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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

SEN virus infection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Although most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are associated with either the hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV, HCV), about 10-20% of HCCs occur in patients with chronic hepatitis that is aetiologically undefined. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the transfusion-transmitted SEN virus (SEN-V) in patients with HCC, including those patients who do not otherwise appear to be infected with HBV or HCV. Fragments of SEN-V subtypes D and H were amplified separately by PCR from the sera of 50 patients with HCC (31 from Canada and 19 from Japan) as well as from HCC and adjacent nontumourous liver tissues from eight of the Canadian patients. SEN-V DNA was found in the serum of 10 of 31 (32%) Canadian patients and eight of 19 (42%) Japanese patients [overall, 18 of 50 (36%) HCC patients]. SEN-V DNA was detected in the serum of 10 of 23 (43%) HCC patients with antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), six of 11 (55%) with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and two of 16 (12%) without detectable anti-HCV or HBsAg. Twenty-three HCC patients in this study had 'silent HBV,' characterized by the detection of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg; eight of these (35%) also had SEN-V infections. SEN-V DNA was detected in HCC patients most typically in those with coexistent HBV or HCV infection. SEN-V was found in only one of seven HCC patients without HBV (without HBsAg or HBV DNA) or HCV and thus does not appear to be an important cause of 'cryptogenic' HCC.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

Long term outcome up to 30 years after the Mustard or Senning operation: a nationwide multicentre study in Belgium.

OBJECTIVE: To assess long term outcome of patients who underwent Mustard or Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries up to 30 years earlier. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING: The six university hospitals in Belgium with paediatric cardiology departments. PATIENTS: 339 patients were reviewed, of whom 124 underwent the Mustard procedure and 215 the Senning procedure. This represents almost the entire population of patients in Belgium with either simple or complex transposition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, morbidity, functional abilities, social integration. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 24.2%. Early mortality (< or = 30 days after surgery) accounted for 16.5%, late mortality for 7.7%. Actuarial survival of early survivors at 10, 20, and 30 years after surgery was 91.7%, 88.6%, and 79.3%, respectively. Patients in the Senning cohort had a slightly better survival rate than those in the Mustard cohort (NS). Baffle obstruction occurred more often after Mustard repair (15.3%) than after the Senning procedure (1.4%). Arrhythmia-free survival did not differ between the two cohorts, but was determined by the complexity of the transposition. Survivors of the Senning cohort had better functional status, and tended to engage in more sports activities. CONCLUSIONS: The long term outcome for patients surviving the Mustard or Senning operation was favourable in terms of late mortality, morbidity, functional, and social status. Overall mortality in the Senning cohort did not differ from the Mustard group, but Senning patients had better functional status, greater participation in sports activities, and fewer baffle related problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Influence of SEN virus infection on their response to lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of SEN virus infection on their response to lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: SEN virus-D and -H DNA were detected in 45 CHB patients who received lamivudine 12 months with nested-PCR, and YMDD motif mutations in HBV DNA were investigated with gene chip. RESULTS: The positive rate of SEN virus DNA was 11.1% (5/45), and there were four out of the five SEN virus DNA positive patients whose HBV DNA was positive, among them, two patients existed YMDD motif mutation. While ten out of the forty SEN virus DNA negative patients appeared HBV DNA positive. The response rate was significant lower in SEN virus-infected patients than that in uninfected patients (chi 2=3.97, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Coinfection with SEN virus in chronic hepatitis B patients may adversely affect the outcome of treatment with lamivudine

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1987

Dysrhythmias following the Mustard and Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries.

The prevalence and nature of late dysrhythmias following operative repair of transposition of the great arteries were evaluated in 32 children using pre- and postoperative standard electrocardiograms and postoperative Holter monitoring. The Mustard procedure was performed in 17 patients, the Senning procedure in 15 patients. The mean age at operation was 40 +/- 35 months in the Mustard and 9 +/- 6 months in the Senning group. The mean interval between operation and Holter monitoring 7 +/- 2 years in the Mustard and 1.6 +/- 1 years in the Senning group. All patients had sinus rhythm preoperatively. Following operation, the incidence of sinus rhythm increased from 59% in the Mustard and 87% in the Senning group in the first postoperative week to 76% in the Mustard and 100% in the Senning group at the end of follow-up (mean 4.6 +/- 3.5 years). Holter monitoring revealed dysrhythmias or conduction abnormalities in 12 patients (9 Mustard, 3 Senning). A permanent pacemaker had to be inserted in 2 Mustard patients because of complete atrioventricular block and sinus bradycardia with sinus arrest, respectively. Results indicate a prevalence of late postoperative dysrhythmias of 20% in the Senning and of 59% in the Mustard group (p less than 0.05). However, the significantly longer mean follow-up period of the Mustard group precludes a direct comparison between the 2 types of repair.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2006

[Quantification of right and left ventricular function with magnetic resonance imaging after Senning operation for complete transposition of the great arteries].

