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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Efficient CRISPR/Cas-SF01 genome editing tools with high editing efficiency in allotetraploid oilseed rape.

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas9 has been widely utilized for plant genome editing, but the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) requirement limits its editing scope. CRISPR/Cas12i3 belongs to the type-VI Cas system that has gained extensive attention due to its smaller size and less restricted canonical TTN PAM sequence. In this study, we explored the newly developed Cas-SF01 system (Cas12i3 variant) for genome editing in oilseed rape. We established an efficient protoplast transformation system in oilseed rape to compare editing efficiency between Cas-SF01 and Cas9. Cas-SF01 shows cleavage activities at the tested 5'-TTN-3' PAM sites with editing outcomes sharing considerable similarities with the CRISPR-Cas9 system in protoplast. Cas-SF01 also induces high efficiency mutagenesis for multiple target sites in stable transformed oilseed rape lines, generating mutants with multilocular silique and male sterile phenotypes. Furthermore, Cas-SF01-derived cytosine base editors (CBEs) were developed to produce targeted C-to-T base edits. Compared to SpCas9, Cas-SF01 has an expanded PAM range and effectively recognizes TTN PAMs, which has substantially broadened the scope of editable sites within the rapeseed genome. No mutations were identified at the putative off-target sites among the edited plants. This study developed a robust, first-of-its-kind Cas12 system in the allotetraploid Brassica napus, expanding the scope of editing and enriching genome-editing toolkits for biological research and genetic improvement.

Brassica napus↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of plant residues on the parasitic activity of soilborne pathogens and the saprophytic microflora of the soil. III. Influence of rye and rape grown as winter catch crop on the incidence of Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron (author's transl)].

In a five-years field trial, the influence of two winter catchcrops, rye and rape, upon the incidence of Cercosporella herpotrichoides has been studied. The winter catch-crops had been repeated three times, followed either by stubble-crop or without in fall of the fourth year. The variants (blocks) had been completed by two variants without catch-crop, either carefully cultivated or overgrown with weeds. Each of the four blocks had been divided three times to be grown with three different crop sequences containing 80%, 60% (with the insusceptible corn), or 40% haulm fruit, respectively. Each of the 12 variants had been divided into two parts by continuous fallow stripe, one part being artificially infested with the pathogen in the beginning (1st winter wheat). In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year, only spring crops were grown, followed by winter wheat in the 5th year. The final exploration resulted in a medium to heavy degree of infection, being significantly higher in the 80% cereal crop sequence than in the 60% and 40% sequences. Concerning the catch-crops, infection in the rye variants was equal or significantly lower than in the carefully cultivated variants without catch-crop. On the other hand, infection of the rape variants had become significantly higher than that of the catch-crop-free ones, about as heavily as in the weed-infested variants. From fall 1966 to summer 1969, the development of the saprophytic soil microflora and several other edaphic parameters had been investigated. Remarkable differences in intensity of disintegration have been observed under the influence of the main crops, cereals or potatoes, respectively, but no differences could be stated resulting from the matter of disintegration--residues of rye or rape--, which might interpret the contrasting effects on the pathogen. Too, no indication for antagonistic activity of bacteria or actinomycetes has been noted. The results are compared with known facts of Cercosporella and of other soil borne pathogens. The difference in biology of Cercosporella on the one hand, and of root infecting fungi on the other hand seems to be most important to explain the results obtained.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1978

Women's attitudes toward forcible rape.

This study assessed the attitudes of women with diverse backgrounds toward possible responses to an attempted sexual assault and also ascertained their beliefs about how society should handle a convicted rapist. Additionally, the role which the personality dimensions of assertiveness and internal-external expectamcy play in shaping attitudes toward rape was investigated. Seventy-seven women and 25 men were administered the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, the Rotter I-E Scale, and a Rape Inventory. Women relied on a narrow range of options to deal with a rapist's attack, depending mostly on less active modes. They advocated humane approaches be taken with convicted rapists. Personality played only a minor role.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The forensic laboratory evaluation of evidence in alleged rape.

Serial vaginal fluid samples were obtained for laboratory analysis in 15 couples after voluntary intercourse. These samples were analyzed to determine the rate of decay of sperm and prostatic acid phosphatase as it pertains to alleged rape. An attempt was made to identify the male partner by laboratory examination of pubic hair combings and for foreign ABO antigens in vaginal fluid. If consideration is given to proper laboratory controls, examination for spermatozoa and prostatic acid phosphatase remains the primary test in alleged rape.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Depressive symptoms in rape victims.

Thirty-four recent rape victims were assessed for depressive symptomatology using a well-validated self-report instrument in combination with formal psychiatric evaluation. Fifteen subjects were found to be moderately or severely depressed when measured on the self-report questionnaire. A closer examination of these 15 subjects revealed that 8 were suffering from a major depressive disorder. The authors emphasize that all clinicians working with rape victims should be alert to the emergence of depression in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Multiple group rape: psychosocial considerations.

Psychiatric examination of the participants in repeated episodes of rape demonstrated that sexual assault combined with stealing represents symbolically an attack upon the bad mother, such hostile acting out enabling the individual to defend against strong, but ambivalent, wishes to be nurtured. Separation from home in each case was considered a crucial precipitant of such behavior. It is suggested that exhibitionistic-voyeuristic conflict may be an important determinant of whether or not rape is committed in group fashion.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1977

Rape: a sexual deviation.

