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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Enzootic leucosis in a flock of sheep in Rhodesia.

Fourteen cases of lymphosarcoma occurred in a small experimental flock of sheep in Rhodesia. There appeared to be horizontal spread and the ages of the affected animals varied from one to more than 10 years. Thirteen of the cases so far diagnosed were leucaemic with a high lymphocyte count. Eleven of the sheep demonstrated multicentric lesions and two alimentary mesenteric; the remaining animal is still alive. Transmission attempts in four neonates resulted in one showing a high white cell count after 25 months. Electron microscope studies failed to demonstrate C-type virus-like particles. This appears to be the first recorded example of an outbreak of lymphosarcoma in a flock of sheep in Southern Africa and the descriptive term "enzootic leucosis" has been adopted.

Anemia↗
PubMed1976

Serum cholinesterase variants in African leprosy patients resident in Rhodesia.

Blood samples from 580 African leprosy patients living in Rhodesia have been phenotyped for the plasma cholinesterase variants. The Africans have been grouped according to country of origin and tribal affiliation. We have found no individual with an Ea1 gene and are unable to resolve the contradictory evidence for an association between this gene and leprosy. The frequency of the Ef1 gene is higher than that usually found in Caucasian populations, being 0.046 in lepromatous leprosy patients and similar to the 0.056 found in healthy African controls. In tuberculoid leprosy patients the frequency is, however, significantly lower at 0.019. On the other hand, the frequency of the C5+ variant is essentially the same for the tuberculoid leprosy patients and the healthy controls (4%) while for the lepromatous leprosy patients it is about 7% approaching the 10-15% found in many Caucasian populations.

Cholinesterases↗
PubMed1976

The cholinesterase variants found in some African tribes living in Rhodesia.

Blood samples from 1,614 Africans living in Rhodesia have been phenotyped for the cholinesterase variants at the E1 and E2 loci. 24% of the African population were non-Rhodesian by birth. 1,227 Rhodesians aligned themselves to 20 tribes, 191 Malawians to 8 tribes. 162 Mozambique Africans to 9 tribes and 34 Zambians to 8 tribes. A high frequency of 0.036 for the Ef1 gene, which varies from tribe to tribe, has been found in Rhodesian and Malawian Africans. Similar high frequencies for this gene are recorded for Zambian (0.045) and Mozambique Africans (0.034). The frequencies of the Es1 gene in these groups are 0.013 (Rhodesian), 0.009 (Malawian), and 0.016 (Mozambique African). The small Zambian sample showed evidence for neither the Es1 nor the C5+ electrophoretic variant. The absence of the Ea1 gene in the 1,613 Africans provides additional evidence of the rarity of this gene in negroid populations. The frequency of the C5+ variant in Rhodesian, Malawian and Mozambique Africans, although varying from tribe to tribe within the range of 0-8%, averages 3% in each group. These represent low frequencies for this variant when compared to other populations. No rare or 'private' electrophoretic variant has been found.

Cholinesterases↗
PubMed1976

The use of serology by titering of fluorescent antibodies to evaluate levels of transmission of schistosomiasis in Rhodesia.

The prevalence of schistosomiasis has been measured by parasitological examination and by fluorescent antibody titering in a number of communities in different parts of Rhodesia. The samples were taken from areas of high, medium, and low transmission of the disease. A correlation was detected between the mean titer and prevalence of infection, particularly in the younger people (4-13 years old). It is suggested that fluorescent antibody titrating may be a useful epidemiological tool.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1954

Ecology of rabies in Southern Rhodesia.

The spread of rabies since 1950 in Southern Rhodesia is described, and its probable causes analysed; the outbreak is attributed chiefly to the vast domestic-dog population, but cases have been noted among many other species of animal. The difficulties encountered in enforcing general control measures are discussed; however, the advent of Flury-strain avianized vaccine has allowed of a successful inoculation campaign which, in spite of some failure in immunization, is satisfactorily controlling the disease in most of the areas involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1958

Malaria parasite rates in Southern Rhodesia: May-September 1956.

