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PubMedDate not supplied

[Analytical psychosomatics and medicine--self concept and self comprehension].

Psychoanalytic Psychosomatics derive their selfassessement from the fact that they have turned into a recognized speciality in medical science. High rates of epidemiological occurrance of psychogenetic diseases as well as the proofed efficiency of psychoanalytic methods of treatment encourage psychosomati specialists to take care of a great number of diseased, chronically disabled or high-risk persons. The differences to traditional organic medicine are shown up by ennumerating some of the common but rarely considered facts where supply with psychoanalytic-psychosomatic treatment of patients is concerned: All the therapeutic work is here done by the therapist himself. This is the cause for an exceptionally high Doctors'-time-expenditure for each patient. In spite of his psychotherapy is not expensive compared with average costs of other forms of medical treatment. Further topics are: The question of postgraduate training in psychoanalytic psychosomatics, the special patient-doctor reltionship and other special problems arising during psychotherapy in hospital and outpatient work. These problems are discussed in regard to cooperative collegues from other medical disciplines; dealing c.i. with their transference problems to patients they send to psychotherapy.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1994

Self-concept and self-care practices of healthy adolescents.

The purposes of this descriptive study were to describe the self-care practices of healthy adolescents and to ascertain any relationship between self-care practices and the covariates of self-concept and selected conditioning factors. Orem's Self-Care Model and developmental theory provided the framework for this investigation. Findings from the sample of (n = 160) 15- and 16-year olds showed that adolescents are engaging in self-care practices. The findings from this investigation were congruent with the theoretical proposition of a link between self-concept and self-care (Orem, 1971, 1980, 1985, 1991). Additionally, the influence of sociocultural characteristics on self-care activities was supported. Implications from the study include the need to continue research endeavors that describe, explain, and predict factors that influence self-care behavior in the adolescent population. Practicing nurses in the school, clinic, and community could consider the results of this study when assessing, planning, and implementing health education programs that enhance the self-concept and self-care activities of adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The self-perception of a learning disability and its relationship to academic self-concept and self-esteem.

Eighty-seven children with learning disabilities, aged 9 through 11 years 11 months, completed measures of self-esteem, academic self-concept, and self-perception of their learning disability. The Self-Perception of Learning Disability (SPLD) instrument measures the extent to which children with learning disabilities perceive their disability as (a) delimited rather than global, (b) modifiable rather than permanently limiting, and (c) not stigmatizing. It was hypothesized that self-perception of one's learning disability would be related positively to both academic self-concept and self-esteem, and that each of these relationships would remain significant when controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, reading and math achievement, self-contained versus mainstreamed classroom setting, and age at diagnosis. Correlations and multiple regression analyses confirmed these hypotheses. Results were discussed in terms of helping children to develop less negative self-perceptions of their disabilities.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measurement of self-concept in older persons with the Frankfurt Self-concept Scales].

The Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales--FSKN--were constructed for juveniles and young adults (Deusinger, 1982). The research under consideration here investigates the problem: can the Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales--FSKN--adequately determine the self-concepts of older persons, too? A renewed item analysis and scalogram analysis was determined with a sample of 142 older subjects. It can be concluded from the results of these analyses that the method measures self-concepts of older persons at least on the level of quasi-scales. Various investigations on the re-test-reliability produced satisfactory results. Correlation studies are demonstrated as first investigations to validate the test. The hypothesis that the Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales--FSKN--can adequately determine self-concepts of older people too, cannot be falsificated but rather substantiated by the results available so far. The Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales present an instrument to which for example item and scalogram analyses and investigations on reliability and validity have already been made with different methods for various age-groups: this is in contrast to the items usually used in connection with the Q-Sort-Method to determine self-concepts, items for which there are often no item--or reliability--analyses available. The availability of an instrument for the determination of differentiated self-concepts of various age-groups opens up important research possibilities.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Self-concept and self-consciousness in adults with Tourette syndrome.

The hypothesis that adults with Tourette Syndrome (TS) have a lower level of self-concept and a higher level of public self-consciousness and social anxiety than the general population was examined. Ninety-eight suitable adults responded to a letter distributed to the members of the Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada. The findings indicated that the group with TS and high obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not TS alone, had significantly lower self-concepts than the general population. Both males and females with TS and high obsessive-compulsive symptoms scored higher on social anxiety than the general population, but no differences in public self-consciousness were found. The results of this study argue that people with TS alone do not have impaired self-concepts or social anxiety, but both of these disorders tend to be present among those who suffer from both TS and significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body image, self-concept, and self-esteem in women who had a mastectomy and either wore an external breast prosthesis or had breast reconstruction and women who had not experienced mastectomy.