INTRODUCTION: The different non-invasive examinations do not result in unambigous results about the long-term determination of right ventricular function providing systemic circulation in children with transposition of the great arteries operated with Senning procedure. AIM: The goal of study was to determine the application of MRI for the observation of right and left ventricular morphology and function, for the recognition of the progression of the disease, and for the necessity of reoperation. METHODS: The authors have observed the morphology and function of the right and left ventricule by ECG triggered short axis MR pictures. For the analysis of MR pictures MASS 5.0 software was used. Authors have determined the end systolic and end diastolic volume, the ejection fraction, the mass, and the stroke volume of the right ventricule, the end systolic and end diastolic volume, ejection fraction, the mass, and the stroke volume of the left ventricle, and the shunt volume. The values of these data corrected to body mass have been calculated. PATIENTS: 176 Senning operations took place between 1980 and 1996. MRI exploration at 21 of the 118 analyzed patients were carried out. RESULTS: The right ventricular ejection fraction value at Senning operated patients is significantly different (49 +/- 9% vs. 70 +/- 4%) from those of healthy children (P < 0.01). Right ventricular stroke volume/m2 and right ventricular end systolic volume/m2 were significantly different compared to normal (43 +/- 10 ml/m2 vs. 48 +/- 7 ml/mn and 46 +/- 16 ml/m2 vs. 21 +/- 5 ml/m2, p < 0.05). Authors found also significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction in Senning patients as compared to normal (60 +/- 9% vs. 70 +/- 6%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI, which is a reliable method of objective determination of right ventricular function, became an available method in Hungary. According to the results, authors might presume that the development of right ventricular dysfunction is expected even among Senning operated children without clinical symptoms, so more frequent control is required. The pathological left ventricular parameters may be explained by ventricular interactions. Authors find MRI an important part of the complex follow-up protocol of Senning operations. MRI data extended by results of other non-invasive explorations are appropriate for the follow-up of right ventricular dysfunction.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2004

Long-term outcome after senning operation for transposition of the great arteries.

BACKGROUND: The Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) was first introduced by Senning in 1959 and was revived by Quaegebeur et al. in the late 1970s, thus becoming the intervention of choice for the correction of TGA in many centers. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up of a group of patients undergoing surgery with the Senning procedure for TGA. METHODS: From November 1978 to November 1987, 73 consecutive patients underwent the Senning operation. The 70 survivors had an average follow-up of 19 years (16-25 years). RESULTS: (1) Cardiac rhythm: with time there was a progressive decrease in stable sinus rhythm (60% after 20 years) and a progressive increase of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias requiring therapy (10% after 20 years). (2) Right ventricular function: 20% of the patients had reduced ejection fraction. (3) Late mortality: in the last 12 years of follow-up years there were two sudden deaths (2.8%). (4) Functional status: 80% of patients were in NYHA class I, 17% in class II, and 3% in class III. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that the patients who undergo the Senning procedure have a progressive loss of sinus rhythm, an increase in active arrhythmias, and other important adverse outcomes such as late sudden death and a decrease in right ventricular function; however, most patients (93% in our series) are alive and in good functional status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sinus node shift after the Senning procedure compared with the Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries.