The author reports on malaria parasite rates found in the indigenous population of Southern Rhodesia after seven years of insecticide spraying. Although there is little or no overt malaria in sprayed areas, larvae of Anopheles gambiae are still found in certain foci. It is thought possible that the parasite rate is now so low that for practical purposes a break in transmission has been achieved, but the author points out that a dangerous potential source of infection exists in immigrant labour from other territories. Immigrants are now being treated on entry with up to 450 mg of amodiaquine and 45 mg of primaquine.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

A parasitological survey in three selected communities in Luapula Province, Northern Rhodesia.

The authors present the results of a parasitological survey conducted among children living in three rural and geographically separate communities selected for the work of the Health and Nutrition Scheme, Fort Rosebery, Northern Rhodesia. The survey included observations on Plasmodium spp. and other parasites of the blood, Endamoeba spp., and helminth and arthropod parasites. In addition, data on the distribution and taxonomy of local anophelines and fresh-water molluscs are given.As was expected, malaria, urinary bilharziasis and hookworm were the most important parasitic infections recorded, though the prevalence of each varied considerably in each community. Such local variation in prevalence of a particular parasitic infection should prove to be encouraging, rather than discouraging, to the initiation of control measures.The results of the present survey support the view, too frequently forgotten, that for an adequate understanding of the prevalence of different parasitic infections precise, local investigations are imperative; without such investigations, broad conclusions are seldom valid.

Child↗
PubMed1961

The control of snail hosts of bilharziasis and fascioliasis in Southern Rhodesia.

The authors review the experimental work that has been done since the Second World War on the use of chemical molluscicides in Southern Rhodesia and describe the development of a co-operative snail control campaign involving local landowners and various Government departments. In 1959 and 1960 efforts were concentrated on four large-scale experiments to test the methods of application of copper sulfate, sodium pentachlorophenate and Bayer 73 under a variety of climatic and physiographic conditions.From this work the authors conclude that it would appear possible and practicable to control vector snails in natural water courses and reservoirs in savannah areas of Central Africa to a degree at which it is thought that transmission of bilharziasis from man to man and of fascioliasis from animal to animal does not take place.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

The short-term effects of three molluscicides on the microflora and microfauna of small, biologically stable ponds in Southern Rhodesia.

Where large-scale molluscicide applications are anticipated, it is important to investigate the effects of the chemicals to be used on the freshwater microflora and fauna existing in the bodies of water to be treated. The food chains of which these organisms form basic parts are important in the general ecology leading up to fish and even to man. Some observations on the direct short-term effect of three molluscicides-copper sulfate, sodium pentachlorophenate and Bayer 73-on the populations of certain plankton organisms, carried out in biologically stable ponds in Southern Rhodesia, are reported on in this paper. It appears that copper sulfate has the most drastic and long-lasting effects on these organisms. The authors stress that snail control measures involving molluscicides should be so designed as to effect the minimum alteration to the ecological balance of the freshwater habitat.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Trials with a new molluscicide, Bayer 73, in Southern Rhodesia.

The molluscicide Bayer 73 has been tested widely in laboratories and in small field experiments. It was decided in Southern Rhodesia, where mollusciciding is an important weapon in the control of bilharziasis, that the chemical should be tested against the local host snails both in the laboratory and on a large field scale. The results have been most encouraging and have led to the conclusion that Bayer 73 is one of the most effective molluscicides produced to date.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Head and neck tumours in Rhodesia.

A retrospective 5-year study of head and neck tumours treated at a general hospital in Rhodesia and an attempted follow-up of the patients were undertaken in connection with the setting up of a joint head and neck clinic. The relevant data are outlined in this report.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1973

Molluscicide for the control of schistosomiasis in irrigation schemes: a study in Southern Rhodesia.

The development of large areas of irrigation farming in the south-eastern lowveld of Southern Rhodesia has produced the risk of severe transmission of schistosomiasis over an extent of some 30 000 ha. Control measures instituted by the Ministry of Health were primarily directed against the large and widely distributed snail populations by using molluscicides. The chemical was applied to the irrigation water by drip-feed methods once every 6-8 months. The drains, however, were treated routinely by pairs of rangers searching for snails and applying chemical where they were found. The efficacy of control operations has been assessed by longitudinal studies in children free from infection to determine the incidence of infection. The results indicate that transmission of both Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni has been reduced to a level below that measured in areas of the country where irrigation is not practised. The total annual cost for this work was US$ 54 800-55 500.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1966

Trials with N-tritylmorpholine (Shell WL 8008) as a molluscicide in Southern Rhodesia.

