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PubMed2000

Observation of T lymphocyte subsets in the liver of patients with advanced schistosomiasis and advanced schistosomiasis accompanied with hepatitis B.

T lymphocyte subsets in the liver were detected by Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) assay in 22 patients with advanced schistosomiasis (AS) and 5 cases of AS accompanied with hepatitis B. T lymphocytes in the liver of AS patients were distributed in the peripheral layer of egg granuloma or the area near eggs in non-granuloma. No infiltrative T lymphocytes were observed in area with extensive fibrosis. There was infiltration of many T cells in the portal tract, piecemeal and focal necrosis area as well as in hepatic sinus in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B. CD8+ T cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, Ts/Tc) in the liver were predominant in the two groups. In AS patients, marked hepatic fibrosis, a small number of T cell infiltration and slight hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were observed. However, obvious hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were seen in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B, and 3 cases of them developed active liver cirrhosis. The results indicated immune response was weak in the liver in AS patients and Ts cells might be predominant in the subset of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Cellular immune response was relatively strong in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B and the infiltrative CD8+ T lymphocytes might be mainly Tc cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A clinico-epidemiological survey of schistosomiasis mansoni in a hyperendemic area in Minas Gerais State (Comercinho, Brazil). I. Differences in the manifestations of schistosomiasis in the town centre and in the environs.

A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis was done in Comercinho (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Faecal (Kato-Katz technique) and physical examinations were performed on 90% and 79% of the population (1474 inhabitants), respectively. The rate of infection with Schistosoma mansoni was 70%, the geometric mean of eggs was 334/g of faeces and 7% of the infected individuals had splenomegaly. The rate of infection, faecal egg counts and the rate of splenomegaly were significantly higher in the environs (zones 3 and 4) of the town than in the central areas (zones 1 and 2) of Comercinho. This difference seemed to be determined by the social differences existing between the population in the central area and the environs; in the environs the heads of families were predominantly manual workers (73 and 94% respectively), only 10 and 3% of the houses had piped water supply and less than 14% were of better quality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-based schistosomiasis control programmes: a comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among Nigerian school-age children in and out of school.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 1998 on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school-age children in and out of school at Adim village in Nigeria to test the objective of delivering a control programme through the school system. School enrollment figures and non-attendance rate were collated from questionnaires that were self-administered by heads of families. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined following filtration of urine and counting of carbol fuchsin-stained eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. The rates of regular school attendance, irregular attendance and non-attendance were 69.1%, 5.1%, and 25.8%, respectively. These indices were not significantly associated with the age of the schoolchildren (P > 0.05). Boys (76.6%) were more associated with regular attendance than girls (61.4%) (P < 0.0001) while girls had a higher rate of non-attendance (32.7%) than males (19.1%) (P < 0.0001). Although more out-of-school children were infected (90.7%) than those in school (86.8%), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The same association was established in the variation of mean egg count between the 2 study populations though intensity was higher among out-of-school children. The principal reasons proffered for the high rate of non-attendance listed in their order of importance were: economic, sickness, poor performance, refusal, farming and fishing. A dual method of control that would in incorporate the integration of recognized local authorities is suggested in areas with moderate school attendance rate like Adim, as lack of treatment of infected out-of-school children ensures continuous contamination and re-infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hepatocellular carcinoma and schistosomiasis japonica. A clinicopathologic study of 59 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

The association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatic schistosomiasis (CS) was studied by reviewing, 4,886 autopsies in adults during the past 20 years. In 229 cases of CS, 59 (25.7%) also had HCC. Among cases without CS, 399 (8.5%) had HCC. The incidence of HCC in patients with CS was significantly higher than that of other autopsy cases (p less than 0.01). Serum HBsAg was positive in 25.7% of 35 HCC cases with CS examined for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and anti HBs was positive in 10 of the 12 HBsAg-negative cases associated with CS, and in 62.1% of the other HBsAg-negative cases examined. Thus, most of HCC cases, including those associated with CS, probably had HBV infection at one time. Morphological examination revealed varying degrees of non-schistosomal hepatic changes, including macronodular or mixed macro-and micronodular cirrhosis, superimposed on schistosomal fibrosis in about two-thirds of the cases of HCC associated with CS. Although conclusive evidence whether or not schistosomal infection had a direct role in hepatocarcinogenesis could not be obtained, it was predicted that the additional non-schistosomal factors, particularly HBV infection, might play a synergistic role.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Criteria of identification of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma hamatobium and S. mansoni (486 patients: 275 case of schistosomiasis)].

Out of a total of 486 patients who originated from French Equatorial Africa, from the West Indies or from the Indian Ocean, the authors identified 275 cases of schistosomiasis of which 230 were due to S. Hematobium and 45 to S. Mansoni. The diagnostic methods were biopsy of the rectal mucosa, immunofluorescence, in the West Indians, examination of the stools, in the Africans examination of the urine, intravenous urography and less often cystoscopy. The value of these investigations was studied in each case, then by comparison with one another and with data in the literature. The most valuable investigation was biopsy of the rectum, better in Africans than examination of the urine, immunofluorescence and better than cystoscopy when this was possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Detection and quantification of circulating antigen in schistosomiasis by monoclonal antibody. II. The quantification of circulating antigens in human schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobium: relationship to intensity of infection and disease status.

Circulating cathodic and circulating anodic antigens were quantified in sera of patients infected with S. mansoni, S. haematobium or both parasites. A monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antiserum were applied in precipitation and solid phase immunosorbent techniques using radio- and enzyme-labelled antibody as a tracer to detect the cathodic and anodic antigen respectively. The results show that circulating cathodic antigen can frequently be detected in an immunoprecipitation or an immunoradiometric assay in serum of infected patients. The serum concentration of this antigen was found to be significantly correlated to the number of S. mansoni worms and to be higher in patients with the hepatosplenic form of the disease than in those without such complications. Examining paired serum samples before and after specific treatment the determination of this antigen by monoclonal antibody reliably indicated efficacy of chemotherapy in patients having received different forms of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Patterns of infection and transmission of human schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobium in White Nile Province, Sudan.

The overall prevalences of infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or both species among 6122 children from 27 schools in the former White Nile Province of Sudan (now divided into the Kosti, El Getaina, El Gebelein and El Duem Provinces) were 10.1%, 21.4% and 4.5%, respectively. Geometric mean egg counts in the pure S. mansoni and pure S. haematobium infections were 97.7 eggs/g faeces and 12.9 eggs/10 ml urine, respectively. There were marked differences in levels of endemicity between provinces and also between schools within each province. School-specific prevalences and intensities of infection were positively correlated, both for S. mansoni and for S. haematobium. Prevalences and intensities of infection were generally similar in male and female subjects and in the different age groups into which they were split (i.e. 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years). Community-based surveys of all age groups in two villages showed typical patterns of infections with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, with indices peaking in those aged 10-19 years, both in males and females. Observations on snail-related aspects of transmission revealed that transmission of both S. mansoni and S. haematobium was highly focal and also seasonal, taking place during the hot, dry and post-rainy seasons.

Adolescent↗