To investigate the nature of the dominant intrinsic cardiac pacemaker activity after the Senning procedure, endocardial mapping of the systemic venous atrium was accomplished a mean of 13 months after operation in 10 patients, aged 22 +/- 6 months. Multiple endocardial sites were measured to find the earliest atrial electrical activity timed back from the QRS complex. These data were compared with data from endocardial mapping performed in 6 patients late after the Mustard procedure. In 8 of 10 patients who had undergone the Senning procedure, the earliest activation time, corresponding by definition to the origin of the intrinsic pacemaker, was located in the inferior medial portion of the superior limb of the systemic venous atrium. In the other 2 patients who had undergone the Senning procedure, the earliest activity was in the high superior limb of the baffle at its junction with the superior vena cava. In contrast, the earliest activity in all patients who underwent the Mustard operation was at the junction of the superior vena cava and the superior limb of the systemic venous atrium. In response to programmed extrastimulation, the electrophysiologic behavior of the intrinsic pacemaker in the Senning group was abnormal compared with known normal sinus node (SN) data in only 3 of 10 patients, whereas all patients in the Mustard group had SN dysfunction. Abnormal SN function was noted in both patients in the Senning group, in whom a shift in the position of the earliest endocardial activation point was not seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of sequential electrical nerve stimuli (SENS) for location of the sciatic nerve and lumbar plexus.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conventional electrical stimulation has been done by continuous adjustment of current amplitude at a single, set pulse duration (conventionally, 0.1 ms). This study evaluated a novel technique for nerve location by utilization of a peripheral-nerve stimulator (PNS) programmed to deliver sequential electrical nerve stimuli (SENS). A repeating series of alternating sequential pulses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 ms at 1/3-second period intervals between pulses were generated so that at a greater distance from the nerve, only higher-duration pulses would stimulate the targeted nerve and result in 1 or 2 motor responses (MR) per second. Three MR per second at 0.5 mA or less signified the conventional endpoint for nerve location (</=0.5 mA, 0.1 ms) because that value indicated that the 0.1-ms pulse was effective. The conventional 0.1-ms pulse served as a built-in control to which the SENS was compared. METHODS: Sixteen sciatic/psoas blocks were performed on 8 patients. Nerve location was by SENS, with an 80-mm block needle. Needle advance began at 1.0 mA until MR. If 1 or 2 MR/s occurred, the needle was advanced until 3 MR/s were obtained. When 3 MR/s occurred at 0.5 mA or less, needle position was fixed (final position), and mA further decreased until MR disappeared. Two digital video cameras separately recorded needle depth and MR for analysis. Final needle position was designated as zero, and distance was calculated relative to it. RESULTS: In 12 of 16 of the performed blocks, SENS resulted in advanced notification (1 or 2 MR/s), which yielded additional visual feedback compared with control before final nerve location and, thus, increased range. In 15 of 16 blocks, MR did not disappear, once elicited, through final needle location. CONCLUSIONS: SENS resulted in increased sensitivity without compromising specificity of nerve location.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparative electrophysiological evaluation of atrial activation and sinoatrial node function following Senning and Mustard procedures: an experimental study.

We compared several electrophysiological variables before and after Mustard and Senning procedures in 14 mongrel dogs and made the following three observations. First, after the Senning operation, the atrial activation in the areas of the anterior and middle internodal tracts is undamaged. After the Mustard procedure, however, conduction through the interatrial septum is practically abolished. Both techniques damage the area of the posterior internodal tract. On the whole, there is greater dispersion of atrial epicardial mapping with the Senning operation. Second, several degrees of depression in the sinus node automatism and intraatrial conduction were observed with both techniques. Third, atrioventricular block in various degrees was observed only after the Mustard procedure. The atrioventricular dissociation observed after the Senning operation was dependent on sinus pacemaker dysfunction only. We think that from the electrophysiological point of view, the Senning procedure is a valid alternative for repair of transposition of the great arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Observation of positive selection within hypervariable regions of a newly identified DNA virus (SEN virus)(1).

To elucidate the evolution of SEN virus (SEN-V), serial sequences of chronically SEN-V-infected patients were analyzed. In the hypervariable regions, non-synonymous substitutions significantly predominated. This could be attributed to positive selection in evading immune surveillance of the hosts and to establish a persistent infection. On the basis of the sequences in the two open reading frames of SEN-V DNA, the rate of synonymous substitutions was 7.32 x 10(-4) per site per year. Since this rate is close to RNA viruses and higher than other DNA viruses, the SEN-V might be replicated by machinery with poor or no proofreading function.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

Atrial switch (Senning procedure) in the era of the arterial switch operation: current indications and results.

OBJECTIVE: Since 1990, the policy at Oregon Health Sciences University is to perform an arterial switch for all patients with transposition of the great arteries. In the last four years we have performed the Senning operation in two patients. Our impression is that the long-term results with Senning procedure at our center are quite good. This prompted a review of our experience with this procedure. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients' charts was undertaken to document preoperative and operative clinical variables. During follow-up, emphasis was placed on reviewing all cardiology clinic charts, transthoracic echocardiograms and ambulatory holter monitor logs. Transthoracic echocardiograms and 24 hour Holter monitoring were performed yearly on all patients during follow-up. RESULTS: Since September, 1982, 54 patients underwent the Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. All patients were palliated at birth with the Rashkind atrial septostomy. The interatrial septum was reconstructed with a dacron patch, and the systemic and pulmonary venous baffles were constructed with autogenous atrial tissue. All but 2 patients underwent profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest during their operative repair. Of 54 patients, early mortality occurred in 5 patients (9%). Follow-up is complete for the 49 operative survivors. The length of follow-up ranges from 6.0 months to 12.1 years (mean 6.4 +/- 0.5 years). There are no late deaths. Forty-five patients (94%) are in NYHA Class I. All late survivors are in sinus rhythm with brief episodes of junctional rhythm (32 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Our series demonstrates that the Senning operation can be safely performed in early infancy. Further, it provides excellent symptomatic and clinical outcomes during late follow-up. Thus, in the era of the arterial switch procedure, close and complete late follow-up results with the Senning procedure, as in this series, should be considered the benchmark in the continued evaluation of the arterial switch operation.

