Preservation of blood-glucose strips.
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Blood Glucose↗
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[Interference of ascorbic acid in the measurement of glucose concentration in urine by means of strips and quantitative methods].
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Ascorbic Acid↗
[Comparative studies uith a new protein test strip].
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False Positive Reactions↗
Spontaneous rupture of membranes. Rapid strip tests for detection.
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Amniotic Fluid↗
Rapid penicillinase paper strip test for detection of beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
A modified 1-min iodometric paper strip test for penicillinase activity was developed for detection of beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The test is simple to perform and uses reagent-impregnated strips that may be stored for 1 year or more prior to use.
Ampicillin↗
Application of a dehydrated test strip, HEMASTIX, for the assessment of gingivitis.
In order to develop a rapid and simple method based on chemical alterations in gingival pockets during inflammation, the HEMASTIX strips were used to record the degree of gingivitis. This dehydrated test strip records the presence of both hemoglobin derived from erythrocytes and myeloperoxidase from PMN-leukocytes. The intensity of the blue color that appeared and the amount of adsorbed fluid were recorded. The correlation of the Strip Index with Gingival Index was highly significant (P is less than 0.001) and with Gingival Bleeding Index significant (P is less than 0.01). When determined both from the left side of the upper jaw and from the Ramfjord teeth, the correlation between these two areas was highly significant (P is less than 0.001) in the case of Strip Index but only slightly significant (P is less than 0.05) with Gingival Index. According to the present results the Strip Index can be used for the assessment of biochemical changes in gingival pockets resulting from the development of gingivitis.
Adult↗
[Diagnosis of leucocytes in urine by means of a test-strip (author's transl)].
A test-strip for diagnosing urinary leucocytes (Cytur) was evaluated by 11 centres, on a total of 1985 voided urine specimens. Results were compared with chamber counting of uncentrifuged urine, as well as by microscopic examination of spun sediment. With a reaction time of 15 minutes the test-strip compared well with the other two methods. When urine is allowed to stand, the lysis of leucocytes exaggerates the colour reaction of the test-strip. Red blood cells, bacteria, sperm and nitrite in urine do not influence the results, except Trichomonas which increases the reaction. Ascorbic acid and albumin slightly inhibit the reaction.
Albumins↗
[A problems in diagnosis of "leucocyturia". A simple method for a quantitative evaluation of urinary cell concentration (author's transl)].
The increased urinary excretion of white blood cells is usually associated with morphological features. The widely used urine sediment is not able to provide a proper diagnostic approach, but only some diagnostic aid concerning qualitative aspects (white blood cell casts). The ADDIS count is too elaborate for general practice and hospital management, even under simplified conditions. Neither have the visual field method using uncentrifuged urine and the counting of white blood cells in the counting chamber become routine diagnostic procedure. A new test strip for leucocytes is introduced. As a bedside test in hospital care and general practice it will be able to replace former methods regarding quantitative evaluation of leucocyturia.
Humans↗
[Determination of low blood glucose levels in newborns with the reflectance photometer (author's transl)].
The paper reports the examination of a new test strip Reflotest-Hypoglycemie, which was developed specifically for the hypoglycemic range. In 2 series of 110 respectively 120 samples of capillary blood taken from premature and full term infants the blood glucose concentrations were determined using Reflotest-Hypoglycemie and the hexokineasured with the test strip agree well with the results of hexokinase method in a range less than 50 mg/dl. Bilirubin and hematocrit values do not affect the glucose test. Glutathion and ascorbic acid interfere with the test strip method but this error is neglectable because of physiological low concentrations of these substances.
Blood Glucose↗
Clinical usefulness of an enzyme strip for estimation of blood sugar ("Dextrostix") in a tropical medical practice: a 10-year experience.
A series of studies were carried out to assess the usefulness and accuracy of measuring blood sugar levels in a tropical medical practice using an enzyme test strip ("Dextrostix"). The results showed that the method is simple, accurate and reproducible, especially when the colour changes on the strips are interpreted electronically by the reflectance meter or Eyetone instrument. The results are independent of packed cell volume. Sequestrene-containing blood samples maintain a constant level of glucose for 5 hours. The Eyetone can be used for approximate determination of blood glucose levels greater than 400 mg per 100 ml by exposing the strips to blood for only 30 seconds and multiplying the result by two. Where there is no mains supply, the instrument can be operated from a car battery.
Blood Glucose↗
Detection of pigment precursors in white clinical strains of Serratia marcescens.
Filter paper strips containing a pigment precursor extracted from Serratia marcescens strain 933 were used to determine whether white, clinical S. marcescens strains could form pigment syntrophically. In all, 114 strains (113 of clinical origin) were tested, and 99% were found to develop colors ranging from violets to pinks.
Enterobacteriaceae Infections↗
Detection of volatile sulfide-producing bacteria isolated from poultry-processing plants.
A technique using filter paper strips impregnated with 5-5'-dithiobis-nitrobenzoic acid was developed to allow the detection of bacteria (isolated from poultry-processing environs) which produced volatile sulfides (H2S, CH3SH, [CH3]2S). The technique is preferred to conventional methods in that it allows the detection of volatile organic sulfides in addition to hydrogen sulfide.
Animals↗
Histochemical technique to detect choline-containing lipids.
An almost specific and highly sensitive technique to detect histochemically choline-containing lipids is proposed. This technique is based on the effect of Hg++ and phosphomolybdic ion on the choline, that yields insoluble complexes able to react with diphenylcarbazide producing a deep blue or violet stain. The specificity and the sensitivity of this technique was investigated on filter paper strips loaded with choline-containing lipids, choline-free lipids, steroids, vitamins, proteins or choline hydrochloride. The results show that the choline-containing substances react positively. The choline-free substances react negatively except calciferol and vitamin A that show weakly positive results. This technique used on tissue sections appears very suitable to histochemical purposes.