In the course of research into the effectiveness of new molluscicides for bilharziasis control, a recently developed compound, Shell WL 8008 (N-tritylmorpholine), has been tested in Southern Rhodesia, both in the laboratory and in the field. It is highly toxic to Bulinus (Physopsis) globosus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis, all of which succumbed to the compound at a concentration of 1.0 ppm in a contact time of only 15 minutes. In experiments in reservoirs and natural watercourses, a concentrated aqueous suspension was sprayed on or just under the water surface, forming a white "blanket" that sank at a rate depending on temperature, amount of vegetation, and so on. The period of contact with snails is sufficiently long for the molluscicide to kill them as it sinks; this characteristic is of great importance in the economic treatment of large stagnant water bodies or slow-moving streams. The compound is highly piscicidal, but has little effect on a wide range of microfauna.

Molluscacides↗
PubMed1979

Tick infestations and tick-borne diseases in Zimbabwe Rhodesia.

The distribution of tick species in Zimbabwe Rhodesia is significantly influenced by land utilization practices. The most commonly occurring species in the over-grazed tribal areas is Boophilus decoloratus. By contrast, well-managed commercial farms and ranches support a wide range of tick species, the most important of which is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Until recently tick-borne diseases of cattle were efficiently controlled through dipping. The low incidence of disease was an important factor contributing to over-grazing in tribal areas. Between 1973 and 1978 political unrest resulted in a collapse of the dipping service in tribal areas. Populations of B. decoloratus built up and outbreaks of babesiosis and anaplasmosis occurred, normally between one and three years after the cessation of dipping. Reduced grazing pressure after the initial disease waves resulted in increased grass cover, allowing species such as R. appendiculatus and Amblyomma hebraeum to become re-established. Outbreaks of theileriosis and heartwater usually followed, decimating the already depleted herds. The heavy cattle mortality resulted from lack of immunity to tick-borne diseases, as a result of efficient disease control through dipping in previous years.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Salmonellae in Rhodesia: sources and serotypes of some isolates from abattoirs, domestic animals, birds and man.

Sources and serotypes of some salmonellae isolated from abattoirs, domestic animals, birds and man are given. At least 72 serotypes have been identified from 1273 isolations from abattoirs, animals and birds, and from 7 137 isolations from man. The sources and serotypes of these isolations are discussed and some suggestions concerning the epidemiology of Salmonella in Rhodesia are made.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the diagnosis and treatment of human filariasis in Rhodesia.

Experiences in Rhodesia with various recovery techniques available for the laboratory diagnosis of infections with Dipetalonema perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti are discussed. A diagnostic laboratory regimen for routine filarial investigations is suggested. Included are preliminary observations on the use of mebendazole (Vermox) for the treatment of D. perstans infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Organophosphate poisoning in Rhodesia. A study of the clinical features and management of 105 patients.

A series of 105 patients with organophosphate poisoning admitted to Harari Hospital during the past 4 years is described. Poisoning with organophosphate compounds is being seen more frequently in hospital practice in Rhodesia. Many of the cases are attempted suicides, but frequently there is no positive history of contact with the poison. The majority of patients exhibit the classic clinical features of parasympathetic overactivity, but diagnosis may be obscured by atypical presentation. Rapid diagnosis and utilization of the treatment regimen outlined in this article should reduce the mortality to less than 15%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The seasonal activity of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann 1901 (Acarina: Ixodidae) in the highveld of Zimbabwe Rhodesia.

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus passes through one generation per annum in the highveld of Zimbabwe, Rhodesia and shows a well-defined pattern of seasonal activity. Peak adult activity occurs in the rainy season, whereas peak larval and nymphal activity occurs in the dry season. Adult activity is regulated by the combined influences of temperature, humidity, and day length. Climatic factors have little or no direct influence on the activity of larvae and nymphs. The occurrence of the larval and nymphal activity peaks is determined by the timing of the adult activity peak and the duration of the preceeding developmental periods, which are temperature dependent. In the early rainy season, unfed adults climb to the tips of the grass and enter a period of quiescence prior to becoming active.

Animals↗