Arteries↗
PubMed2004

Long-term outcomes after the atrial switch for surgical correction of transposition: a meta-analysis comparing the Mustard and Senning procedures.

Most adults with regular transposition (the combinations of concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculo-arterial connections) have undergone either the Mustard or Senning procedure in childhood. It is unclear whether adverse events differ according to the surgery performed. With this in mind, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare long-term outcomes. We searched systematically entries to MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from January 1966 through August 2003, supplementing the search by secondary sources. Comparative studies were required to include at least 10 patients in each cohort of Mustard or Senning procedure, and to report overall survival. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. We used a component approach to assess quality. On the basis of assessment of heterogeneity, we then used a random-effects model for pooled analyses. In all, we included seven studies, incorporating 885 patients. We found a trend towards lower mortality for the 369 patients undergoing a Mustard procedure when compared to 474 submitted to the Senning operation, with a hazard ratio of 0.63 and 95% confidence intervals between 0.35 and 1.14 (p = 0.13). This trend increased with the size of the sample (p = 0.004). Obstruction in the systemic venous pathway was more common in those having the Mustard procedure, with a risk ratio of 3.5 and 95% confidence intervals from 1.8 to 7.0 (p < 0.001), with a trend towards greater obstruction of the pulmonary venous pathway in those undergoing the Senning procedure, 7.6% vs. 3.8% (p = 0.27). A trend towards fewer residual shunts was observed for those with Mustard baffles, 7.0% vs. 14.1% (p = 0.10). Sinus nodal dysfunction, however, was more common after the Mustard procedure. Data regarding atrial tachydysrhythmias was inconclusive. Systemic cardiac failure and functional capacity, was similar. We conclude that outcomes are not uniform among patients submitted to the Mustard and Senning procedures. Knowledge of such differences may facilitate stratification of risk and follow-up.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2005

Influence of manufacturing conditions and crop season on the formation of 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone in Japanese green tea (sen-cha).

4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone is one of the most strongly contributing odorants in the volatile fraction of a Japanese green tea (sen-cha) infusion, and on the basis of the results of an aroma extract dilution analysis, the contribution of this compound to the flavor of the sen-cha infusion varied according to the degree of heating of the tea leaves during the roasting process. The concentration of this odorant in the sen-cha infusion, as with other roasty odorants, increased with the increasing roasting temperature. However, the slope of the increase curve differed with the odor compound, and even if roasting was done at a low temperature, at which the other roasty odorants hardly increased, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone still increased and reached a maximum at 112 degrees C. On the other hand, the amount of 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone in sen-cha was a maximum in the first crop, then decreasing in the order of the second and third crops. These results suggested that the amount of 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone was closely involved with the quality of sen-cha and that the concentration was dependent on the roasting conditions for the green tea leaves, which might be accompanied by an enzymatic reaction.

Camellia sinensis↗
PubMed1980

Operative treatment of TGA: comparison of Senning's and Mustard's operation in patients under 2 years.

Sixty-one patients with simple TGA operated on below 2 years of age using atrial inversion techniques were reported. The results of 27 Senning versus 34 Mustard procedures were compared. Postoperative observation time averaged 32 months after the Mustard operation and 12 months after the Senning operation. Early mortality rate was 3% (one patient) in the Mustard group and 7.4% (two patients) after the Senning operation. Sinus rhythm persisted in 20 out of 27 Senning patients and in 30 out of 34 Mustard patients. No baffle obstruction has been registered. Operation results and patient follow-up so far do not favor one technique. The Senning operation rarely requires patch material. Therefore, growth of the atria may be less disturbed.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1992

Bacillus subtilis SenS exerts its activity through a site in the 5' flanking region of the aprE promoter.

