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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Anti-bacterial activity of the fluid contents of spermatoceles and epididymal cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To show that the fluids obtained from spermatoceles and epididymal cysts are not infected, even though they may be present for long periods, and that these fluids have bactericidal activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients, 13 with a spermatocele and three with an epididymal cyst, were included in the study. Protein, glucose, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and magnesium contents were measured and cultures of the fluids were carried out. Bactericidal activity against the Escherichia coli NTCC 10418 clone was tested in different dilutions. RESULTS: Biochemical analysis showed that the protein, glucose and ionic content of the fluids was lower than that of serum, except for chloride. Microbiological cultures were negative for all samples. A significant bactericidal effect was obtained with 1/1 dilution and no reproduction was seen with this dilution. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the fluids within spermatoceles and epididymal cysts do not become infected under normal circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Bilateral spermatocele developed after vasectomy: a case report].

A rare case of bilateral spermatocele developed 17 years after vasectomy was presented. A forty-seven year old man visited to our hospital with a chief complaint of swelling of bilateral intrascrotal contents. Sonographic findings demonstrated multilocular lesions of the bilateral intrascrotal contents. Operative procedure revealed bilateral cysts originating from the caput of the epididymis. Bilateral epididymectomy were performed. It was diagnosed as spermatocele because of demonstration of spermatozoa in the cystic fluid. We concluded that bilateral spermatocele has been induced by prolonged increased pressure of the intraepididymal duct following vasectomy 17 years ago.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Spermatocele associated with cholesterol crystals].

A 53-year old man first recognized swelling of the left scrotum five years ago. Ultrasound examination revealed spermatocele, consisted of two layers, fluid area and hyperechoic sediment. Cloudy fluid containing a large amount of cholesterol crystals was aspirated from the spermatocele. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first spermatocele with cholesterol crystals in the Japanese literature.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1998

[Calcified spermatocele simulating a neoplasm].

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a spermatocele mimicking a paratesticular neoplasm. METHODS: A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of paratesticular swelling; a firm mass was detected on physical examination. The ultrasound study showed a paratesticular mass with hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas and calcifications, mimicking a neoplasm. Orchidectomy was performed. RESULTS: The anatomopathological study showed a paratesticular spermatocele with calcification. CONCLUSION: The spermatocele can mimick a paratesticular neoplasm.

Calcinosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with an artificial spermatocele.

Artificial spermatoceles were implanted into three patients with congenital absence of the vas. In each case, the testicular biopsy demonstrated normal spermatogenesis, and the dilated epididymal tubule was packed with spermatozoa. The ciliated epididymal mucosa appeared normal despite the tubular dilatation. The spermatoceles were constructed of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and they were microsurgically implanted over the cut end of the epididymis. The grafts were aspirated monthly for up to six months, and the aspirates containing spermatozoa were used for artificial insemination. Spermatozoa were consistently retrieved from each patient, but no pregnancies have resulted. The most obvious finding was that the spermatozoa lacked motility. In the discussion, other problems related to artificial spermatoceles are reviewed, including epididymal development and sperm maturation, aspiration techniques, and sperm storage.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Experimental studies on the functional capacity of the alloplastic spermatocele (Kelâmi-Affeld prosthesis).

An alloplastic spermatocele is implanted to obtain spermatozoa from the epididymis. It is known that, in an alloplastic spermatocele, spermatozoa deteriorate qualitatively and quantitatively as the time interval after implantation increases. 39 Kelâmi-Affeld alloplastic spermatoceles were implanted at the epididymal heads in minipigs. Castration and pathological-anatomical examination of the specimens were performed weeks to months after the operation. It became evident that fibrosis and granulation tissue in the area of the incised epididymal head with occlusion of the opened epididymal tubuli were the causes of aspermia developing in all cases. Apart from normal wound healing, there is additional formation of fibrosis and granulation tissue due to postoperative microbleeding and inflammatory reactions. It may be possible to reduce these complications by microsurgical techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Properties of human epididymal sperm obtained from an alloplastic spermatocele: motility assessment and penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes in the presence and absence of caffeine.

