its homology with S. aureus enterotoxins may indicate a shared toxic region, or this protein may create false positive results in screening for enterotoxin.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