Clinical work with offenders and victims is cited to support the concept of rape as a sexual deviation, as well as a sexual offense. It is suggested that rape is directed toward the sexual expression and gratification of needs that are not basically sexual, and that it represents a developmental crisis for the offender, which in turn triggers a situational crisis for the victim.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

Adaptive strategies and recovery from rape.

The authors conducted a follow-up study of 81 rape victims to analyze the effect of adaptive or maladaptive response to rape on recovery over a 4-6 year period. They found that victims recovering fastest used more adaptive strategies, including positive self-assessment; defense mechanisms of explanation, minimization, suppression, and dramatization; and increased action. Victims who had not yet recovered had more maladaptive mechanisms, such as negative self-assessments, inaction, substance abuse, and action on suicidal thoughts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Psychotherapy for the rape victim: some treatment models.

A victim of rape immediately feels an acute disruption of her life style and coping skills and a great stress on her ego. In order to achieve long-term integration, she must resolve a lack of trust of men, paranoia about her physical safety, guilt, and a grief reaction. The author reviews several models of therapy, including the traditional psychodynamic approach, the humanistic approach, and the behavioral-cognitive approach, and also some of the literature on crisis theory. She proposes a model for measuring the rape victim's recuperation--a numbered scale of adaptive behavior on which she can advance from the first stage, acute disorganization, to higher levels of behavior. Two important factors influencing the victim's recovery are symptom relief and the support of significant others.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1979

Dress, posture, and setting as additive factors in subjective probabilities of rape.

Subjects indicated the likelihood that a female, photographed in eight situations, would be raped. The situations were created by the Cartesian product of her dress (seductive/nonseductive), posture (aggressive/nonaggressive), and setting (inside/outside). The three variables combined additively with the highest subjective probability of rape associated with the seductive/nonaggressive/outside condition.

Beauty↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accountability: a right of the rape victim.

Accountability by the professional is especially important in a crisis situation. Rape is experienced by victims as a life threatening situation and it thus triggers an acute stress reaction which requires them to go through a long-term reorganization process. As a crisis situation, it makes them hypersensitive to the attitudes of those people to whom they turn for help and assistance. Clients--in this case rape victims--benefit when professionals are careful to be accountable to them. The victim counselors defined and redefined their role to the victims through their work with the victim as well as explaninig the services they could provide. In reviewing the reactions of 146 victims to treatment by police, hospital, and counselors, one theme emerged again and again: clients want explanation from professionals about role expectations and about procedures that are to be done.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

The use and abuse of the rape treatment center.

The author acknowledges the fact that the new system of managing alleged rape victims via the RTC is superior to the former method. The RTC has performed very well, giving aid and succor to rape victims. However, it appears that the unit has attracted some individuals who are not completely truthful and have given fraudulent accounts to investigators. Methods have been suggested to screen out these persons.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1979

Hospitals respond to rising rape rate.

As the rape rate increases, hospitals increasingly are being called upon to treat rape victims/Proper evidence collection and sympathetic care can help law enforcement officials as well as victims.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1977

Rape: an organized approach to evaluation and treatment.

Rape is a rapidly spreading form of violence. The physician must examine and treat the victim and establish an adequate record for legal purposes. Treatment of the victim includes follow-up for late-emerging ego disruption and is greatly aided by employing the assistance of organized agencies such as a hospital-based Social Service or a Rape Crisis Center. It is also important that the victim receive adequate protection against venereal disease and pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Management of the rape victim.

If a rape crisis center and specialized personnel are not available, the family physician can adequately examine and treat the rape victim as well as collect and properly handle all the required medical evidence. The detailed history has several facets. Laboratory confirmation can be obtained for prior consensual intercourse, sodomy and other special aspects. Treatment is indicated for the prevention of venereal disease and pregnancy. Psychologic support is essential. The physician's examination and testimony can play an important legal role.

Female↗
PubMed1977

The rape victim: a review of 117 consecutive cases.

The case records of 117 women examined at University Hospital for the complaint of alleged rape have been reviewed. The usual victim was white, single, under the age of 25 years, and attacked by a single assailant. Fifteen patients sustained serious physical injury, and 60 received minor injuries. Six children required hospitalization for reparative surgery. One patient required hospitalization for 9 days secondary to severe emotional stress. The number of attacks was lowest in the daytime and highest from midnight to 6:00 AM. Cultures from the endocervix were positive for gonorrhea in 12% of rape victims. Unfortunately, it would appear from public records that there is little hope of the attackers being convicted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Homosexual rape and sexual selection in acanthocephalan worms.

Acanthocephalan males have cement glands associated with the vas deferens, secretions from which seal the female vagina with a cap after copulation and so prevent subsequent insemination. Homosexual rape results in the male victim having the genital region sealed off with cement and effectively removed from the reproductive population. Sperm and cement are transferred to females during copulation, but apparently only cement is transferred to males during homosexual rape. Acanthocephalans conform to a parental investment model, and we interpret the evolution of the cement gland and sexual behavior as the result of sexual selection.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1977

Religiousness and devaluation of a rape victim.

In a 4X3 design (religious orientation vs. marital status of victim), 167 Ss were given a case account of a rape. Intrinsically religious Ss devalued the victim less than did Ss who were extrinsically oriented, indiscriminately proreligious and indiscriminately nonreligious. No significant effect was noted for the marital status of the victim, nor was there a significant interaction between these two variables.

Attitude↗