Sperm were collected over a period of months from a human alloplastic spermatocele implanted at the corpus/caudal epididymal junction and were evaluated for their maturity, motility, and ability to capacitate and acrosome react, as assessed by the hamster zona-free oocyte sperm penetration assay (SPA). A mean of 11 X 10(6) sperm were obtained with each aspiration, with 34% to 40% being mature, normal forms. Motility was poor; 15% +/- 5% showing nonprogressive movement. SPA results were 22% +/- 3% oocyte penetration. Addition of 7.5 mM caffeine markedly enhanced motility and improved the SPA results. After 30 minutes' exposure, the motility was 45% +/- 5%, with all spermatozoa exhibiting progressive movement. This stimulation was maintained over a 24-hour period. When caffeine was present during the 2-hour preincubation for the SPA, penetration rates increased to 50% +/- 10% (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that the poor-quality sperm retrieved from a human alloplastic spermatocele can be improved with exogenous stimulation and suggest that their fertilizing capacity may be enhanced by this treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Torsion of spermatocele and aplasia of the vas deferens. A case report.

Torsion of a spermatocele combined with aplasia of the vas deferens is described. The purpose of this case report is that this rare condition should not be omitted from the differential diagnosis of the acute scrotum in childhood. The authors also support that the term "spermatocele" could be used in the non semen producing age of childhood, based upon the non age-dependent pathologic criteria.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Natural spermatoceles in irreversible obstructive azoospermia--reservoirs of viable spermatozoa for assisted conception.

Fine needle aspiration of asymptomatic spermatoceles detected in five men with obstructive azoospermia was evaluated as a minimally invasive method of sperm retrieval for assisted conception. Sperm preparations adequate for in-vitro fertilization were initially obtained from three men, but there was failure of fertilization in all three cycles. However, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in three couples resulted in fertilization of 58% of metaphase II oocytes, with embryo transfers in five of six cycles. A successful pregnancy and delivery resulted from spermatozoa from a man with an irreversible vasectomy, for whom previous epididymal microaspiration and ICSI had been unsuccessful. Spermatoceles were found in 4% of men with irreversible obstructive azoospermia referred for assisted conception. These patients should therefore be examined very carefully for small cysts near the epididymis, because fine needle aspiration, usually without anaesthesia, can instantly locate a ready source of viable spermatozoa for ICSI. This is less invasive than the alternative sperm retrieval procedures, which are more traumatic and require local or general anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How to increase the motility of spermatozoa from the epididymis of bulls and alloplastic spermatoceles in minipigs.

The motility of spermatozoa from the head and tail of the epididymis in bulls was studied. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the motility of spermatozoa from the cauda was distinctly better than that from the caput. It was possible to achieve a highly significant increase in the motility of epididymal spermatozoa from the caput as well as the cauda area using caffeine or a caffeine-kallikrein mixture. Above all, motility stimulants improved the local motility of the epididymal spermatozoa as compared to twitching and progressive motility. The motility of caudal spermatozoa was increased by 100%, corresponding to local movement of 59% of the total number of sperm cells. It was possible to demonstrate an increase in the almost totally absent motility of the caput spermatozoa to 27% local motility. Application of kallikrein without addition of kininogens led to no significant change in spermatozoa motility. By the addition of caffeine, it was possible to increase the motility of minipig epididymal spermatozoa taken by puncture from alloplastic spermatoceles significantly. In 23 aspirates, a prompt increase in the percentage of locally motile "spermatocele spermatozoa" from 12% to 23.5% was observed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsurgery in andrologic urology. II. Alloplastic spermatocele.

Experimental studies in rats and bulls demonstrated the feasibility of using a silicone-Dacron prosthesis as a sperm reservoir in cases of excretory azoospermia. In the study of bulls, 50% of the cows inseminated with spermatozoa aspirated from the alloplastic spermatocele conceived and delivered healthy calves. The clinical results of a series of 14 humans suffering from excretory azoospermia not treatable by other means (e.g., epididymovasostomy or vasovasostomy) also are presented. THe aspirations from these spermatoceles produced motile spermatozoa; however, none of the patients'p spouses conceived after insemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Alloplastic spermatoceles: a 5-year experience.