The Bacillus subtilis gene senS, when present in high copy number, stimulates the expression of several extracellular protein genes during the onset of stationary phase, e.g. aprE. A novel integration vector, pINT, was constructed for transcription expression studies; it employed a unique method of promoter insert production for fusion with the lacZ reporter gene. Deletions were made of the 5' flanking region of the aprE promoter to localize the site responsible for SenS-mediated enhancement activity. pINT was used translationally fuse aprE promoter deletion fragments with the lacZ reporter gene. A site between -177 and -415 with respect to the aprE start site of transcription was found to be required for the maximal SenS-mediated transcription increase from the aprE promoter. A multicopy vector containing the senS coding region without its native negative regulation was highly unstable in B. subtilis; this was due to the expressed senS insert.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1988

Arrhythmia and late mortality after Mustard and Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. An eight-year prospective study.

Arrhythmia and late sudden death are recognized complications of intraatrial repair of transposition of the great arteries. We performed a prospective study over 8 years in 100 consecutive hospital survivors who underwent Mustard (46 patients) or Senning (54 patients) operations between 1978 and 1982. Arrhythmia was analyzed by preoperative, postoperative, and serial follow-up Holter monitoring and standard electrocardiograms and was related to clinical outcome. Before repair, all patients were in sinus rhythm with a low incidence of arrhythmia. After repair, there was a gradual decrease in stable sinus rhythm during follow-up so that at a mean of 7 years after operation only 56% of patients having the Senning operation and 66% having the Mustard, with simple transposition, were in stable sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. There was no significant difference between the two operations. Eleven patients (five after Senning [two simple, three complex], six after Mustard [five simple, one complex]) died during follow-up, four suddenly (two after Senning, two after Mustard). However, loss of sinus rhythm or the presence of arrhythmia on standard electrocardiograms or Holter recordings did not identify patients at risk for increased morbidity or mortality. Thus, even with current surgical techniques, gradual loss of sinus rhythm occurred after both Mustard and Senning operations. Because late death could not be predicted by electrocardiographic analysis, an alternative approach involving detailed hemodynamic and electrophysiologic measurements may be required to identify high-risk patients.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1994

Long-term results of atrial correction for transposition of the great arteries. Comparison of Mustard and Senning operations.

Few data exists on the differences in long-term outcome between Mustard and Senning operations. We reviewed available data of all hospital survivors of these operations and assessed risk factors for late death and sinus node dysfunction. Of those patients undergoing the Mustard operation, 60 were hospital survivors (46 simple transposition, 14 complex); of those patients undergoing the Senning operation, 62 were hospital survivors (43 simple, 19 complex). Median duration of follow-up was 16 years (maximum 25 years) for Mustard operation, 11 years (maximum 20 years) for Senning operation. No reoperations were done, except for pacemaker implantation. No differences were found between the two groups with regard to baffle-associated problems, right ventricular failure, sudden death (6% in both groups), and functional status at final follow-up (New York Heart Association class I or II, except for four patients). For patients undergoing the Mustard operation, survival at 16-year follow-up was 91% with simple transposition and 60% with complex transposition (p = 0.027); for both groups of patients undergoing the Senning operation, survival at 16-year follow-up was 78%. Survival in the absence of rhythm disturbance at 16-year follow-up was 18% for Mustard operation and 53% for Senning operation (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, significant independent risk factors for late death turned out to be complex transposition (versus simple) and active arrhythmias. The only significant risk factor for the occurrence of sinus node dysfunction was the Mustard operation. We conclude that apart from the difference in the loss of sinus rhythm, no differences were found in the long-term clinical results of the two types of operations.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2004

An antidepressant effect of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by learned helplessness model in mice.

The antidepressant effect of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine composed of extracts of three herbs; kumazasa leaf (Sasa Kurinensis Makino et Sibata), Japanese red pine leaf (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and ginseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), was assessed using a learned helplessness model in mice. The learned helplessness was produced by presenting 120 unavoidable/inescapable shocks for 3 days to the mouse in a shuttle box, and the avoidance training was carried out on day 4. Compared with the control group given tap water, free consumption of Sho-ju-sen (1%, 3% and 10%) for 21 days resulted in a significant amelioration of the response rate at 1% and 3%, and both the response rate and % avoidance at 10%. Although Sho-ju-sen (10%) caused no significant effect following the 7-day intake, it ameliorated the response rate following the 14-day intake. The extract of Japanese red pine leaf, but not kumazasa leaf or ginseng radix, mildly improved the response rate. Learned helplessness was significantly and dose-dependently reduced by imipramine (10 and 30 mg/kg i.p.), while only mildly by diazepam (1 mg/kg p.o.). These results suggest that a long-term consumption of Sho-ju-sen is effective for the amelioration of depression, and the effectiveness is derived mainly from the extract of Japanese red pine leaf.

Animals↗