The perceptions of three groups of women regarding their body image, self-concept, total self-image, and self-esteem were compared. The groups included 64 women who had mastectomies and wore external breast prostheses, 31 women who had mastectomies and underwent breast reconstruction, and a control group of 78 women who had not experienced mastectomy. The body image, total self-image, and self-esteem mean scores indicated that the prosthesis and reconstruction groups had more positive feelings regarding their bodies than did the control group. There were no significant differences in self-concept among the three groups. These findings challenge a common assumption that mastectomy automatically results in psychiatric morbidity caused by an altered body image and suggest that health professionals should not make assumptions about how a woman will psychologically respond to mastectomy.

Body Image↗
PubMed2003

Self-image, self-concept, and self-identity revisited.

Observation, research, experimentation, and verification are the foundational processes giving rise to principles. Principles imply fundamental truths upon which rest knowledge, learning, and teaching. Knowledge and principles are memorialized by and disseminated through words. The denotative word meanings must be agreed upon in order that principles and knowledge can be formally written and spoken. In this way, the structure of scientific information can be built. Three significant psychological terms failing to meet these criteria are self-image, self-concept, and self-identity. Their significance comes from being foundational stones in the structure of one's self-esteem. To illustrate some of the confusion related to them, randomly selected definitions from the psychological literature are presented for the sake of comparison. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to reach a better understanding of these three terms. What will not be discussed here are any literature theories, like Erikson's eight identity stages or Cooley's social interaction "Looking-glass self."

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Locus of control, self-concept, and self-esteem among at-risk African-American adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to add to the sparse but growing descriptive data on at-risk African-American adolescents along the dimensions of locus of control, self-concept, and self-esteem. This study will assist professionals in better understanding the boundaries between normal and abnormal psychological profiles among adolescents, particularly on instruments which are widely used in psychology research and clinical and educational practice. Participants were 117 students from a large, urban Midwestern city in an ongoing intervention program with adolescents who were at-risk of dropping out of school because of academic underachievement and whose family's incomes were below the poverty line. Descriptive results and comparisons with data on other at-risk samples are presented, along with multivariate analyses on the three constructs on the basis of gender. This study provides benchmarks for practitioners and researchers in interpreting the results of assessments using these instruments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Investigating the influence of achievement on self-concept using an intra-class design and a comparison of the PASS and SDQ-1 self-concept tests.

BACKGROUND: The formation and measurement of self-concept were the foci of this research. AIMS: The study aimed to investigate the influence of achievement on academic self-concept and to compare the Perception of Ability Scale for Students (PASS, Boersma & Chapman, 1992) with the Self-Description Questionnaire-1 (SDQ-1, Marsh, 1988). SAMPLE: The participants were 479 grade 5 (mean age 126.6 months) coeducational Australian students, located in 18 schools. METHOD: An intra-class research design was used to investigate the influence of frame-of-reference on self-concept development. RESULTS: As students' academic scores rose above their class mean their self-concepts increased and as students' academic scores fell below their class mean their self-concepts decreased. Students' difference from class mean predicted their self-concept scores. This finding was consistently shown across the reading, spelling, and mathematics domains using test and teaching rating data. A comparison between the PASS and the SDQ-1 demonstrated concurrent validity across self-concept domains. CONCLUSION: The findings support the notions that the social environment is a significant agent that influences self-concept, and that teacher ratings and standardised tests of achievement and the PASS and the SDQ-1 are valid measures for self-concept research.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Self-concept change and self-presentation: the looking glass self is also a magnifying glass.

Studies 1 and 2 showed that identical behaviors had greater impact on the self-concept when performed publicly rather than privately. That is, the self-concept is more likely to change by internalizing public behavior than by internalizing behavior that is identical but lacks the interpersonal context. The self-concept change extends even to behavioral changes and occurs even when participants are unaware of being observed. In addition, those who are high in self-monitoring are more likely to internalize their behavior than those who are low in self-monitoring. Study 3 provided evidence about what components of a public situation affect the internalization of behavior. Choice about making the self-portrayal, drawing on episodes from one's own past rather than relying on a yoked script, and expecting future interaction with the audience all increased the internalization of a public behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