We implanted 14 alloplastic spermatoceles in 8 patients with congenital absence or atresia of the vas deferens or anejaculation. The surgical technique and results of aspirations are detailed. Five spermatoceles yielded sperm: 2 for prolonged periods (4 1/2 to 11 months) and 1 produced motile sperm considered adequate for artificial insemination.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Artificial spermatocele.

Herein is presented a new technique to construct an artificial spermatocele, using monofilament knitted polypropylene wrapped with tunica vaginalis and anastomosed end-to-end to the head or the body of the epididymis. The material was tested in 10 dogs. It did not harm the spermatozoa, the function of the reservoir or the tolerance of the surrounding tissues. Therefore, the material was used in a patient with bilateral congenital absence of the vasa deferentia, while wife became pregnant following cervical insemination. The spermatocele is still functional after 15 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[A therapeutic experience with alloplastic spermatocele used in obstructive azoospermia].

To perform AIH, an artificial spermatocele was inserted into the epididymis for obstructive azoospermia (probably caused by congenital defect of the spermiduct on one side and by accidental vasosection in hernioplasty on the other). The graft used was a cup-shaped alloplastic spermatocele made of silicon-dacron, developed by Wagenknecht et al. The epididymal duct was incised microscopically. The graft was sutured to the epididymal involucrum, punctured through the scrotal skin by an injection needle and aspirated spermatozoa accumulated in the internal cavity, and subjected to AIH. Postoperatively, acceleration of spermatogenesis was attempted by injecting i.m. HCG 2,000 U-HMG 150 U twice a week, but spermatozoa both qualitatively and quantatively sufficient to perform AIH could not be obtained. Spermatozoa were no longer found after two and a half postoperative months. Despite the present failure, we would like to develop a method of grafting of this kind as more precise therapeutic means through further technical improvements in grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

"Spermatocele" following abdominoperineal resection and radiotherapy.

A 60-year-old man developed repeated spermatic fluid collection in the small pelvis following abdominoperineal resection and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the rectum. The "spermatocele" was due to a fistula originating in the vasoseminal vesicle junction. This complication has not been described previously.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

In vitro fertilization with spermatozoa from alloplastic spermatocele.

This case report describes successful IVF of oocytes of a 22-year-old female with epididymal spermatozoa aspirated from alloplastic spermatocele of the husband presenting with bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens. Motile spermatozoa were aspirated from the reservoir 3 months after implantation. Abortion occurred 22 days after embryo replacement.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1998

Synergistic action of steroids and spermatocele fluid on in vitro proliferation of prostate stroma.

PURPOSE: Our goal is to understand human prostate growth phenomena potentially important to BPH development and growth. The objective of the present study is to characterize in vitro prostate stromal proliferative factors in testis epididymal secretions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human spermatocele fluids were used as a source of testicular epididymal plasma (STEP). Primary cultures of human prostate stromal cells were routinely grown in RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum. During a 6-day experimental period, cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 in the absence of serum but supplemented with ITS. Whole STEP, ether stripped STEP, or heparin affinity column treated STEP was included in the culture medium with and without the addition of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or estradiol (E). Results of these treatments were assessed by cell counts. Antibodies against smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle alpha actin, and prolyl-4-hydroxylase were utilized in immunocytochemical characterization of cultured cells. RESULTS: Whole STEP stimulated prostatic stromal cells derived from prostates of 15, 45, 70 and 72-year-old men. Treatment of STEP by ether stripping or heparin affinity column exposure did not result in a significant reduction in cell counts. With the exception of the 15-year-old specimen, addition of T or DHT to ether stripped STEP resulted in a significant increase in cell counts over that of ether stripped STEP treatment alone. Preliminary immunocytochemical evaluation indicated the presence of variable mixture of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells in these cultures. CONCLUSIONS: These in vitro observations indicate that testis epididymal secretions contain androgen/STEP synergistic and androgen independent STEP factors promoting prostate stromal growth. These factors are not heparin binding. These observations are consistent with the concept that, in addition to the production of steroids, the testis produces non-androgenic factors that act in concert with, as well as independently of, androgen to stimulate prostatic growth.

Adolescent↗