Adrenal Glands↗
[A new test-strip for the detection of hematuria (author's transl)].
The use of a new test strip for hematuria (Sangur-Test) is suggested for ambulatory and clinical practice. It seems to be reliable and sensitive enough to detect minor degrees of pathological amounts of red blood cells in urine (above 5/microliter). No false negative result was recorded in the present series. The concomitant use of Sangur-Test and Hemastix in 28 children with different degrees of hematuria has shown a higher sensitivity in detecting erythrocyturia with the former.
Adolescent↗
Home-testing for recurrent bacteriuria, using nitrite strips.
Follow-up of children with recurrent urinary infections would be simplified by an accurate home-testing program for detection of infection. We provided nitrite test strips to the parents of 30 girls with recurrent urinary infection to determine if twice weekly home testing of first-voided urine could reliably detect infection. Infections were documented by dip slides or colony counts indicating more than 10(5) bacteria per milliliter of urine. Twenty-four families (80%) complied over a mean study period of 11 months, detecting 28 of 30 episodes of bacteriuria (93%). No false-positive tests occurred. Urinary nitrate, the substrate for nitrite production by bacteria, was universally present (greater than 100 microgram/ml) in 80 children. The nitrite test is useful for home follow-up observation of children at high risk of bacteriuria if applied repeatedly by motivated parents.
Adolescent↗
[Experiences with the API 20A system in routine species identification of anaerobes (author's transl)].
The API 20A System was tested in three modifications: a) The microtubes were inoculated with the API anaerobe basal medium, filled up completely with sterile mineral oil and incubated aerobically. b) The test strips were inoculated with the basal medium and incubated in an anaerobic chamber. c) The strips were inoculated with a modified Viande-Levure medium containing Tween 80, vitamin K3 and hemin. The microtubes were covered with sterile mineral oil and incubated in an anaerobic chamber. Each procedure was compared with the conventional method (PRAS) of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The overall agreement between the three modifications of the API System and the conventional method was 83.2, 91.7, and 98.5% related to the number of tests performed. The advantage of the modified medium was also demonstrated by measuring the growth rate of some anaerobes in thioglycolate broth, API basal medium and VL-medium, modified as mentioned above, nephelometrically. So the micromethod is more accurate and reliable when inoculated with an improved medium.
Anaerobiosis↗
Alpha-thalassaemia early eluting peak for alpha-thalassaemia --SEA carrier screening: a multicentre diagnostic comparison with immunochromatographic strip test and haemoglobin H inclusion test.
While high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is well-established for β-thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathies, phenotypic screening for α0-thalassaemia has been limited. To address this limitation, we aimed to translate the discovery of the α-thalassemia early eluting peak (αEEP) in HPLC into clinical practice by comparing its diagnostic performance with other existing methods (haemoglobin H inclusion test [HbHi] and immunochromatographic strip test [ICT]) in a multicentre setting, and elucidating the nature of the αEEP by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With a cohort of 820 genotyped patients, the αEEP showed superior diagnostic performance in detecting --SEA (sensitivity 99.6%, specificity 100%) compared with HbHi (sensitivity 95.8%, P = 0.006; specificity 97.3%, P < 0.001) and ICT (sensitivity 95.8%, P = 0.006; specificity 75.4%, P < 0.001). Both HbHi and ICT showed reduced sensitivity in β-thalassaemia carriers versus non-carriers. ICT showed reduced specificity when Hb F ≥ 1% compared with < 1%. The αEEP remained robust across all subgroups. LC-MS/MS revealed a strong association between the αEEP and embryonic ζ-globin chains (P < 0.001). The αEEP offered cost reductions of 98.6% over HbHi and 97.3% over ICT. Collectively, the αEEP is a highly reliable and cost-effective marker for detecting --SEA carriers, enabling a novel "all-in-one" HPLC screening strategy for --SEA, β-thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathies. Trial registration number: not applicable.
Humans↗
Multicenter Evaluation of a New Strip-Based Blood Glucose System for Point-of-Care Testing in Critical and Non-Critical Care Settings.
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the performance of Cobas® Pulse (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), a new blood glucose (BG) monitoring system (BGMS; referred to here as BGMSA) intended for point-of-care testing using samples from patients in diverse clinical settings by intended point-of-care test operators. METHODS: Arterial, capillary, venous, or heel stick whole blood (WB) samples from patients in non-critical and critical care settings were collected and analyzed using BGMSA and the Nova StatStrip® BGMS (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA; referred to here as BGMSB), and a hexokinase comparator (Cobas 6000 Analyzer Series; Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The blood glucose measurement accuracy was assessed by the Food and Drug Administration guidance criteria. RESULTS: Two studies are presented. In the first, 2678 samples (622 arterial, 706 capillary, 1203 venous, 147 heel stick) were collected from 1577 patients in 14 US and three European sites. All accuracy criteria were met for arterial and venous samples considering all data combined. BGMSA showed better accuracy than BGMSB for arterial, venous, and heel stick, and similar results to BGMSB for capillary WB vs venous comparator. No endogenous interference from pO2, hematocrit, and sodium was identified. BGMSA was also accurate when analyzing contrived samples used to show accuracy over a wide range of glucose concentrations, alone and when combined with extreme hematocrit. In the second study, 117 capillary fingerstick samples collected at one US site were measured on both BGMSA and the comparator, and all accuracy criteria were met. No clinically significant medical risks were observed via Diabetes Technology Society Error Grids. CONCLUSIONS: BGMSA was effective for determining blood glucose in venous, arterial, neonatal arterial, neonatal heel stick, and capillary WB samples.
Humans↗