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PubMed1995

[School refusal--a catamnestic study on the diagnostic concept ov "school phobia" and "school anxiety"].

Twenty-six patients diagnosed with school refusal were examined 2.4 years after inpatient treatment. The long-term course of patients with "school phobia" (school refusal unrelated to school) and that of patients with "school anxiety" (school refusal related to school) were compared. In addition, an attempt was made to identify variables predictive of a good outcome. The mean age of the 12 patients with "school phobia" and the 14 patients with "school anxiety" was 12.7 years at the start of inpatient treatment. The assessment of psychiatric disturbances was based on structured interviews for parents and adolescents (MEI and MADEL, 1989) and the dimensional assessment scales of functioning for children and adolescents (MSBF). The variables assessed for predictive value were taken from the patients' records during inpatient treatment and from the hospital documentation system. There was no difference in outcome between the two syndrome groups. There was a tendency to less autonomy in the patients with "school phobia". Girls had a better outcome than boys, as did patients with less absence from school prior to inpatient treatment. Overall there was no difference in the outcome of "school phobia" and "school anxiety". Therefore a new classification should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Arab and Jewish elementary school students' perceptions of fear and school violence: understanding the influence of school context.

This inquiry explores variables that predict elementary school students' fear of attending school due to school violence and their overall judgments of school violence as a problem. Using a nationally representative sample (Israel) of 5,472 elementary-school-aged children, this study tested the hypotheses that: (a) young students' personal fear of attending school due to violence, and (b) students' assessment of a school violence problem, are best understood as separate conceptual constructs. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed theoretical model for the sample as a whole and separately for across gender and for Arab and Jewish students. Student fear of attending school due to violence was related directly to experiences of personal victimization on school grounds by students and teachers. Children's judgments of their schools' overall violence problem were influenced directly by the school climate, risky peer-group behaviours, and personal victimization. The findings provide evidence that the proposed theoretical model applies across gender groups and for both Arab and Jewish students. Implications for policy, theory, and future research are highlighted.

Arabs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-based schistosomiasis control programmes: a comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among Nigerian school-age children in and out of school.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 1998 on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school-age children in and out of school at Adim village in Nigeria to test the objective of delivering a control programme through the school system. School enrollment figures and non-attendance rate were collated from questionnaires that were self-administered by heads of families. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined following filtration of urine and counting of carbol fuchsin-stained eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. The rates of regular school attendance, irregular attendance and non-attendance were 69.1%, 5.1%, and 25.8%, respectively. These indices were not significantly associated with the age of the schoolchildren (P > 0.05). Boys (76.6%) were more associated with regular attendance than girls (61.4%) (P < 0.0001) while girls had a higher rate of non-attendance (32.7%) than males (19.1%) (P < 0.0001). Although more out-of-school children were infected (90.7%) than those in school (86.8%), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The same association was established in the variation of mean egg count between the 2 study populations though intensity was higher among out-of-school children. The principal reasons proffered for the high rate of non-attendance listed in their order of importance were: economic, sickness, poor performance, refusal, farming and fishing. A dual method of control that would in incorporate the integration of recognized local authorities is suggested in areas with moderate school attendance rate like Adim, as lack of treatment of infected out-of-school children ensures continuous contamination and re-infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the Outreach School Garden Project: building the capacity of two Indigenous remote school communities to integrate nutrition into the core school curriculum.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: This paper describes the Outreach School Garden Project, which was conducted in two remote Indigenous school communities in north-west Queensland. This project integrated nutrition into the key learning areas of the core school curriculum by using a school-based garden as a nutritional education tool. METHODS: Evaluation was by a descriptive qualitative approach supplemented by some quantitative data consistent with Indigenous research methods. The objectives were linked to the Health Promoting Schools Framework, using concepts of community capacity building, action research, social capital and experiential learning. RESULTS: Nutrition was extensively integrated into the core school curriculum by the teaching staff, who required no specific nutrition knowledge or gardening skills prior to the implementation. Students' knowledge and skills in nutrition and gardening were increased over the six-month period and positive improvements in the physical and social environment at the school were observed. CONCLUSION: A school-based nutrition garden enables the teaching and learning of basic nutrition through the core school curriculum. This concept was an innovative, practical nutritional education tool to engage and build the capacity of Indigenous students, school staff and the broader community in nutrition.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Special needs children in the public schools: perceptions of school nurses and school teachers.

Schools are faced with the challenges presented by special needs children (SNC) because the law requires that they must provide educational opportunities to all children--those who have no handicapping conditions as well as those who do, no matter how severe those conditions. The need exists for adequately prepared health care professionals in the school setting. Using a convenience sample of school teachers and school nurses, this investigation focused on the perceptions of school teachers and nurses regarding the challenges and demands of having these children in the public school. Two surveys were conducted to study those perceptions. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses showed that the needs of both groups of providers--school nurses and school teachers--can be summed up in three categories: information dissemination, communication, and resource integration. Infrastructure development involves the establishment of an effective information management system, effective use of such a system in establishing communications between all participants, and adequate administrative support to facilitate the development of the school providers' sense of competence in the care of SNC. A well-planned and adequately supported program goes a long way toward changing people's attitudes toward the inclusion of SNC in the classroom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Older school children are not necessarily healthier: analysis of medical consultation pattern of school children from a territory-wide School Health Surveillance.

It is important to maintain the health of our school children as health is a major factor affecting learning. In developed countries, we assume that school children, especially in higher grades, are healthy because they are relatively free of diseases. However, many of the health problems encountered by school children are not reported in routine health data as they seek help in primary care or by self-medication. In this paper, the medical consultation pattern of school children in Hong Kong was analyzed. It was revealed that school children had a high rate of consultation and self-medication, and the health status of older school children is not better. They were not offered adequate preventive advice. The piecemeal approach to focus on curative medicine will only lead to a high rate of episodic consultation and self-medication without empowering the young people with the skills of self-care and self-help, and positive health behavior. The concept of a health-promoting school with emphasis on more extra-curricular health promotion activities, improved communication between health and education sectors, active involvement by pupils and parents, and changing policies and practices would help to make the co-ordinated school health program a greater success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

School absenteeism and school refusal behavior: a review and suggestions for school-based health professionals.

School absenteeism and school refusal behavior are particularly difficult problems that school health professionals often face. Unfortunately, few recommendations are available to such professionals about how to address this population. In this article, we (1) outline the major characteristics of school absenteeism and school refusal behavior, (2) review school-based health programs that have been designed in part to reduce absenteeism, and (3) provide suggestions for school health professionals regarding individual youths with school refusal behavior.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2006

School absence in children with fractures: is it unnecessary school regulations that keep children away from school?

We retrospectively reviewed school absence in 142 consecutive children aged 5-16 years who attended our clinic following upper or lower limb fractures that required hospital admission. A questionnaire was sent to all parents and the head teachers of the involved schools requesting details of their return to school policy following trauma. One hundred and forty-two children had fractures in the study period. One hundred and four parent questionnaires were completed. All 29 head teachers' responded. Children lost an average of 4 and 21 school days, respectively as a result of upper and lower limb fractures. Parents 92 or child 7 made the decision to return to school, this totals 95%. We concluded that school regulations rarely delay a child's return to school after a fracture.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

[Smoking tobacco among young people in grammar-school, secondary-school and high-school and knowledge of relating wholesome threats].

Smoking tobacco in Poland is still a very common occurrence. Nowadays it is a method of handling stressful situations and is generally accepted in different social backgrounds. The Epidemiological data on occurence of smoking tobacco and its effects on people's health are taken from the Oncology Centre - Institute in Warsaw. Growing awareness of harmfulness of smoking tobacco, especially among young people and better educated a adult Polish people, is inter alia a contribution of the anti nicotine campaign leading by Health Promotion Foundation of prof. Zatoński. It should be remembered, that nicotine diseases are one of the main problems of public health in our country. The most important element of preventive activities is health education among young people in schools. That is why it is important to carry out surveys to estimate the scale of nicotine addiction and the level of awareness of its disastrous effects among young people in different types of schools. Considering the economic situation of Radom and possibilities of carrying out comparative surveys in Warsaw in later stage, 3 schools were selected at random (lower-secondary school, an upper-secondary school and a college). A selected cohort consisted of 300 people. Results of analysis shows, that level of knowledge on harmfulness of smoking tobacco among young people in all types of schools is very high (80-90% correct answers). But most of these young people smoke and this is, unfortunately, very alarming. Young people begin smoking at lower-secondary school, in spite of lots of information about anti-nicotine subject. It is influenced by TV, other young people at their age, their backgrounds and their idals. Anti-nicotine campaigns promoting healthy, not smoking life-style should be supported and launched, by media and young people's backgrounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

School achievement and school adaptation in children in relation to CNS development as assessed by a complex reaction time measured on school entry--a follow-up.

Schoolchildren aged seven years underwent a complex reaction time (CRT) measurement and were followed up regarding language achievements and performance in gymnastics during the nine years of compulsory school. An analysis was made of the correlation between school results and CRT findings. In grade 3, there were large differences in psychomotor development between children with fast and slow CRT in both sexes. Only minor differences in school achievement were seen between girls in different CRT groups. Among the boys, however, many with a slow CRT were considered handicapped in language development, with dyslexia as the most important problem in addition to poor motoricity. They left compulsory school with poor results in Swedish, their native language, and gymnastics, and with a certificate that may reduce their changes of future studies and employment. The boys in general were inferior to the girls. The slow CRT boys, who were mainly considered to be developmentally delayed, also carried a risk of social maladjustment. It would appear to be important that psychophysical maturity receives attention at school, in addition to emotional and social factors. The school health services have an important responsibility in this respect.

Achievement↗
PubMed2000

American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on School Health. Home, hospital, and other non-school-based instruction for children and adolescents who are medically unable to attend school.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that school-aged children and adolescents obtain their education in school in the least restrictive setting, that is, the setting most conducive to learning for the particular student. However, at times, acute illness or injury and chronic medical conditions preclude school attendance. This statement is meant to assist evaluation and planning for children to receive non-school-based instruction and to return to school at the earliest possible date.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Assessing the effects of a school-based intervention on unscheduled school transfers during elementary school.

Raising Healthy Children is a cluster-randomized study of a school-based intervention aimed at preventing problem behaviors among children recruited into the project in the first or second grade of elementary school. Multilevel analysis was used to compare students in intervention and control schools with respect to whether they transferred out of their original schools. Students in intervention schools were less likely to transfer within the first 5 years of the project. A multilevel discrete-time survival model that included both time-varying and contextual variables revealed that the difference in hazard of transfer was greatest in the earlier years of the project.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Eating habits of school children. School meals in Swedish primary schools].

Since the mid 1940's cooked lunches have been served in Swedish schools. Several investigations executed in recent years show that many school-children skimp increasingly on their school lunches the older they become. A study of some 1,900 senior school pupils in Sweden revealed that about 47 per cent ate very little or nothing at all; this was particularly true of girls and working class children. For one pupil in four the total food intake seemed inadequate since both breakfast and dinner were manifestly insufficient. The article suggests improvements of school meal routines, suggestions which can be realized without major expenditure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health promotion by sports in schools. A model project in 3 Cologne public schools--what is the responsibility of the school physician?].

This project was started under the aspect of judging mental (psychic) and physical items of pupils from three schools, aged between 10 and 16. Therefore, it includes not only the subject of sports but also all the other subjects concerning health, such as biology and hygiene. Support by other institutions besides schools was necessary. The observation period was fixed up to three years, the main points being sports and motorial tests and accompanying medical care and survey by school doctors from the Public Health Centre. The project was started at the beginning of the school period 1987/88 and will last until the end of the school period 1989/90. The surveying period is still too short draw any conclusions or to make any statements.

Adolescent↗